Alustath Journal for Human and Social Sciences

This study aims at answering the following question:
How do secondary school administrations contribute to the use of electronic culture and what are its consequences at The Level of teaching and learning processes?
In light of the implications of the question, the researcher hypothesizes that:
- There is no statistically significant difference at (0.05) level of significance between the arithmetic mean and the theoretical mean of the scale.
- There is no statistically significant difference at (0.05) level of significance between the arithmetic mean and the theoretical mean according to gender variables, the number of years of service as a headmaster and the number of training courses attended.
For the purpose of achieving the aim of the study and verifying the hypotheses, the researcher used the descriptive analytical method and designed a research tool consisting of (26) items after verifying its validity and reliability by presenting it to jury members.
The tool was applied to the study sample of (102) male and female headmasters and the data were then analyzed by extracting the mean and standard deviations.
The results show that:
- There are statistically significant differences between the theoretical mean and the arithmetic mean. This difference was in favor of the sample mean.
- There are statistically significant differences among the responses of the sample of the study due to gender variable in favor of male headmasters.
- There are statistically significant differences among the sample of the study due to the variable of number of years of service as school headmasters in favor for those who have five years of service or less.
- There are significant differences between the arithmetic means according to the training courses attended in favor for those with (15) years in service or more.

The Fatimid State was clearly distinguished by the fact that it was based on religious movement which was characterized also by encoring freedom of thought. Thus, many cultural and religious centers such as Al- Azher mosque and Al-hikma House were established to promulgate the Fatimid doctrine. This is why I have taken the task to discover the real motives that revolutionized the cultural like of the Fatimid caliphate and its impact on the where world of Islam particularly in Baghdad and Andalucía. All fields of knowledge and culture such as theology, physics, philosophy, language and literature …. exc. have been thoroughly.

(1400 years ago) Imam, the Commander of the Faithful, Ali bin Abi Talib (peace be upon him) developed an integrative project for human coexistence between adherents and followers of all religions and sects, and in a manner that meets the requirements of man in every time and place, especially in our time, and it is a comprehensive monotheistic project that he theoretically adopted and considered. In practice, he applied it personally despite the difficulties and the harsh conditions surrounding him in the reality of life, which is a reform project that achieves security and safety for all, and ensuring their rights for all people, entrenching their civilizational coexistence and human fraternity, according to two original Islamic principles, namely (the principle of the unity of human kind, and the principle of human dignity), and it is required of them A holistic, humanist Islamic principle, which is the principle of (complete and complete social justice) for all people.
This project is based on positive dialogue, education on the necessity of recognizing the existence of the other religiously, ethnically, culturally and socially different, kindness in others and tolerance with it and guaranteeing their freedoms and rights, scientific cross-fertilization between the heritage of different nations and peoples, and making use of the knowledge product of the other religiously, ideologically and racially different according to objective controls and the scientific method, criminalizing Prohibition of hate speech, violence and intolerance.
In studying, understanding and analyzing this project, and in implementing and implementing its programs, it is practically rid of the tragedies that humankind today suffers from in general and Muslims and Arabs in particular.

In the present study, the narrative construct in the novel have been analyzed of: Nethar Alajsad Elmahroka by Wassini Laaraj focusing on the surface structure (the narrative component) which, in its imaginary world, the subject of the conflict between the society, the intellectual and the authority occupied an impressive position which made it constructed with a way that create confusion for the reader by fueling the conflict inside him. To the point that anxiety infection and the lack of answers spread from outside to inside, including a number of its central characters, and analyzing the semantic structure in it led us to the dissection of the global structures. Taking into account a number of cases and transformations which characterized its characters, through the roles they perform during the transformation process, this is because the narrative is based on successive statements which are used in it, to form a set of actions aimed at achieving a project, adopted by its central characters, and here the paper will limit the discussion about the comprehensive structures in the narrative component. That is why the paper chooses the major and dominant selves in the narrative text and then linking them to the narrative programs for the multiplicity and diversity of its desires because every story is carried a plot that formed the climax of the conflict in the relationships of the characters with each other.

The research aims to identify obstacles to teaching in e-learning from the point of view of Arabic language teachers in Baghdad. To achieve this, the researcher followed an analytical and descriptive approach, and he formulated a questionnaire consisting of (24) item after confirming its reliability and sincerity, and he distributed the questionnaire to (100) individuals from the sample of the research is from the Arabic language teachers in the Baghdad Directorate of Education, the second Rusafa. The researcher analyzed the data statistically. The results showed that all the items of the tool were one of the reasons for the obstacles of the electronic education that the Arabic language teachers were exposed to, as the obstacles related to administrative and material matters were among the biggest obstacles to which the Arabic language teachers are exposed. And then the obstacles related to e-learning, as for those that are related to teachers and students came in the last rank. The results of the research showed that there are no statistically significant differences between the averages of the estimates of the Arabic language teachers on the obstacles to e-learning for all research parts, and the researcher presented a number of proposals in the light of the search results.

The current research aims to identify a relationship between women's management of family financial resources and financial crises, and is there a relationship between social and economic variables and women's management of the financial resource as well as financial crises. The research sample consisted of (347) women with (213) working women and (134) non-working women and of different social and economic levels. The research tools included the family general data form, the women's management questionnaire for the family's financial resources, the financial crisis management form, and after processing the data by appropriate statistical means, the results showed the following:
1. There is a correlation between women's management of family financial resources and financial crisis management.
2. There is a correlation between some economic and social factors and the financial resource management axes and financial crisis management axes.
3. There are statistically significant differences between the variables of the study, the management of women's financial resources and the management of financial crises.
4. Education was found to be one of the most influential factors affecting the management of financial resources, while monthly income was the most influential factor in managing financial crises.
In light of these findings, the researcher made many recommendations and suggestions.

To initiate an idea to search for a correlative correlation between urban poverty and human development indicators, as a relative analysis and measurement of axes (public data, housing, economic life, social status, and services) was analyzed by designing a questionnaire and distributing it in a random manner according to housing density to reflect the cases and its manufacture Spatially, it appeared that the old residential areas that are worn out and suffering from overcrowding are the poorest in the state of home services and there is a direct relationship between poverty and the economic life of the population, and as services and social conditions deteriorate, unemployment and crime prevail. Al-Rutba and Ana) and to compare them with the result, there is a clear contrast, As the city of Rutba is the poorest of all measures and indicators for reasons related to the geographical location, the weak economic foundation of the city, the low levels of government employment and social welfare, the deterioration of developmental reality as well as administrative and financial corruption, mismanagement and planning, and finally the research concluded to reach important results that helped to provide a package of proposals and recommendations.

The study was conducted at Suakin town from March 2018 to March 2019, to identify the effects of tourism’s activities on the natural and the cultural environment. The researcher used questionnaire and interviews as primary sources. References, and researches as secondary sources. The study showed that tourism’s activities have positive effect on the local culture. In contrast there were negative effects caused by tourists as number of tourist were caused noise and air pollution, across the coast the number of coral had been reduced daily by selling it to the tourist what caused environment deterioration, the problem of water shortage, and the rising of food’s prices, many of diseases were been spread , also the clear effect of constructional expansion on the mangrove trees, the tourism seek to get specific kind of animals. The study recommended that the importance of preservation of the environment, cultural and natural resources, so as to prevent the activities which cause the environment deterioration, and support the tourists’ activities which have positive effects on the region and activate the environment legislations and conduct studies, also recommended by evaluating the environmental effects of tourism projects and institute Intensive awareness’s programs among tourists to preserve the environment.

The reader would find the new Arabic poem having a new tendency to have a high argument aspect that is being considered as a reaction toward the reality of living after being failed to establish utopia in His Home due to the oppressive policies and corrupt regimes; a matter which has led to make the argumentative and the persuasive means one of its most important features let alone to its fantastic function.
Thus, the researcher has tried to uncover the most important argument aspects on which this poem is based through approaches applied on three poets having one Arabic concern and similar political conditions in a crucial stage of the history of Arab nations, these three poets are: Jasim Mohammed Jasim al-Ajah from Iraq, and his poem titled Shi’ab Bawan; Omar Hizaa from Syria his poem titled Today I quit writing;and the poet Omar Anaz from Iraq and his poem titled But she has gone away,by revealing the argument dimensions which characterize the Arabic poem.

The research aims to explain the aspect of E-educational supervision. The revolutions of AI are coming, and it will show no mercy. E-Supervision maintains justice and transparency which always teachers dreams of. It's simply use statistics and numbers depends on probability and game theory.

Research aims to illustrate the aspect of E-Portfolio or what it known (Web folio). This will be the heart of E-Supervision. It will determine the futuristic policy of learning in the entire country.

The research draws a road map and an algorithm to apply the E-Supervision. It's an interesting journey to develop the entire educational system through rebuild its mind (Evaluation process), and the coming will be bigger.

The current research aims to identify the correlation between the variables of intellectual stress and future anxiety among a sample of students from the College of Education for Humanities / Basra University. The research sample consisted of (150) male and female students who were randomly chosen from the Department of Psychological Guidance and Educational Guidance for the academic year (2019 - 2020), and the two measures adopted by the researcher (measure of intellectual stress, Al-Zubaidi 2015) and (future anxiety scale, Al-Budeiri 2009) were applied. After completing the psychometric properties of the two measures, they were finally applied to the research sample. The results concluded that the research sample has intellectual stress and anxiety from the future, and that there is a statistical significance in the differences according to the gender variable in the two variables and for the benefit of males.

Color is part of the forms of our daily life and its various manifestations and of our surrounding world, and it is inherent to us in all our conditions, it is one of the most important elements of beauty that we care about. Colors are used for a utilitarian purpose. The Noble Qur’an and what it indicates and what those colors symbolize good, evil, elevation and sublime, and then study the significance of colors and their symbolism in some of the poems chosen by the poets. The embodiment of human feelings of sadness and joy, especially among poets, as they are individuals in societies that are affected and influenced by others.
The research sought to scrutinize the consideration of the use of colors in the Noble Qur’an and how it is understood and its reflection on the human being. It was also studied in the selected poems according to an analytical, descriptive and statistical approach to some extent, in a technical study of color words, and the research tried to uncover the effect of that on the poetic saying, and given the importance of The study in that it goes beyond the descriptive to reach the depths of the words, especially the colors, by analyzing that religiously, socially and psychologically, and given the breadth of the subject of the study, I have resorted to brevity and brevity in presenting the material.
We have resorted to Quranic reasoning by employing color first to pave the way for the artistic ranges that were absorbed by the verses of Islamic poetry that we selected according to the famous Da'wa poets in their defense of the message and Islam.
The research aims to achieve the reading of the vocabulary and meanings of colors in the Noble Qur’an and the selected poems. It also seeks to reveal its significance and symbolism in dimensions that include textual and around the text. The study clarifies the colors employed in the Noble Qur’an and the selected poems that have been employed in various methods to complete the artistic poetic picture. It has achieved a measure of benefit through the continuous interconnectedness between the Noble Qur’an and the creative structure. The study material relied on a number of sources and references.

The theses and university thesis are the intellectual output of each department and express the goals of the department in proceeding with research and investigation behind the sciences to reach the desired goal which is to solve the problems of man and the age, and the department of geography in the College of Education for Girls - University of Baghdad is part of the scientific process of the university, so this study examined the intellectual output since He opened postgraduate studies in the department (1995 until the end of 2019) and examined the study to reveal the total numbers of Ph.D. and MA students and the extent of their variation from one year to the next, as well as revealing the balance between the fine specializations of geography and the division of students into males and females in order to make progress Female admission only (2007), as the study attempted to arrive at analyzing results and searching for logical explanations for them As the total of postgraduate students totaled (159), and the number of doctorates (45) students and masters students came (114), but in terms of specializations, there were (58) natural geographic students, (87) human geography, and (10) inter-regional The environment and maps, or with regard to doctoral students, (16) students in the field of natural geography and (26) for human and joint specialization (3), and for masters students, the study showed that (42) have specialized in natural geography, and (61) students have specialized in geography Humanity and (7) are common, but with regard to subspecies, the high percentage of (Gymnor) specialization was that it had the highest repetition of the natural geography of the doctor Rah and (the political) of the human department, either master, dissolve (the gymnasium) also with a higher frequency than the rest of the disciplines, and the geography of cities came with the highest frequency during the study period.

This study entitled "Pragmatic education and the critical vision of the educational project in Kurdistan region: John Dewey as a model" is an attempt to criticize the pragmatic vision of the educational project in Kurdistan through choosing the ideas of the contemporary American philosopher (John Dewey) as a model to examine the problems of the educational project in this region so as to know the weaknesses in this educational project. The first chapter included two sections, in the first one we gave a general conceptual introduction to education and then we addressed education as a philosophical problem. In the second chapter we discussed Dewey's vision of pragmatism and the problems that hinder the educational system in four sections, in the first one we dealt with the educational issue in general and in the second one we discussed the principles of the pragmatic educational system and then in the third section we addressed the social centers as an influential factor in the educational process while in the final section we discussed the educational structure, its principles and mission in the contemporary society. The third chapter in turn is divided into three sections, in the first one we criticized the educational project in the Kurdistan region and in the second one we presented the necessary proposals to address the current problems, while in the third section we addressed the most important weaknesses in the educational project in the region, the most important of which is the absence of the integrated educational system as well as the absence of the essential purpose of the educational process. The fourth chapter included two sections, we tried in the first one to examine the relationship between philosophy and education through which and in the light of the philosophical frameworks to can find appropriate solutions to the educational problems there as well as we can outline the proposals necessary for the reform process in the field of education in Kurdistan as a whole. The last section in this study dealt with the impact of the social environment on the educational process where we tried to find an integrated philosophy of education that may assist in building a solid educational system in line with the progress taking place.

This study sheds light on the policy of demolition in the Islamic East in the state of the Prophet Muhammad ( peace be upon him), and in Al-Rashidi age, and in the rule of the Umayyad state, The subject of the study is determined geographically on the Arabian Peninsula, Syria ( Al-Sham) country, and Iraq, but in time it covers the first century And four decades from the second century AH. The subject of the study was not previously touched upon except rarely. The word demolition has several meanings, and almost all of them pour in one meaning, it is against construction. It did not specify in the title of the research what the demolished object included the demolition of mosques, churches, houses and palaces The reasons for the demolition are many, including religious and social ones. They are approved. It has been taken as a punishment against opponents, and those who harbor ill-treatment for the state of Islam It may be motivated by racial intolerance that is rejected by Islam, or refused to marry. The demolition of political reasons overwhelmed the subject of research, and began to succeed Imam Ali (peace be upon him). It escalated in the era of the Umayyad state, and was used by Mukhtar bin Obaidullah Althaqfy, and as a means of punishment for all those who participated in the killing of Imam Hussein (as) in Karbala. It was also used by the governors and the leaders of the armies of the Umayyad son against their opponents. It was also used by the preachers of Bani Abbas during their revolution against the Umayyad rule.

Islam has taken care of the psychological and emotional aspect of the human being, as well as the interest in mental and cognitive building as well as the physical construction of it, and emotional education occupied a prominent place and allocated a wide space in its legislation.She won her most fortune in explaining the amount of his Lord’s message and the first application of his rulings is the faithful Prophet (may God’s prayers and peace be upon him and his family) and completed the task after him the pure family of his house. We have made them dressed and gleaned from the abundance of fountains of the divine chewing gum, and the branch of the blessed prophecy tree, the ninth of the imams of the Muslims and the horse of the infallible, Abu Jaafar II (peace be upon him). Worlds.

Study of morphometric qualification has greatest importance for the study of hydrological and geomorphological qualification, this relationship can express about the relationships between the factor and the operation of the land that has co-relationship with it, and what spring of it, although there is multiplicity and complexity of the erosion for the ground phenomenon that has relationship of it and as well as that sprung out of it, we can investigate and examine these phenomenon through a lot of regulations , after it was depending on descriptive analytical study in order to analysis its qualifications , the top ten geomorphological who were relying on athletically style as well as calculated style in order to investigate the basin of the river and the drainage system like Hilton ,stillar, shoam and Makboot …ect.They were depending on mathematical and as qualitative style in order to investigate the basin of the rivers as well as the drainage system , and the relationship between the length of the creeks as well as the length and the distance of its basins and its slanting , in order to know the relationship between secondary drainage and its main drainage system…
Mapping design can be considered as the main applicable design for the digital mapping system which is relying on integration between GIS and the science of mapping in order to extract the geographical substances which can be contributed to analyze natural geographical phenomenon as well human qualifications, so as the geographical phenomenon hold close relationship within place and time of the incident of the same qualifications of ground, the clearest representation of its gradients, so the clearest representation of its gradients can be considered as geographical necessity after we can choose the right style in order to represent these phenomenon on the map, so there is an attempt in order to find different effective ways to calculate water underground system , that the designer can be overgeneralized water systems on the basis of subjective qualification and subjective these qualifications according to its drainage and morphometric systems because these designs play great role for its secondary and thirdly dimensions. So in order to main keeping on this network according to its drainage, and it can be deleted or exemplified can be considered as overgeneralized system as well as building its digital designs through secondary and thirdly designs for the purpose of building basic geographical data basis of multiple purposes.

The study aimed to identify the most common Identity KStyles, and the level of academic integration, and to verify the predictive ability of Identity Styles, academic integration, and the detection of differences in the Identity Styles, and academic integration according to gender variable. The study sample consisted of (187) male and female students from the first year at the university college, to achieve the objectives of the study. The researcher used the Identity Styles scale prepared by Berzonsky (1992) translated by the researcher, and the researcher used the academic engagement scale prepared by him. The results of the study showed that the information Style and the commitment Style came at a high degree, and the normative style, and the diffuse–avoidant style came at a medium degree, and the degrees of academic Engagement were high, as well as the results indicated the ability of the information and normative Style and the commitment to predict academic engagement, and the results showed that there are statistically significant differences in (the information Style & the commitment Style) depending on the gender variable in favour of females. While it was not clear that there were statistically significant differences in (the normative style & diffuse–avoidant style) according to the gender variable. The results revealed that there are statistically significant differences in the averages of academic engagement depending on the gender variable for all dimensions and the overall score in favour of females.

John Dewey was one of the most influential philosophers in the second half of the nineteenth century and the first half of the twentieth century in many domains. The first domain is the philosophical one as Dewey was the founder of the philosophy of pragmatism which came in response to the idealism. For the educational field, according to his new educational theories and views, he is considered as one of the founders of the educational philosophy in modern and contemporary education. The most significant aspects in education are Dewey's educational values as it is the source of the pedagogical goals that the ministry of education strive to achieve. Also, it is the source of human behaviour modification.
Our research aims to display the educational opinions and attitudes of John Dewey and to achieve that we have three topics. The first topic is about Dewey's most significant educational opinions and values. The second one is a study of the role of the idea and action that forming educational values. The third topic is about describing the values as a beneficial experience.

The study aims is to known the differences between the experimental group which is studied with woods model and controlling group which is studied with classical method in the achievement and acquisition scientific concepts at the level significant (α = 0.05). The population of the study involves (7654) students in basic schools in Arbil city. The sample was (71) Students, (36) students in the experimental group and (35) students in the controlling group. The study is designed with two partial groups and pre-post test selected. The researcher prepared (32) plans of teaching and studied the two groups for (73) days. After application the pre-post test, the data obtained show that success experimental group on the controlling group. At end of research, conclusions, recommendations, and proposition for future works were presented.

Neologisms are the translator's biggest problem. New objects, ideas, emotional words, scientific terms, slang and dialects are continually created or coming into the mainstream of language. While transferring words, each language acquires 3000 new words, annually (Usevičs, 2012).
The problem of translating new words is one of the hardest tasks facing translators; one cannot find such words in ordinary dictionaries even the newest specialized ones only after a while.
This paper draws the attention of translators and learners to the increasing number of such new words. Thus, neologism in English causes the dilemma of finding an Arabic equivalent.
For this purpose, translating such new words is important to understand the term of neologism. How it is being created? What does it stand for? How to translate Neologism?
A list of new English words are given to (5) translators in different specialized fields. They are asked to find out an equivalent or translate these new words using Sayadi's techniques (2011). After collecting the data, the results show how each translator manage the translation of Neologism in an acceptable way into Arabic, and the techniques that were adopted.

Animal Farm is a novel of pure propaganda. Orwell himself admits that he writes this novel in order to be a propaganda against the 'Soviet's myth', to expose Stalin's propaganda and Stalin's Communism. As propagandist, Orwell shows his ideas and opinions towards the dictatorial regimes. This study presents the outstanding role of different types and techniques of propaganda used in the novel by the characters, and how these techniques' persuasion influences are various from one another. The paper also traces the propagandists' ways and methods to make use of people's emotions by appealing to their profound fears and great dreams to befool and deceive them. Orwell gives the most devastating image of a propagandist through the character of Squealer who is crushingly effective to convince the animals and make them believe in everything he says. The paper also sheds light on Orwell's actual efforts to warn people from the tactics used by political regimes, and his attempt to show the effects of illiteracy and lack of education in supporting propagandists' purposes for exploiting people and make them victims of an evil propaganda.

This study investigates the language situation of the Armenian language among the Armenians of Baghdad. The researcher examines the domains of language where the Armenians use their ethnic language and the factors that support them use their ethnic language side by side with Arabic language. The researcher uses a pilot questionnaire that helped her to create a community profile which gives information about the community. She uses a sociolinguistic questionnaire, which is formed by the information taken from pilot questionnaire, to answer the main questions of the study. She distributed the questionnaire to 50 participants from different demographic background from Armenian community. The study concludes that the Armenians of Baghdad still preserve their ethnic language and use it restrictedly at home, church and in social religious events. The study also finds that the home, the family and the church are the major factors that maintain the Armenian language among the community in Baghdad. It also shows other factors that maintain the Armenian language such as schools, institutions, and the historic events that live in the memory of the community that contribute to the language maintenance.

Al-Nahda – the Renaissance corresponds to the advent of “modern civilization” (ḥṯ) in Egypt and the East through contacts with the West. The Renaissance is opposed to the Middle Ages (ṭ), times of darkness. It is intended, more than a renewal of old models, a revolution of knowledge and thought. It is born of more or less violent contacts with the outside. Just as the Renaissance of the East is fertilized by the Western contributions so the European Renaissance which preceded it is largely attributed to the philosophical and scientific mediation of the Arabs of Andalusia. My research is a re-consideration of al-Nahda, highlighting the development of contemporary Arabic literature as a result of the late-19th – early 20th cultural rebirth of the Arab world, with a special stress on the French-Egyptian cultural transfer and the importance of translation.

The infallible imams of Shi'a have a special interest in human values and have repeatedly advised people to adhere to moral virtues. In this study, a collection of ethical narratives of the fifth Imam of Shi'a, Imam Muhammad Bāqir (AS), has been presented, in which verse or verses of the Qur'an have been manifested. These narratives are then analyzed. The verses of the Qur’an have been expressed in the words of Imam Bāqir (AS) in various ways, including: adduce, citation, allusion, adaptation, or expression of instance. This research pursues several goals: First: Understanding how Imam Bāqir (AS) has used the Qur’an in his speech. Second: a detailed understanding of the subject of these narratives and the interpretation of the verses in which they are mentioned; Third: The relationship between the above verses and the narrative text.
In the 14 hadiths of Imam Bāqir (AS), about 30 verses of the Qur'an have been manifested which have yielded important results from their analysis. Including: All the Imams in general and Imam Bāqir (AS) in particular, pay great attention to the Quran. And teach people to seek every true idea and belief from the verses of the Qur'an, to question the master and have a scientific debate and controversy, to bring their evidence from the Qur'an as the most important scientific and religious source, and to ignore the word that has no Qur'anic reason, and not to suffice the appearance of Qur'an and pay attention to its hidden meaning. Some of the ethical virtues that Imam Muhammad Bāqir (AS) has explained include: flexibility in accepting the right, believers' dignity, public relations, rationality in public relations, avoiding the vain and futile word, avoiding many questions, avoiding nonsense and slander toward people, avoiding illicit relationships and short-change.