Risalat al-huquq Journal

Electronic contracts are considered one of the global variables imposed by the revolution of technological progress, as they have become one of the pillars of the global economy, as most legal systems recognize the principle of freedom of the parties to choose the law to be applied to their contract, by including a condition in the contract in which the parties specify the law to be applied to the contract concluded between them. This is called the condition of legislative jurisdiction, and the expression of will is explicit if the contracting party reveals this will.
If the parties to electronic commerce contracts conducted via the electronic network do not explicitly agree to choose the law that governs their contract, the competent judge must strive to determine the law that must be applied to the contract, given what the contracting parties intended. Here the judge wanted it, not the contracting parties.
Here, the judge determines the law that is most closely related to the contractual bond, either by assigning that bond to rigid controls, i.e., rigid attribution, or by assigning it to flexible controls derived from the intrinsic nature of the contract. It can be said that determining the law applicable to contracts concluded over the Internet is difficult to determine due to the difficulty of determining all the legal aspects of the contract

To begin with, the phenomenon of career deviation in the public service is a global phenomenon, and almost no country is devoid of it due to its importance at the international, regional and local levels within the geographical scope. At the same time, it constitutes a fundamental obstacle to the process of administrative development in various fields, including political, social and economic, and in Iraq after the process of positive development took place. The change occurred in the nature of the political system in 2003, and the functional administrative deviation was one of the results of this change in the Iraqi state It became a scourge that ravaged the body of the entire Iraqi state and across its governmental institutions, which resulted in obstruction of governmental development efforts and the spread of the phenomenon of societal poverty with a loss of trust between the citizen and the state, as our Iraqi society was engulfed by its fire and it became a dangerous phenomenon that should not be underestimated, so our Iraqi legislator rose up to address it. Legally, judiciously and judiciously, by forming an independent body with its own legal personality and financial and administrative independence from the three authorities in the state (legislative, executive and judicial through legal reasoning, some of the important topics that have been