Dijlah Journal of Medical Sciences

The current study sought to assess the immunohistochemical expression of estrogen receptors (ER-α) in oral PV biopsies. The study was conducted from May 10, 2020, to February 9, 2021. 44 paraffin embedded oral PV tissue blocks were taken. Each block was sliced with a microtome. Antibodies were applied to each sample using the IHC technique to observe the expression of ER. The first was dependent on the intensity of the stain, and the second on the percentage of cells with positive stain. All results were statistically analyzed using the SPSS application. The Chi-square and Spearman tests were employed. Results: The intensity of ER-α in all silds was studied and found to be negative in 29 cases and mild in 15 cases. According to the percentage of the cells with positive stains, the results were as follows: The 30 cases registered as negative for ER-α, the scoring for 11 cases was weak, and finally 3 cases showed a moderate score. The current study showed that activation of ER-doesn't play a role in the story of PV, but more research was needed to figure out and clarify the role of EH in autoimmune blistering conditions.

The aim of this studywas performed to compare ghrelin and GLP-1 levels in individuals with normal blood sugar levels. This study was performed to compare ghrelin and Glucagon like peptide -1 (GLP-1) levels in individuals with normal blood sugar levels. Participants and methods: The study included a total of 200 individuals, with 58% of being male. The mean age of the participants was 37.2 ±4.2 years. BMI mean was 31.9 ±4.4 kg/m². The subjects were tested in a condition of fasting, as well as 30 and 60 minutes after ingesting a standard liquid meal. Throughout this testing, we evaluated the concentrations of ghrelin and GLP-1. Results: Patients exhibited the most unfavorable metabolic profile, defined by higher levels of glucose. It was noted that the levels GLP-1 and insulin exhibited a similar increase in all groups after consuming a standard meal, regardless of whether the participants were fasting or had eaten 30-or 60-minutes prior. Glucose levels exhibited a rise in all groups following the consumption of food. However, the rise was significantly more pronounced in the DOB group as compared to the NOB as well as CON groups at the 30 and 60-minute marks after the meal (p < 0.00). Conclusion: It has been concluded that GLP-1 and ghrelin levels in individuals with different levels of glucose tolerance had similar responses after consuming a typical liquid mea

Norovirus GII is the most commonly identified cause of the outbreaks and the sporadic cases of acute pediatric gastroenteritis, and children's hospitalization is often required. It institutes a significant health problem because of its highly contagious nature and high rate of morbidity. This work describes the development of reverse transcription real-time TaqMan PCR assays for Norovirus GII identification as an etiological agent for acute pediatric gastroenteritis in children less than five years from stool specimens. The result of the RT-PCR assay revealed that Norovirus GII was present in 4(8%) out of 50(100%) feal samples from children with acute gastroenteritis in this study. while detection of Norovirus was 2% in case-control. Severe clinical symptoms associated with Norovirus infection compared with non-viral infection. This research established that the reverse transcription real-time PCR is among the greatest sensitive approaches for Norovirus detection based on the amplification of the DNA from Norovirus RNA, and the highlights neededfor Norovirus laboratory investigations

Background: Syrups represent a type of liquid medication; these liquid pharmaceuticals are typically preferred for their convenience in administering to individuals such as children and the elderly who may struggle with swallowing solid medications. This research work was conducted to: First Prepare, develop and design stable, non-medicated simple syrups based on non-nutritive and non-glycogenesis sweeteners such as Stevia and Monk Fruit sugars. Second compare these syrups in terms of physical and microbiological properties with sucrose and fructose based syrups. The sweeteners used in this study were Stevia, Monk Fruit, Sucrose, Fructose, Cane sugar and Honey in order to prepare stable simple syrups. The syrups were prepared by simple solution method with the aid of heat. The sweetener was dissolved in purified water with a continuous agitation. The prepared syrups were evaluated for the following parameters Physical appearance (color, odor, and taste), pH, Refractive index, Conductivity, Optic rotation, Specific gravity, Viscosity and Microbiological studies. The study showed that syrups based on non-nutritive sweeteners such as Stevia 1% w/w and Monk Fruit 5% w/w, 10%w/w are stable in terms of the parameters of evaluation and tests that were carried out during the 6 months of the study at room temperature and 50 oC, in addition to that, no color changes, no sedimentation, no recrystallization nor growth of any type of microscopic organism were detected. Stevia 1% w/w and Monk fruit 5% and 10 % w/w can be used to prepare stable simple syrup as well assucrose 66.7 % w/w based syrup

Streptococcus pneumoniaeis regarded as a main cause of CAP among other pathogens. In the current study, (60) patients infected with Streptococcus pneumoniaewere included, from whom blood samples were collected. The patients attended to Baghdad Teaching Hospital during the period from 1stOctober 2023 to 20thApril 2024. Blood sample also obtained from (60) apparently healthy individuals as controls. The results showed that the prevalence of streptococcus pneumonia infection was higher among the age groups (25-34) and (45-54) as compared to other age groups. Also, the distribution of streptococcus pneumonia infection was higher among males 31(62.0%) than females 19(38.0%) with no significant variation. The prevalence of streptococcus pneumonia infection according to residency was equal between rural andurban patients. A highly significant variation (P<0.01) was found between the mean Strept. IgM (2.1164±1.27) in the patient group and the healthy controls (0.05±0.04), and between the (Mean±Sd) of Strept. IgG (1.72±0.75) in the patients and the healthy controls (0.04±0.02). Also, the (Mean±Sd) IL17A was significantly higher (p<0.01) in the patient group (96.41±26.11) than the control group (19.68±6.52), and the (Mean±Sd) TGF was significantly higher (p<0.01) higher in the patient group (101.74±32.88) than the control group (23.59±10.86). There was a highly significant variation (p<0.01) between mean IL-17A and Anti Strept. IgM antibodies (25.423). There was a highly significant variation (p<0.01) between mean value IL-17A and Anti Streptococcus pneumoniae IgG antibodies (25.684), and a highly significant variation (p<0.01) between mean value TGF and Anti Strept. IgM antibodies (2.104). Also there was a highly significant variation (p<0.01) between mean value TGF and Anti Strept IgG antibodies (21.298), and a highly significant difference (p<0.01) between mean value of TGF and IL-17A (21.592). Results of amplification of specific region of lytA gene of Streptococcus pneumonia. The 1.5% agarose gel electrophoresis was used for fractionation of species of human samples and stained by ethidium bromide M: 100bp ladder markers. Lane 1-15 and 1-15 resembled 1023bp PCR product.

Background: Food additives (FA) are substances added to food for multiple determinations during different stages of its preparation. They are not ingested as food. They may or may not have nutritional value, but they are used to preserve the flavor, smell, structure, appearance and other properties of food. Objective:To determine knowledge of paramedical staff toward food additives. To define the association of different demographic variables of paramedical staff with their knowledge.Patients and Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted in 5 Government institutions, in Baghdad city, for the period 16thNovember-2022 ending in 2ndMarch-2023. Inclusion Criteria Health workers specialized in the food authorities in government institutions were selected non-randomly in Baghdad city. Exclusion Criteria Medical staff and another staff which non-specialized in the food authorities in government institutions. Sampling Technique of the Study; the total number of government institutions was 5, that contains units specialized in the food authorities. Results:A sample of 127 health workers of age mean ±SD (40 ± 11 years), 52 male the remaining were female; the majority of staff 55.1% had Bachler degree. The years of service of the participant ranged from less than ten to 30-39 years with a mean ±SD (14 ± 11 years). Overall score for knowledge was acceptable 94 (74.0%). Information source about food additives the highest percentages reported was from internet 72.4% In addition, others were obtained information from different sources. There is a significant difference in statistical analysis at P<0.05 among knowledge score and years of services, the study observation that most health workers had a good knowledge in less than ten years and ten to ninety years were accounted 19 (63.3%), 7 (23.3%) respectively. Conclusion:The study revealed that paramedical staff in Baghdad city had Acceptable score knowledge with regard to food additives. The study demonstration a highly significant relationship between health worker’s knowledge with years of services.

The impact of the ethanol extract of date palm pollen grains (DPP) was examined in the fertility enhancement of female rats exposed to oxidative stress by sodium nitrite. forty female mature rats assessing 150-200 g were grouped into five groups. First group were received distilled water save as control group, The second group was administered 100 mg/kg of crude DPP extract, third group received 100 mg/kg of crude DPP extract combined with 100 mg/kg body weight of sodium nitrite, forth group received 100mg/kg B.W of sodium nitrite, while fifth group was drenched 100mg/kg B.W of sodium nitrite for 28 days then 100mg/kg of crude DPP extract for another 14 days. Then we added the same number of mature male rats to determination the ability of DPP extract for fertility enhancement. the Animals were kept until the parturition occurred then determination the pregnancy index, fertility index, and viability index. The DPP extract caused clear changes in percentage of the parameters of pregnancy, viability and fertility indexes compared to the groups exposed to sodium nitrite, and also following the treatment of animals with DPP extract after exposure to sodium nitrite showed improvement of fertility and pregnancy indexes. The best enhancement activity of DPP extract was clarified in the result of long term treatment (fourth group). Conclusions: The study showed the ability of palm pollen grain extract to improve fertility and protective effects and treatments the harmful effects of sodium nitrite

This cross-section study was conducted in dental hospital at dijlah university college during period extended for three months (1jun –1april 2023) where 250 dental students from second stage (122) and fifth stage (128) students were asked to answer pretested questioner designed by the researcher to measure the level of knowledge of dental students about chemical composition of saliva. The questioner includes two parts, the first part asked about gender, age, and stage of study. The second part includestwenty questions asked about chemical composition of saliva.The results indicated that older students had significantly better knowledge than younger students (p = 0.007). Specifically, 66.7% of students aged 22 and older had good knowledge, compared to only 33.3% of younger students. Male students had significantly better knowledge than female students (p = 0.01), with 69.4% of male students having good knowledge compared to only 30.6% of female students. Additionally, fifth-year students had significantly better knowledge than second-year students (p = 0.001), with 66.7% of fifth-year students having good knowledge compared to only 33.3% of second-year students.The findings of the present study suggest that age, gender, and academic experience are significant predictors of knowledge acquisition among students. Therefore, educational institutions should consider these factors while designing academic programs and activities to ensure that all students receive equal opportunities to acquire knowledge.

Orf isa zoonotic disease and also known a sore mouth disease mostly affects sheep and goats and other animals. People can get it too if they have contact with infected animals, people and animals usually recover without long –term effects. The disease is caused by orf virus, a type of poxvirus. Lesions usually develop on the hands, around the mouth and can occur anywhere and resolve within (4-6) weeks without treatment. According to(CDC) Center for Disease Control and prevention, the disease is not transmitted from human to human