iklil for Humanity Studies

Amanuscript contains (message of junaid Al- Baghdadi) by unknown author many several sayings by leaders of Islamic Sufism that has presented in the book (mdarij alsaalikin fi rusum tariq alearifin) which has written by Abd Al wahab Al- sharawi this is the main source that the anthor depends on. The manuscript lacks of title and Iraqi manuscript house put its title (messbiting and adhering to the teachings of Islamic law and being alturstic. In addition to ensure the relation between fllower and his sheikh cas Sufism called himas the secret father and spiritual father who there is no one in his heart but sheikh and will gain exaltation from God.

Praise be to God, Lord of the Worlds, and may blessings and peace be upon the Master of Creation, Muhammad, and upon his good and pure family and his chosen companions.
Rhetoric was and still is one of the important sciences in our Arabic language because of its impact on speech and the speaker. Al-Badi’ is one of the sciences of Arabic rhetoric, which contributed greatly to the stability of Arabic rhetoric and its adherence to pronunciation and meaning. Al-Badi’ al-moral is one of the two sections of al-Badi’ (verbal and moral) and includes many improvements. Moral based on increasing the meaning of the word and its meaning.
Hence, I chose (Al-Badi’ al-Ma’awani) as the title of my research, and I applied it to a Qur’anic text. Because of this text’s rhetorical miracles throughout the ages, I chose (the blessed Surat Al-An’am); Due to the availability of evidence for this topic, my research was entitled ((The moral masterpiece in Surat Al-An'am)).
My research came in an introduction and two sections. The introduction came under the title (Al-Badi’), in which I presented Al-Badi’ and its linguistic and Qur’anic significance. Then I looked at the development of Al-Badi’ until it became established as a third science of rhetoric and its arts became established as well. Then I presented Al-Badi’ in contemporary rhetoric, in addition to examining the status of some of Al-Badi’’s arts. In contemporary textual studies.
The first section came under the title (Counterpart), in which I presented its concept, then I looked at the verses that included this Muhsin and the impact of this Muhsin on the Qur’anic significance. Then the second section came under the title (Contrast, Taking into account the counterpart) in which I presented the two Muhsin (opposition and consideration of the counterpart) and then I stopped at the verses that It included the interview and the impact of the interview on the Qur’anic text, then presented the verses (taking into account one’s counterpart) and demonstrated the effect of this benefactor on the moral significance of the aforementioned Qur’anic text.
The research reached many diverse results, including:
1- Al-Badi’ is one of the arts that cannot be dispensed with due to its connection with the meaning of the text and its words. Therefore, we found the moral masterpiece, for example, present in contemporary rhetoric as well as modern textual studies.
2- The moral innovation in (Surat Al-An’am) was intended in order to enhance the significance of the text and strengthen its meaning, and was not intended to be a moral improver only.
3-The variety of counterpoint in Surat (Al-An’am) varies between (contrast is a noun with a noun) and (contradiction is a verb with a verb).
4- The text of al-Tibaq contains many topics of semantics in order to strengthen the meaning. The verses of al-Tibaq included both (advancement and delay, shortening of both types, an adjective on a description and an adjective on an adjective, interrogatives with various purposes including - affirmation, negation, denial -, connection through union. The sentences in the news, as well as the union in meaning, as well as the connection through the union of sentences in construction - a command with a command, a command with a prohibition -, the style of the real imperative as well as the metaphorical one that came out to be permissible).
5- The text of the interview also included many topics of semantics, including (connecting in declarative sentences, interrogatives with metaphorical purposes, including - exclamation, reprimanding -), whereas the text of Irti’at al-Naḥīr included many of those topics, including (connecting with declarative sentences, separating the place of complete connection - Emphasis -, interrogative with my purpose - report, exclamation -), as well as the use of the adverbial conjunction (then).
These topics contributed to strengthening and emphasizing the moral meaning of the text.
6- The moral good deeds of Badi’ participated with each other in some verses in order to prove the meaning and the coherence and harmony of the text. (The correspondence was mentioned in the verses of counterpoint, and the counterpoint was mentioned in the verses of taking into consideration the counterpart.)

This research aims to identify the most important aesthetic values on which Arab criticism and Western thought are based in evaluating the artistic phenomenon. Whether this is at the level of the affected active subject, Or at the level of the aesthetic subject to determine its artistic characteristics that constitute its aesthetic structure that creates its distinction and uniqueness. This study was an attempt to re-distill the inherited critical linguistic activity in a new guise. And its roots in Arab and Western critics, This is done by deducing the aesthetic values that they took as a criterion for determining the beauty of the text, whether prose or poetic, through their writings in light of modern aesthetics in the field of the beauty of artistic

Briefing is one of the words that come to mind when you hear it, surrounding the thing from all its sides, including staring at the thing, and surrounding it physically. As for what was mentioned in the Holy Qur'an of words, it exceeded the perceived physical briefing to the meanings manifested in which the power of God, and his greatness in the gaze of things and surrounding them, and showed the ability of God Almighty and his empowerment, it is a briefing that exceeded what is going on in the minds to the indication of greatness, knowledge, mastery, oppression and destruction, either the briefing is related to himself Almighty, such as associated with the messengers and other human beings, can be within the material and moral briefing at the same time. As for the hereafter, it can be physical, because the torment is a material reality (according to what is mentioned in the interpretations), for intimidation and intimidation, and it can be moral in order to hold oneself accountable and return to the truth. However, our treatment of it does not exceed the linguistic significance, and the semantics that fragment from it.

This study reveals the storytelling style that the female writer hides behind to express her thoughts, feelings, and vision as a margin. The study of(( writing in stolen letters )) is based on the interpolation of the text and its analysis according to stylistic critical data. This does not mean that this experience has a one-sided stylistic characteristic, which represents the experience of the artistic storyteller isolated from its general context represented by the feminist narrative field in the Arab Gulf in general. That is why this study will be a living validation of some, if not all, Gulf feminist experiences. In the Arab literary scene, the narrative is often associated with the female, it means her life. As for poetry, it was associated with the man (the stallion); hence, this study sought to reveal the methods on which the woman writer is based; in order to determine the literary and Poetic Value Produced by the female narrative to express the female self; and to reveal the criterion for the success of the female writer's self when she expresses voices other than the female voice. That is why this study was busy tracking the writer's narrative and storytelling spaces, whether visual, poetic, or technical.

Morphological structures are among the topics that have received the attention of researchers in the past and present. The requirements of the times and modernity have made this structure more diverse and developed than other morphological structures. Users began to derive new weights and terms for it, and to give it new, undefined and unfounded names. The Holy Qur’an was full of names of instruments in use until now: such as the scale (Almizan), the lamp (Almisbah), the key (Almiftah), and others, and among them were those whose use was abandoned: such as the mansa, the sawa’, and others, and it contained what was measured, Or solid and rootless, like a stick (Alssa)or a coffin (altabut).
This study deals with the name of the instrument, starting from its linguistic root because “the fundamental study of any instrument or word requires historical knowledge of the roots of the language,” its phonetic harmony and its relationship to meaning, then it sheds light on the morphological structure and its relationship with what surrounds it in the Qur’anic context. This study reached The research led to multiple results and important insights, which were discussed in detail throughout, and we will summarize them in brief paragraphs at the conclusion. Note that the study did not include all the names of the instrument mentioned in the Qur’an. We have discussed the structure of the “mefaal” in previous research, which we will refer to when examining its examples in the research. In addition, the goal of the research is original and does not seek statistics..

Summary:
The connection between the Book of God Almighty and the Arabic language is as apparent as it can be seen, and as tight as it can be, and thus achieving an understanding of the Holy Qur’an - as its revelation intended - has become dependent on knowledge of the language and mastery of it because it is the language of the last heavenly book that addresses the people of the earth. It contains hidden meanings that are hidden only from those with understanding and experience with the structures of speech, and it contains secrets that are not revealed except to those with inspired hearts, and subtleties that are revealed only to those who have a clear mind, and gleams to which only those who are expert in the paths of grammar and deeply versed in the language and its paths can be guided.
This is what prompted scholars to study it with great caution and to confirm its connection to the Holy Qur’an, and pausing is one of the phonetic phenomena inherent in Arabic pronunciation. The subject gains its importance from many aspects, the most important of which is its connection to reading the Holy Qur’an, meditating on it to the fullest extent, and performing it with the correct performance in reading Quranic verses and clarifying places. Where the reader should end and where he should begin.
It arranges the structures of the Holy Qur’an in an order that is consistent with the aspects of interpretation and the integrity of the meaning, and removes ambiguity from the meanings of the verses by guiding the reader from where to start and where to stop, as he must be precise in stopping and starting, and most of the studies that dealt with this topic dealt with the common changes in The pause, and the difference in meaning resulting from the different positions of the pause, and the different rules and opinions that result from this difference, whether it represents an grammatical aspect or a verbal aspect, were not studied.

The Holy Koran is an important source of inspiration for scholars and researchers in various fields of science. It contains various sciences, including religion, language, natural and social sciences, etc., which open up vast prospects for in-depth studies and research. It could enrich understanding and guide researchers to creativity and innovation. The study of the Holy Koran is also of great importance, providing a profound understanding of the divine message and its instructions, as well as contributing to the strengthening of faith and belief in the same man.
The Holy Koran contains a large number of secrets and wonders, which show its greatness and miracle. This study examines one of these secrets, in Surah of Surah the Blessed, the Surah of the country, and in this blessed wall of dialects, linguistic secrets, illuminating signs and meanings, and grammatical, indicative and null methods that have been characterized by them. Through our research, using structural study, we will try to probe meanings, dive in clues, and stand up to the specificity of the methods used in the bracelet, from different linguistic aspects.
The research included two papers: first, the introduction to the country & apos; s bracelet; second, the name of the bracelet; third, the bounty of the bracelet and its characteristics; fourth, the spirit of the order of the bracelet; and sixth, the purposes and purposes of the blessed bracelet. The second research involves the structural study of the bracelet. The research concluded with a conclusion containing the main findings of the research, and a list of sources and references.

This research paper focuses on some aspects of the dialectic relationship between the center – the male -, and the margin – the female -, as documented by the writer Sana Sha’alan in her novels, particularly in two of them; (Adore Me) and (Forgetfulness Realized it).
In these two novels, the writer points out to some of the man’s behaviors and actions who the masculine culture has given him a lot of rights and characteristics at the expense of the woman. It has also granted the man the right to do things – even when they are sometimes wrong. In addition to that, this culture has worked to strip off the woman’s rights, and viewed her as if she was born to please the man and to achieve his desires, and that’s why she has fought so hard to prove herself and gain her rights.

The overlap between the local dialects influenced by the occupied dialect, as well as the classical Arabic language, which acquired a vocabulary different from what was found in their first dialect, or the classical language after the Islamic conquests, is the same as the overlap between the dialects of the tribes in the Arabian Peninsula, as it is not possible to consider the Arabic dialects. Contemporary, regardless of the influence of ancient Arabic dialects, the complexity or complexity of morphological issues is due to the difference in dialects, which affects the meters in terms of their structures, a clear effect on usage, and this is what led to the emergence of many morphological structures that do not conform to the laws of classical Arabic. This difference is attributed to its being affected by the phonetic changes resulting from the difference in dialects, which are described as anomalies.

The modern fictional arts have witnessed the introduction of an old term that is newly understood and named, which is the term semiotics, which in itself is one of the approaches adopted by the fictional art. The novel “The Ordeal of Kuro” is filled with many semiotic concepts, starting from the title and passing through the main and secondary characters of the novel, which gives the reader an incentive to... Imagine the events and their events over the course of the novel.

Beyond religious and historical narratives, the research began with the idea of delving into the poetic text and revealing the secrets of the poet’s relationship with the name of Adam and Cain and delving into it as a leadership situation having its own symbolism that the poet established in order for the poet to shed light on exemplary leadership styles and behaviors. However, what the poet dealt with was a description of the relationship between humans and prophetic leaders and among each other. The poet went on placing the blame on the father by emphasizing one thing over another, which assisted in highlighting the images of blood and brutality as describing it as an effective system prevalent among humans, placing them in a limited hierarchical hierarchy (a creature) unable to do anything. Elite prophets are leaders based on the divine capabilities and leadership support provided to them. God, the Creator and Leader, set goals for His prophets and leaders, whereof the poetic text began to show how a heavy legacy was left on the present of human beings, through the actions of earthly leaders and the tyranny, despotism, injustice, oppression, and confiscation of rights and freedoms they pursued with people. Thus, the poet’s endeavors came to reveal in detail, through his poetry blog, the leaders in all their diversity and all proven projects of democracy in one form or another that establish monopoly, obedience, and submission to leaders. The research exercised a deconstructive authority to highlight the intellectual paths of the poet who tried to destroy monopolies, slavery, and tyrannical leadership, and every obstacle or individual leadership restriction that confiscates, stifles, and subjects people’s ability to him.

This research studies the structures of transitive and intransitive verbs in the poetry of Al-Numan bin Bashir Al-Ansari (d. 64 AH), who had a great impact on Islamic life in Medina, and whose poetry was distinguished by the delicacy and softness of his words. This is because the poetry of the city differs from the poetry of the desert, which is characterized by its abundance and ease. Therefore, we find in his poetry the structures of transitive verbs more frequently than the structures of intransitive verbs, while the forms used in the two structures (transitive and intransitive) were more abstract than the augmented forms, and the augmented with one letter more than the augmented with two letters, and the augmented with two letters more than the augmented with three letters, and so on with the rest of the formulas. .

Praise be to god، lord of the worlds، and peace be up one our beloved prophet Mohammed and his family and companions، and peace be upon him abundantly.
As for after: This research aims to study the causes of abandonment in the flirtation of the poets of sects and almoravid poets، as the loving Arab poet lives between the two states of friendship and abandonment. He is either connected . He is near the beloved، or deserted complaining of rejection and symptoms in our research، we will address the state of a abandonment repelling spoiling and symptoms for various reasons in their poems، an attempt to compensate for the shortage they lived: They left poems distinguished by tenderness and smoothness expressed by psychological images that flow with ease of words and meanings represented by flirtations poems with distinct poetic. And we will stand in this research on those reasons for abandonment

Cultural heritage represents national collective memory, It reflects the customs and traditions of a community. It is combines the two parts of material and intellectual. Cultural heritage includes movable and immovable property of great importance to peoples cultural heritage, Such as archaeological sites, architectural, historical buildings of various kinds, archaeological and artistic artifacts. Cultural heritage is basic substrate in the lives of nations and peoples and plays an important role in connecting the present of these peoples to their past.
Protecting this cultural heritage is therefore a collective responsibility because there are many threats to destroy this cultural heritage, Including natural and human threats.
This study presents the role of international law and international agreements in protecting cultural heritage that is exposed to risks and threats during wars and crises.

The importance of studying this topic (Theodora and her political influence in saving the Byzantine Empire during the reign of Justinian I (518-565 AD) is considered one of the important topics in the history of the Byzantine Empire and in an important period in the history of the Byzantine Empire, as the sources differed about its origins and its homeland. Some praised it and others criticized it
Theodora, wife of Emperor Justinian I, one of the most famous Byzantine emperors, who ruled from 527 to 565. Theodora was crowned alongside her husband when he ascended the throne. She was his trusted and main advisor, and was largely considered his partner in rule during that golden period of history. Byzantine, and her great and serious influence on the course of events in an important period in the history of the Byzantine Empire and her saving the throne from loss, in addition to her achievements with regard to women’s rights remained clearer than any dispute, and some have considered her to be one of the first women in history, because she played a major role. And it was successful in proving its political effectiveness to save the Byzantine Empire from falling.

Muslims witnessed many contradictions in the fourth century AH / tenth century AD, which was represented by great turmoil in the aspects of political, economic and social life. These different situations had a great impact in crystallizing the activity of the Brotherhood of Safa, as they aimed to achieve political goals represented by revolution against the deteriorating political reality and replacing it. A new reality that aims to achieve human happiness in all aspects and fields. While the scientific and cultural prosperity and the spread of the ideas of Greek philosophy were widespread, the Ikhwan al-Safa began to explain their philosophy by looking at philosophical sources and books classified by ancient philosophers, such as Pythagoreanism and Neoplatonism.
In their letters, the Ikhwan al-Safa confirmed their quotation from all sciences and schools of thought, saying: “We are not hostile to any of the sciences, nor are we fanatical about any of the schools of thought, nor do we abandon any book from the books of the sages and philosophers that they wrote and composed in the arts of science, and what they extracted with their minds and examination of the subtle meanings. As for Our dependency, our dependency, and our foundation are based on the books of the prophets, may God’s blessings be upon them all, and the revelations they brought, and the news, inspiration, and revelations that the angels delivered to them Among these sciences they were interested in were the laws of physics.

The research touched on the economic and moral value of the precious gems in the works of Al-Jahiz. Al-Jahiz is a visual writer, one of the greatest writers of the Abbasid era. He lived and died in Basra in the year 255 AH. He wrote many works in literature, language, and economics. The research touched on the economic value of the precious gems mentioned by Al-Jahiz, which numbered eight gems. Explaining their types, qualities, and prices. Al-Jahiz had an economic vision based on determining the prices of gems through a number of factors, the most important of which is the purity of the essence and its rarity, which gives it the reason for its high price, in addition to the legal value of those precious gems. Consideration is looking at the facts of things and their meanings in order to know by looking at them something else of its kind, which he expressed. Al-Jahiz mentioned it by mentioning a group of historical examples, which are gifts from kings and princes in their official exchanges, which were presented in his book, Advantages and Disadvantages, and they are important examples from both an economic and historical perspective.

The Ayyubid state, which was founded in Egypt by Sultan Saladin al-Ayyubi, entered a new phase in its life after the death of its founder in the year (589 AH/1193 AD). It was represented by the struggle between the sons of the Ayyubid house for power. This struggle continued until the end of the life of their state in Egypt and the Levant, and as a result of the realization that... Muslim scholars faced this danger. They played their role in the path of reform and reconciliation between the Ayyubid kings. They harnessed all their capabilities to reconcile the conflict and made great efforts to unify the nation, to be united in the face of the enemies of the Muslims, especially the Crusaders. The aim of this study is to shed light on the position of the scholars. Of these conflicts and highlighting their role and efforts in resolving political disputes between the Ayyubid kings .

Ring inscriptions represent an important space in Islamic history, due to their entry into the administrative field first, in addition to being one of the manifestations of society’s adornment, and their penetration into the field of documenting official and personal correspondence. Religious connotations occupied a large proportion of ring inscriptions at this stage, due to the religious character of faith that characterized them. In it, as the inscriptions of preaching and piety represented a large part of them, and the social aspect had a clear impact on their inscriptions, such as mentioning their names or titles on the inscription, and administrative connotations were added to the inscriptions of the rings, especially for those who held an administrative position among them.
The research reached several results, including: that the inscriptions on Muslim rings are considered one of the cultural manifestations that characterized the eras of the Message and Al-Rashidi, and that the inscriptions on the rings appeared at a late stage during the presence of the Prophet, may God bless him and grant him peace, in Medina, because the correspondence that took place between the Messenger of God, may God bless him and grant him peace, and the rulers was After the conquest of Mecca and the Prophet’s control over the Quraysh, environmental aspects such as the vocabulary of the plant and animal environment influenced the inscriptions of the Muslims, so trees, birds and other animals were among the inscriptions of the Muslims until the end of the Rashidun era

Our research is simple, which deals with the scientific and cultural aspects, science and knowledge, and how they were transmitted to Europe, since Islamic history was full of much cultural creativity. Muslim scholars, throughout their long history, were honorably active in the various fields of civilization, and from that great activity emerged a great cultural entity that contributed to the progress of... Humanity for the better, and the Andalusians made abundant efforts and clear efforts in this activity, as the (fourth century AH / tenth century AD) witnessed in Andalusia comprehensive cultural activity in all aspects of human activity, including, of course, the scientific field.

Political appeasement is considered one of the most common phenomena in the Arab Islamic state in the Abbasid era. It was practiced at various levels, and its demonstration differed according to the purposes and meanings for which it was used. Political appeasement of military leaders and soldiers appeared as an effective weapon, as they formed one of the most important pillars of political life. Therefore, the Abbasid caliphs realized the importance of appeasing them and gaining their loyalty to the Caliphate.
In our research, we have shed light on political-military appeasement, which included appeasing both the army leaders and the soldiers. Appeasing the army leaders came by granting them titles and appeasing them with fiefs, gifts, and grants in appreciation of their efforts and great services that they provided to the Abbasid Caliphate, while appeasing the soldiers came by granting them fiefs. Gifts, donations, and increased salaries in order to calm their anger and convince them to stand by the Abbasid Caliphate and gain more supporters and supporters.

This research deals with the issue of religious minorities in Jerusalem, the position of the Ottoman Empire towards them during the reign of Sultan Selim I and his son, Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent, and the Ottoman Empire’s treatment of religious minorities present in the city of Jerusalem during the period between 1516 and 1536. Jerusalem is considered a holy city for the three monotheistic religions (Islam, Christianity, and Judaism), and is famous for its multiculturalism and the diversity of its population.
The research focuses on analyzing the policies and behavior of the Ottoman Empire towards religious minorities in Jerusalem during the specified period. The religious, cultural and social practices of different religious minorities, such as Christians, Jews and other religious groups present in the city will be studied. Available historical sources and documents will be reviewed to understand the Ottoman position on religious minorities at that time, and to analyze the political, social and cultural impacts of those policies on religious minorities and on life in Jerusalem in general.

This study aims to examine what the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) forbade in social life, This study revealed the plots hatched by the polytheists against the Prophet (pbuh) and the ways in which they endeavoured to eliminate the Prophet (pbuh) and the polytheists used many methods to harm the Prophet (pbuh), They used to say, This is a magician, a madman, a poet and a priest, and mocking him .
The characteristics of discrimination between people,which are forbidden by Allah, abhorred by the Islamic religion and forbidden by the Prophet (S), have emerged, And about hurting, degrading and belittling your fellow Muslims, What the Prophet (S) forbade at Khaybar .
The study also showed the polytheists' hatred towards the Prophet (pbuh), Due to the leniency of many Muslims in the field of mocking religion and dividing people, The nation must return to the religion of Islam in word and deed in all areas of private and public life .

The continental shelf issues between neighboring or opposing states have had a significant impact on relations between them, due to their aspiration to benefit from the natural resources located within their territorial waters, which has created a state of tension in relations between states to dispute over their dependent areas. The problem of the continental shelf between Libya and Malta was one of those issues that caused tension in relations between them, and international institutions intervened to solve it.
Relations between the two countries developed clearly, after the overthrow of the monarchy in 1969, and the new regime tried to remove the countries of the region from the influence of major countries, Libya provided various assistance to Malta until 1980, but those relations witnessed by the beginning of the Eighties of the twentieth century, a clear tension, after the emergence of the problem of the continental shelf between the two countries, and in 1982, after the ratification of the agreement concluded between the two states in 1976, one of the articles of which provided for The problem was referred to the International Court of justice in The Hague, and the latter began its proceedings, and within a period of three years, the court reached the final decision in 1985.
The research deals with the study of this problem through six axes, the first Axis Focused on the definition of the continental shelf, its concept and its laws, while the second axis dealt with the historical communication between the two countries before 1980, while the third axis focused on the details of the problem, the fourth axis highlighted the intervention of the UN Security Council to solve the problem, up to the fifth axis, which followed the referral of the case to the International Court of justice and ways to solve it until its decision on the problem in 1985, while the Sixth Axis traced the impact of that problem on bilateral relations between the two countries during the study period.

The aim of the research is to shed light on the position of the House of Representatives from the economic policy of Iraq for the period 1953-1958، as the Parliament witnessed many debates on this subject. The Council's position was honorable. He called on the government to do everything in its power to revive the citizens and improve their economic conditions. And called on successive governments to take bold positions، especially in the areas of taxes and services، the researcher found that the Council has warned successive governments to mismanagement of the economic file of the country، and perhaps the deputies felt the state of discontent that prevailed at the time and that Goodyear is coming، and our governments today to take notice of it and take the desired importance of economic issues

The government of the Kingdom of Iraq sought to held an air agreement with other countries of the world to develop the political and economic Iraqi relationship on the basis of the mutual benefit and with the aim of expanding and access an external airlines and opening new ai lines which it seeks to reach advanced countries and develop work of air transport institutions، due to its special importance in the Iraqi national economy. The issue of the organization of airlines was not limited to the internal level only، as the air agreements held by Iraq had a role in organizing it at the external level، which constitutes a link between the countries of the world، this study (the international air agreements with the Kingdom of Iraq during the period (1949-1958)) is a historical study، it is a continuation of the studies that dealt with trade and economic agreements، The researcher deals with the most important topics in air transport، which are the air agreements that have a major role in developing the activity of Iraqi Airlines. The researcher reviews through this study to shed light on the air agreements that the Iraqi government held with a group of countries in the last decade of the royalist era between Years 1949-1958.