Journal Dawat

This research studies a linguistic achievement in Surat Al-Qari’a that mixes pragmatics and semantics. Despite the shortness of this surah, it bears contextual linguistic representations starting with the intonation that became clear from the scenes to the semantic compactness that occurs in this surah. The sequences that came excites the reader about what will happen on the Day of Resurrection, as the entire surah refers to the future.

In the modern phonetic lesson, the modernists were able to stand on the sound phenomena and contemplate them carefully as well as explain the reasons accompanying the emergent transformations in the spoken sound chain, using modern phonemic laboratories that were prepared for them, and the sound rules in which they differed greatly from the forerunners.
However, they did not give the phenomenon of compensation in the light of modern phonology a great deal of interest in their studies, and they did not single it out with an independent study that shows the extent of convergence and difference between the ancient and modern phonemic lessons.
We cannot neglect what was written by the modernists who specialized in grammar or morphology in the phenomenon of compensation. This is because they wrote on it and found the overlap between it, substitution and representation alongside and other terms. Anyone who follows what they wrote will find it identical with what the forerunners wrote. The assertions are very few, while the modern phonemic lesson has diverged a lot in its assertions and expanded in the reasons behind the changes in the structure of the word in addition to the fact that the assumptions in the word structures were numerous among specialists in phonology, and this would greatly affect their phonetic orientation.
Keywords: compensation, weakening, deletion, sound, silent

This research aims to study the image of the epitaph of the woman according to an intellectual pattern centered on the duality of absence and presence. It stems from the idea of looking at women as a poetic theme. It traces the developmental stages of this topis and clarifies the vision of ancient Arab criticism of lamenting women that reveals a significant absence. Then, the lack of the interest in women’s lamentations within a chronological sequence in which this absence changes to present shyly. Later, it develops into an active presence with a serious interest in women’s lamentations. However, due to socio-cultural reasons and no matter how advanced the age is, the controversy of absence and presence hardly disappears as it appears in different forms from time to time.
It should be noted that this research is concerned with the study of women’s lamentations in the heritage of Arabic poetry to the extent required by the idea of the research since it deals with this topic within the framework of ancient Arabic criticism according to a research vision that mixes the past with the present. In order to continue and understand the recent research interest, the study benefited from the approach of reading and receiving.
Keywords: literary criticism, lamenting women, absence, presence

This research aims to examine the meanings of the aesthetic values of the grammatical and morphological systems in the first part of Al-Sharif Al-Radi’s Diwan, who benefits from the data of grammar and morphology as aesthetic tributaries that pour into his unique talent of expressing thoughts, so that his temperament and craftsmanship are combined in the birth of the poem.
To this end, this research is divided, after the introduction, into two parts: the first studies the aesthetics of grammatical phenomena, which in turn is subdivided into two branches: the first is concerned with what deviates from the rules agreed-upon. For example, when the subject comes in the form of connected pronoun, and when the predicate of the incomplete verb in verbal sentences precedes its noun, the deletion of the infinitive letter (أنْ), and the entry of F letter فاء on the answer located after the condition and the grammatical rank. As to the second branch, it is concerned with what falls under the rule, such as when the object of specification is defined by (the), when ‘ma’( ما), meaning what, come as a conditional for the adverb of time, when the predicate of ( لعل), meaning perhaps, is associated with the infinitive ‘if’(ان), the deletion of the construct in the genitive case, the substitution of the indefinite with the definite, and the advent of the exception preceded by a moral negation, the accusation of noun on the predicate ‘ma’ (ما) with the extra ‘ba’ب letter, the initiation of the circumstantial sentence with the ‘w’ letter (waw واو ) and the affirmative present sentence, the deletion of the adjective, and the addition of prepositions.
As for the second section, it studies the aesthetics of morphological phenomena, subdivided into two branches: the first is concerned with what deviates from the norm, such as the irregular plural, changing the genitive case (كسرة) of the verb into the objective case and changing its L‘Lam’ لامinto A ‘alf’ الف. The second branch is concerned with what falls under the rule and is distinguished by use such as shortening the extended and extending the short, making the connection, converting the hamzat of catting همزة القطع to joining one and the joining one into cutting one. Finally, and changing the accusative case into the nominative and genitive case, and the treatment of the imperfect noun in the accusative case as the nominative and genitive.
Keywords: the aesthetics of phenomena, grammatical and morphological, Al-Sharif Al-Radi.

The novel is a distinct literary genre in literary and cultural creativity. The novel as a literary text interacts with various other texts because it starts from its reality and interacts with it to form its literary and aesthetic form. When we focus in this research on the relationship between the interaction of the Iraqi novel with the historical aspect, it is necessary to draw data indicating the specificity of the historical aspect and how to employ it in the literary genre of fiction. This can be achieved through some narrative models and their impact on modern and contemporary thought in order to reveal the literary, intellectual and aesthetic aspects and engage in intellectual questions that shed light on the implicit side of Iraqi history from an open critical perspective, based on research and dialogue. The follower of the Iraqi novelist scene finds that working on history constitutes the cognitive obsession that guides the narrative discourse, through which access is made to narrative plots linking the past to the present, in an effort to reveal the relationship of the narrative imagination to the historical reality.
Keywords: novel and history, fictional novelist, historical novelist, novel and heritage.

The research aims to shed light on the study of the transformational generative theory, its application to the Arabic language, and to show the extent of its benefit, especially in the Qur’anic text.
The research comes into two parts, the first of which focuses on the transformational generative theory in the Arabic grammar, with reference to the stages that that theory went through, whereas the second one is an applied study on the introduction and delay in Surat Al-kahf (The Cave). Afterwards, the conclusion is presented that includes the most important results of the research.
Keywords: Advance, Delay, generative ,Transformational

This research revolves around the Iraqi novel, which was overwhelmed with pain after 2003. However, for the requirements of scientific research, we chose the title carefully since as it is not scientifically accurate to delve into manifold details such as the bifurcation of the topics of the Iraqi novel in the era under study. Thus, this research has been entitled as ‘the significance of the title in the Iraqi novel’ because it is not possible to delve into the merits of the Iraqi novel with all its struggles. It is found that the title is enough to clarify an important dimension of the novelistic idea in the period under study. In addition, delving into the articulations of the title with all its meanings may require a broader field of this brief research.

The theory of speech acts constitutes an integral part in the pragmatic theory. This theory arose due to the interest of many researchers in studying natural language in terms of its actual use. Falling into two sections, the research adopted the political speeches of the supreme religious authority as a source of data for investigation and analysis. The first section is devoted to the theoretical issues related to this theory, and the other is an applied study that shows that the preacher’s communicative competence that is embodied in his speech through his use of speech acts. In the conclusion, after the theoretical and applied topics, the results are presented followed by a list of the resources and references on which it relied.
Keywords: speech acts, political speeches, religious authority.

The religious issue is one of the most important intellectual topics that most of the poets dealt with politically, culturally and socially. Mr. Al-Humairi is one of those poets apparently dealt with thew religious issue, but implicitly he referred to the political issue for which he employed his poetry. Perhaps among the most prominent of these issues is that of taking away the caliphate from Imam Ali (peace be upon him). This is why the political pattern is present in his poetic discourse, especially in the two aspects of political exclusion and loyalty.
Keywords: the pattern, the cultural pattern, the pattern of political exclusion, the pattern of loyalty, Mr. Al-Hamiri.

Arabic has known since the first inception of grammatical replication a very prominent phenomenon, which is the phenomenon of the multiplicity of syntactic facets. What is meant by this phenomenon is that there is a Qur’anic reading, or a grammatical witness narrated by more than one syntactic face, as if it is answered by nominative and accusative or more than one picture.
The grammarian tries to work his mind to find a solution that secures an explanation that makes the studied mental state match the grammatical rules that his grammatical doctrine invokes. That is, the grammarian gives the grammatical situation to which the witness responds with an opinion that matches a well-known grammatical rule that makes the text an acceptable face in Arabic, permissible for its students. This is a kind of work of grammatical thought, and a means of resolving what may appear to be a conflict between the text and the grammatical rule. It is also what we touch by extrapolating the opinions that Mulla Sadra al-Shirazi tended to in his interpretation of the Noble Qur’an. The research attempts to shed light on some of these models.
Keywords: grammatical guidance, syntactic aspects

The research aims to shed light on a method of grammatical analysis adopted by grammarians in revealing the justifications for use in the structures that need intellectual realization so that the grammarian can arrive at a way that reduces confusion and stand on the reality of use in language. These uses justifies the speaker to use structures that do not depart from grammatical and semantic correctness in light of the general rules it contains. It has made the speech more precise so that it does not deviate from the use in the construction of grammatically unacceptable speech.
This method is the method of question and answer in its real and virtual grammar, which reveals the origin of the analysis in the language, which is the verbal exchange or rhetorical dialogue that represents the origin of communication in language. Further, this analysis the reveals the concept of social and pragmatic language. According to the research data, this method is no less important in analysis than other methods.
Keywords: An analytical grammatical study

This research seeks to solve a number of problems related to the relationship between times and events in the Qur’anic discourse and to address issues related to the so-called visceral times, or the ambiguity of time in the context. Among those problems: Why does time in some texts move forward, and delay in others? Do the temporal directions bear any indications of the progress of events forward, or their regression back? How can we adjust the course of events in the time horizons that are free of any indicators? Then the research uses concepts from pragmatic linguistics to solve these problems. This is because pragmatics works on those issues referred to and through its approach, the research will present temporal and facial analyzes on Qur’anic verses, aiming at regulating the relations between time and destination, arranging the course of events in them, and removing the confusion that the recipient of the text or discourse may understand. It will show that there are temporal destinations that bear indicators that reveal the directional course of events. There are also other destinations that are devoid of these indicators. Hence, it is necessary to invoke the context, components, or trading links to determine the temporal and chronological course of events.
Keywords: time, direction, interchangeability.

The research aims to reveal the national values of the Abbasid poets because they represent a supreme symbol and ideal example that the Abbasid poet is keen on. it is still to this day on its novelty, which we are in the greatest need for it and for those who inspires it for us and who works with it honestly and sincerely. Hence, it was the focus of this research and the pole of its interest.

This study, which is tagged with (the grammatical stipulation, its concept and term for the grammarians- the grammarians of the fourth century AH as a model-) seeks to clarify one of the concepts of the Arabic grammar, which is the grammatical stipulation, by clarifying its concept, definition and types, and explaining the difference between the terms condition and stipulation. There is also a display if the studies that tried to define condition and stipulation whole presenting some of the methods of using it. The research will also show the differences between the stipulation and some fundamentalist grammatical terms, such as the cause, the judgment, and the justification, taking into account and the fourth century grammarians has been chosen as a sample for this research
Keywords: grammatical stipulation, fourth century grammarians, conditional, stipulation.

This research, entitled with (Usage Formations of Verbs in the Qur’anic Structure in Al-Basra Research Journal for Human Sciences) comes to extrapolate the efforts of researchers in their Qur’anic grammatical discussions of this subject to reflect on the methodological features, looking at how the Qur’anic use of verbs and their formations, clarifying the differentiation between researchers in dealing with the subject, and describing their methodology, and the mechanism of their treatment of the Qur’anic applications that they monitored by description and analysis. In addition to making evaluation observations, and some critical references that appeared during the manifestation of what the researchers presented in light of the adoption of the descriptive analytical approach of the researchers' efforts in this research section.

Praise be to God, and prayers and peace be upon the Messenger of God, his family and companions, and those who are loyal to him, and beyond.
The accidental circles are among the features that indicate the genius of Al-Khalil bin Ahmed Al-Farahidi (d. 175 AH) and his mathematical mentality by linking the poetic seas with each other in five groups, which are the accidental circles, and what these circles contain of poetic injustices between used and neglected.
As for the used seas, they are known as the sixteen used seas, on which poets, ancient and modern, organized them.
The research touched on the relationship that connects the accidental circles with the neglected poetic seas and mentioned the opinions of the ancient and modern critics in this issue with linking them to the neglected words in the linguistic lexicons.