Dijlah Journal of Medical Sciences

1

PolymorphismOccurrence in PTGS2gene Sequence in Women withCervicitis

Maha Awda Ahlial, Nazar Sh. Mohammed*, Sura Jaafer Baqer

Pages: 1-9

Abstract

The cervix plays a significant role in confirming the appropriate pregnancy and parturition timing. One hundred blood specimens were taken from 100 women having cervicitis and from 100 apparently healthy women as controls. This work was performed at Al-Khark hospital for delivery and children, in Baghdad city during the period from January 2023 to January 2024.The resultsshowedthatthe highest infection rate (64.9%) was in the age group (15-24) years, followed by (58.1%) in the age group (35-44) years, (49.3%) in the age group (25-34) years, (47.4%) in the age group (45-54) years, and (25%) in the age group (55-60) years (p=0.03). The results also reveald no significant difference in mean Ca19.9 value among the patients (19.62 ±18.73) compared to the healthy group (19.21 ±18.68), However, a highly significant difference was found in mean Ca125 values between the patients (25.25±0.96) compared to the controls (18.98±17.95) (P<0.001). Also, there was no significant variation between mean Ca 15.3 marker in patient group (22.88±17. 78) compared tothe control group (18.86±16.44) (P= 0.72), while there was a highly significant difference between mean CRP level (89.06±0.99) in the patient group compared to the healthy (6.89±0.34) (P<0.001). The plymorfism in PTGS2 gene showed an increse in levels of Ca125 marker 4(20%) with a highly variation (P=0.001), and of CRP levels was 16(80%), with a significant variation (P=0.001), while the levels of polymorphism were found with Ca15.3 marker 3(15%), with significant variation (P=0.07) and Ca19.9 marker 1(5%), with a non-significant difference (P=0.3).No mutation was observed when the rs888160762 SNP of PTGS2 gene was analysed, while a polymorphism happened when the rs20417SNP of PTGS2 gene was analysed by the use of Sanger sequencings. The C homozygous allele was indicated by the single “C” peak, while the G/C heterozygous allele was indicated by the existence of “G” and “C” peaks

Keywords

cervicitis geneSequencing Polymorphism PTGS2 women

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Phenotypic Characterization of Isolation andIdentification of Tinea Pedis in Athletes' Foot

AlaaKhudur Boulos, Abdulameer Jasim,Omar Sadik Shalal

Pages: 10-22 English

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Abstract

Tinea pedis, or athlete's foot, is a fungalinfection invading the region between the toes. Although a prevalent ailment, there might be an absence of information about its transmission, risk factors, and healthcare choices among the general public.The research included 35 male athlete participants in Iraq. The questionnaire was delivered to athletes from sports centers and clubs, which ran from December 2023 to July 2024. Skin scrapings were microscopically analysed in a 20% potassium hydroxide (KOH) mount. The dermatophyte test medium and Sabouraud dextrose agar were used for culture. Lactophenol cotton blue staining and other unique methods, such as biochemical testing like the urease and other tests, were used to differentiate macroscopic and microscopic results.The current study aimed to find the Phenotypic Characterization of some dermatophytes in athletes' feet.A total of 36 cases of the athlete diagnosis reported that the KOH and SDA are 100% while when using selective media such as DTM is 80 % on the other hand using a biochemical test such as Keratinase, Nitrate, Urease, DNase are 80% while lipids and carbohydrate is 70% that reveal differentiation on the phenotypic characteristic according to different species of dermatophyte infection agents.The conventional diagnosis method seems insufficient in the presence of aberrant morphology or pleomorphism. however, our labs must use molecular approaches to identify and provide better treatment

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also known as athlete's foot and it seldom affects children [3]and the risk factors may include age as typically occurs when walking barefoot. Symptoms usually appear in the interdigital areas of the toes Athlete's Foot Baghdad Biochemical Test*Corresponding Author:*Omar Sadik ShalalCollege of the Health and Medical Techniques-Baghdad butmay also affect the soles and margins of the foot [2]. Tinea Pedis affects at least 10% of the globe's population. Occlusive shoes were fashionable in the late 19th and early 20th centuries Dermatophyte environment (high temperature and humidity) footwear fungal infection happens when dermatophytes attack the skin on the foot and also Tinea refers to a fungi disease Iraq. omar.sadik@mtu.edu.iq1-INTRODUCTIONTinea pedis leading to the prevalence of these disorders. Tinea pedis is more common in males than in females Middle Technical University Sex Tinea Pedis whereas pedis is a Latin term for foot infections [1]. It is transmitted largely by direct contact with the microorganism

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Study by TEM to the Effects Occurred in Leukocytes in PatientsSufferingfromHydatid Cysts

Hussein O.Kready1*, Prof.Dr. Sabah N.Alwach

Pages: 22-30 English

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Abstract

The research aimed to determinate the effects of hydatid cyst disease on leukocytes.By using Transmission electron microscope (TEM).Samples of blood were collected from different patient of different ages and sexes.The result showed that degranulation was observed in the cytoplasm of neutrophil, eosinophil and basophil.High phagocytosis activity were observed in neutrophil, eosinophil and monocyte, furthermore the result illustrated the presence of cytotoxic lymphocyte.

Keywords

Hydatid effects on blood.

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Observational Study on Breast Lump Cases in Iraqi Women Visiting the Breast Cancer Screening Unit at Al Elweiya Teaching Hospitalin Baghdad

Lutfi Ghulam Awazli1*, Rafif Nemah Hassoni2, Najim Abid issa

Pages: 31-37 English

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BENIGN Breast lump malignant

Abstract

Breast lumpsor swellingare a common concern for women and carry potential risks, especially with the global rise in breast cancer cases. In Iraq, the incidence of breast cancer is increasing, notably impacting younger women. Common breast symptoms prompting women to seek medical attention include breast pain, nipple discharge, and palpable masses. Increased public awareness and enhanced screening methods have enabled earlier detection, allowing for treatment during stages where complete surgical resection and curative options are viable. This study aimed to examine the relationship between demographic and clinical factors and the presence of breast lumps, as well as to identify the age distribution of astudy was conducted on women with palpable breast lumps who attended Al-Elweiya Teaching Hospital. This prospective study included 209 cases of palpable breast masses in female patients, assessed through a comprehensive evaluation process at the Tumor Women Center in Al-Elweiya Maternity Teaching Hospital between February and December 2023. Patients presenting with clinical signs of breast lumps underwent a thorough medical history, physical examination, and further assessment via mammogram, ultrasonography, FNAC, and/or core biopsy. Following diagnosis, patients were either scheduled for follow-up or definitive surgery. Among the 209 cases, the majority of patients (27.2%) were in the 41-50 age groups. Benign breast lumps accounted for 144 cases (68.8%), while 65 cases (31.1%) were malignant. A highly significant(P=0.001)association was observed between cases of malignant breastlumps and the 50-59 age group. Factors in married women who have fewer than five children, nipple retraction, and lymph node involvement showed highly significant correlations with breast lumps (P<0.01). Benign breast disease was the most prevalent diagnosis, with fibro-adenoma being the most common benign lesion. Breast cancer cases were less frequent, affecting about one-third of women and showing a trend toward younger age groups

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Sequencing and Phylogenetic Tree in Cat and Tet B Gene in Patients with Salmonella Typh

Inas Sattar Abd*, Hiba Nabil Abbas

Pages: 38-62 English

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Abstract

Salmonella typhi is resistant to numerous antibiotics because recurrently treated per antibiotic. onbases the positive and strong isolates, we selected six isolates for Tet B gene and three isolates for Cat for sequencing analysis . This study detected genetic sequencing and phylogenetic relationships of Tet B and cat genes from patients infected with Salmonella typhi. during specific gene analysis , which detected present two mutations (silent) were identified in gene ( cat) that that are protein remain same , while 14 mutation occur in Tet B gene were silent and another were missenses mutation. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that Salmonella typhi was similar to other salmonella on cat gene and tet B gene. Aim of the study to appreciate Slamonella typhi role in antibiotic resistance mechanisms through detected mutation that occur in cat and tet B gene and their evolution within numerous strains of Salmonella typhi..

Keywords

Antibiotic resistance phylogenetic tree Salmonella Enterica Serovar Sequencing Typhi

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Screening of Film Formers for Oral Thin Films, a Novel Pharmaceutical Dosage Form

Sadad A. H. Mohammed1*,Chan Siok Yee2and Sabah N.Alwach

Pages: 63-74 English

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Abstract

Oral films have gained popularity in recent years as novel pharmaceutical dosage forms, and are the most Oral dosage forms that avoid the hepatic system and provide a more effective therapeutic response are considered acceptable and accurate. These forms are particularly valued for their ease of use, especially among pediatric and geriatric patients, and are also favored by the pharmaceutical industry. They offer the combined benefits of the stability typically found in solid dosage forms and the practical application of liquids. The aim of the present study was to develop a versatile casting solution suitable for the production of oral thin films to which active pharmaceutical ingredients can be added.The research aimed to evaluate various film-forming materials for the development of orally dissolving films, with the goal of identifying optimal film formers and an appropriate manufacturing process.Various film forming polymers with different concentrations were used in this study as Hydroxyl Propyl Methyl Cellulose (HPMC), Methyl Cellulose (MC), Pullulan, Carrageenan, Sodium Alginate, Poly Vinyl Alcohol (PVA), Starch and Gelatin.The solvent casting method with four different techniques was employed to formulate oral thin films. The oral thin films were evaluated for physical characteristics and inspection of its visual properties such as homogeneity, color, transparency, and surface morphology, mechanical properties, disintegration time, physical characteristics such as thickness, uniformity of weight, folding endurance. Among all polymers used, HPMC Pharmacoat 615, HPMC Pharmacoat 606 and Methyl Cellulose showed desired film forming and excellent acceptability with transparent nature showing least disintegration time. HPMC could be the most promising oral film former with the four techniques used in this study. From this study we can conclude that Hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) and Methyl cellulose (MC) can be successfuloral film formers for preparing these kinds of oral thin films even without the presence surfactants that increase the speed of disintegration of these films in the mouth

Keywords

HPMC MC Oral thin film Pullulan

7

Evaluation of Some Cytokines in Patients Have Toxoplama GondiiAssociation with Hepatitis C Virus Infections

Ahmed Hashim Hameed

Pages: 75-83 English

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Abstract

Five ml of venous blood samples were collected from a group of 100 individuals diagnosed with Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, along with a control group comprising 50 healthy individuals. The sample collection was conducted from Ibn Al-Balady Children & Maternity Hospital. This process spanned from May 2024 to the end of September 2024. The results showed, in the context of our study on Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) and its potential co-infection with Toxoplasmosis, This cohort comprised 100 patients diagnosed with HCV, including 20 who were also co-infected with Toxoplasmosis. The gender and age distribution within this group provided insightful data for our analysis, with 52 males and 48 females ranging from 5 to 65 years. Additionally, for comparative purposes, we included a control group of 50 healthy individuals, balanced in gender (25 males and 25 females) and ranging in age from 5 to 50 years. The demographic data of these participants is crucial for understanding the impact and prevalence of these infections across different segments of the population. The distribution of IL-32, IL-33, and TNF-α among the study groups is thoroughly detailed in Table 4-4 and Figure 4-3. A striking difference is observed in the levels of these cytokines between the control group and the patient group. For IL-32, the control group's mean level was 3.919 with a SE of 0.226. This significantly contrasts with the patient group, which exhibited a much higher mean of 10.428 and a SE of 0.242. The difference in IL-32 levels between the two groups was highly significant, marked by a p-value less than 0.001. Similarly, IL-33 levels showed a substantial disparity. The control group had a mean of 4.775 and a SE of 0.249, whereas the patient group had a notably higher mean of 24.213 and a SE of 0.839. This difference was also highly significant, with a p-value less than 0.001. Lastly, the TNF-α levels followed a similar pattern. The mean level in the control group was 4.655 with a SE of 0.271, compared to the patient group, which had a significantly higher mean of 14.588 and a SE of 0.849. This difference, like the others, was highly significant, indicated by a p-value of less than 0.001

Keywords

Cytokines Hepatitis CVirus Toxoplama Gondii

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The Role of Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy in Treating Female Reproductive System Cancer(REVIEW)

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Pages: 84-90 English

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Abstract

Chemotherapy and radiotherapyplay vital roles in treatment some of female reproductive system cancers predominantly vaginal and cervical cancers. For cervical cancer, modalities can cause acute complications for instance genitourinary symptoms and gastrointestinal issues,alongside long-term effects comparable dyspareunia and vaginal atrophy that expressively affect sexual health. Combination of chemotherapy and radiotherapy is related with further severe late toxicities associated to radiotherapy only. In vaginal cancer, radiotherapy is mainly used in adjuvant setting to avert local revert post-surgery usually combined with chemotherapy to augment treatment efficacy expressly in advanced cases. Nevertheless, pelvic radiotherapy can cause vaginal morbidity comprising dryness, shortening and affecting sexual function. These treatments are important for successful survival consequences and organization disease-correlated symptoms. Objective of this study to assess complications from radiotherapy and chemotherapy in some female reproductive system cancers in addition to appreciate impacts on female reproductive health after treatment

Keywords

Cancer cervical ovarian Reproductive system Vagina

9

Determination of Toxoplasma Gondii Genotypes from Mice Inoculation as an Iraqi Strains(REVIEW)

Safa Ibrahim Jaber

Pages: 91-101 English

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Abstract

In this study, (50) mice were inoculated by Toxoplasma gondii Tachyzoitetaken from Amniotic Fluids and partially extracted placental in Alzahraa Hospital/ Diyala Province, during the period from February to October 2024. The results showed that The prevalence rate of Toxoplasmosis inoculated in mice according to the age 2 weeks was 14 (28.0%), 3 weeks was 17 (34.0%), and the prevalence rate 4 weeks, 5 weeks and 6 weeks was 4 (8.0%) respectively. Also, the distribution of Toxoplasmosis according to sex showed that prevalence rate in male was 30 (60%) and in female 20 (40%). The mean ±SD of IgM was (0.97±0.22) and mean ±SD of IgG was (1.30±0.24). The Mean±SD of IgM concentration in male was (0.89±0.29) and in female was (1.09±0.29) with significant variation (P=0.019). Also, the Mean ±SD of IgG concentration was (1.40±0.31) inmale and the Mean ±SD of IgG concentration was (1.20±0.32) in female with significant variation (P=0.024). The mean of IgM in the age 2 weeks was 14 (1.00±0.25 B), and in the age 3 weeks was 17 (0.89±0.22 B), and in the age 4 weeks was 9 (0.94±0.18 B),in the age 5 weeks was 6(1.01±0.15 AB), in the age (6) weeks was (1.21±0.06 A), with significant variation (P=0.043). A clonal (Type II) was identified in 48 (93.3%), and type I was identified in 9 (15.25%), while type III was identified in 2 (3.38%), and these findings are considered entero-zoonotic parasite and this case recorded in Iraq for the first time

Keywords

genotypes Iraqi Strains Mice Toxoplasma gondii

Dijlah Journal of Medical Sciences

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