Journal of Physical Education

The aim of the research is to build a measure of the efficiency of the level of administrative performance of the managers of sports talent in terms of the working employees, and to identify the level of their efficiency from the point of view of the employees working in these centers. It is the extent of the efficiency of the level of administrative performance of the managers of athletic talent in succeeding in their management of the centers for the care of sports talent, and the research community was identified from the employees working in the centers for the care of sports talent, which numbered (329) employees, and the research sample was chosen from the research community itself, and the researchers conducted the process of statistical analysis of phrases The scale to ensure the availability of the scientific conditions for the scale represented by honesty and reliability, and the scale consists of ( 33) phrase, applied to the research sample, and the two researchers concluded that the directors of talent nurturing centers enjoy a level of performance is below average, and it needs development programs that contribute to evaluating the work of managers, and that the strategic plans developed by the Ministry for these centers must take into account the development programs for managers and employees.

Environmental changes are forcing the sports leaders to cope with by monitoring changes, creating a future vision for the sports organization’s objectives, and working to deliver them to the followers in their capacity as implementers of the leader’s thought, especially since the human element is the most important resource of the organization’s resources that contributes so as to achieve its objectives. It is important to have leaders who have a clear vision of the objectives of the sports organization and the behavior of the individuals with whom it deals with, especially since behavior is difficult to control because it is affected by emotions and feelings. The effective leader is the one who can move the behavior of the followers towards performing the work entrusted to them with high efficiency. Visionary leadership has become a prerequisite for making good decisions. The importance of the research lies in addressing the topic of visionary leadership, which is relatively new in administrative thought in general, and accompanying it as a leadership for the members of the Athletics Federation. The research aims to identify the level of visionary leadership in the Athletics Federation from the point of view of the coaches. The researchers used the descriptive method with the survey method.
The research community consisted of athletics coaches. They numbered (178) coaches. The researcher chose (100) coaches to represent the sample. The researcher concluded that there is a visionary leadership for the Iraqi Athletics Federation, but in a somewhat moderate manner, and that the presidents and members of the Iraqi Athletics Federation need to have a perspective on the future. The researcher recommends strengthening and developing the vision possessed by visionary leaders by holding discussion circles with their colleagues on a topic and searching for new ideas on which to base their new visions.

The importance of the research is the use of auxiliary tools in addition to preparing special exercises and knowing their impact on learning some badminton skills, as well as the use of auxiliary tools reduces the teaching time and reduces the effort exerted by the teacher and the learner in the education process. And the inability to perform the basic skills correctly, so it was necessary to use auxiliary tools and exercises designed to help students in learning some badminton skills, as the study aimed to design exercises using auxiliary tools in learning some badminton skills. Statistical significance between the pre and post tests for the control and experimental groups in learning some skills in badminton, in addition to that there are statistically significant differences between the control and experimental groups in the post tests in learning some skills in badminton for female students, and the research community represents first-stage female students in the College of Physical Education and Science The pre-tests and the exploratory experiment were conducted on the students of the first stage, after which s The researcher applied the educational curriculum, then conducted the post-tests, collected the results and processed them statistically, and the researcher came out with several conclusions, the most important of which are the exercises designed using the auxiliary tools that had a major role in controlling the performance of some badminton skills of the experimental group.

The current research aims to build a measure of competitive driving behavior of a handball coach from the point of view of the players of first-class clubs in Iraq to be able to know the behavior of each coach during the events of the matches and to know the strengths and weaknesses of that behavior, After the two researchers reviewed the metrics and literature in the subject of sports management and organization, which presented the topic of leadership behavior, it was noticed that there is an urgent need to study this behavior during sports competition, and everything related to the events of the match and more accurately, away from variables outside the sports competition because of its significant immediate impact on the performance and results of the team, And here the problem of research lies in knowing the behavior that coaches follow with the players during the competition in order to reach the goals, and the purposes that he seeks to succeed, and the descriptive approach was used in a survey way to suit the nature of the problem, as the research sample consisted of players of first-class clubs for a period from 1-1-2023 until 1-4-2023. The researchers concluded that handball coaches in the first division possess a good level of leadership during sports competition due to the accumulated experience, as the researchers recommended conducting a similar study of the subject with different samples.

Sports marketing has established itself over the last three decades not only as a very special form of marketing, but also as a subject of research. However, it is quite surprising that the nature of sports marketing is relatively unknown, as different definitions of sports marketing seem to indicate. In fact, there is currently no universally agreed-upon definition of sports marketing, and views on the subject are quite divergent. This paper examines the nature of sports marketing and therefore seeks to contribute to the ongoing discussion as to whether sports marketing is any different from principal marketing or just a modified version Three distinct definitions of sports marketing are discussed at the outset. Then the unique characteristics of sports and sports marketing are described followed by the implications for sporting organizations, companies involved in sports marketing, and sports marketing academics. The paper concludes with a summary of the concept of sports marketing that illustrates the very special nature of sports marketing both verbally and graphically.
The mission of sport marketers is to raise brand awareness of the products and services available to consumers, regardless of the nature and level of sports, which are all necessary to boost events’ attendance and generate excitement. For a successful marketing, sport marketers must first conduct a thorough consumer research analysis to learn about the target audience’s needs, motivations and interests pertaining to the promoted product or service. When a business is enthusiastic about satisfying its clients and seeks to establish enduring connections that benefit the business and its stakeholders, that is a sign of an effective marketing strategy. (Kotler & Keller, 2011). Traditionally, the marketing mix consists of the following four elements: product, price, place, and promotion.

This study aimed to identify psychological stress and its relationship to achievement motivation among Saudi football coaches in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, as well as to identify the level of psychological stress and achievement motivation among Saudi coaches. In additional, to identify the statistically significant differences between the level of stress and motivation according to the variables (training experience, training license). The study used the descriptive approach using survey mothed. The study sample consisted of (132) Saudi coaches. To collect the study information, the researcher used the scale of psychological stress and achievement motivation. The results of the study showed that the level of psychological stress on Saudi football coaches in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia was average in all aspects, except for the senior management aspect of the team with a high degree. The results of the study also showed that the motivation towards achievement among the Saudi coaches in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia was a large degree. This study also found that there is an inverse correlation between psychological stress and motivation for achievement among the Saudi coaches in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, and there are no statistically significant differences between the level of stress according to the variables (training experience, training license). Finally, this study recommends that, the coach must work according to his abilities and in proportion to the tools available to him, and set appropriate goals for these abilities in order to be able to avoid psychological stress.

Background: Regular exercise provides benefits that are beyond dispute, and promoting physical activity levels ought to be a primary focus at all levels of healthcare. Chronic exercise causes a variety of cellular and organismal changes that modify how the body processes all macronutrients, including lipids.
Purpose: The study investigates different types of aerobic exercise and their impact on both types of cholesterols—low-density-lipoprotein and high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol and recommends the best protocol for regulating cholesterol levels.
Design/Methodology/Approach: This mixed-method study analyzes survey questionnaires distributed among physicians from two different sites in Oman. A total of 60 randomly selected and complete samples were used for the analysis using the Chi-square test. The survey consists of demographic information and questions about the types of cholesterol and types of aerobic exercise and the effect of different kinds of aerobic exercise on cholesterol levels.
Finding: The study’s findings demonstrate a statistically significant reduction of cholesterol levels through 20-30 minutes of aerobic exercise (walking, swimming, and running). The relationship between aerobic exercise and cholesterol levels vis-a-vis age and gender is not statistically significant. Furthermore, this study recommends the best protocol for regulating cholesterol levels.
Research implications: The study has wider implications for future studies in wellness rhetoric in the Arab Gulf States. The outcome is on the wellness discourse which has mass level impact. The rhetoric of wellness programs has a buy-in potential for the Arab Gulf States sitting on the cusp of lifestyle-based diseases, including blood pressure and diabetes.
Originality/value: With hardly any extant research in this field in Oman and some sporadic studies in Arab Gulf states, this study establishes its originality, exigency, and value addition in the repertoire of wellness programs in Oman and the Arab Gulf States.

The research problem is crystallized by the spread of injury to the external collateral ligament of the knee joint among young handball players, in addition to the reluctance of most players from rehabilitation programs. The research aims to prepare special intensive exercises to rehabilitate second-degree external collateral ligament tears in young handball players and to identify their effect. It is assumed that the research found that there were statistically significant differences in all variables of the study. As for the research sample, they were chosen intentionally and numbered (6) young handball players with torn external collateral ligaments for the period between (8/2/2023) and (15/10/2023) and they are homogeneous in the degree of injury, second-degree tear. The researchers used the statistical package (SPSS) to process the data statistically. According to the results collected, it was concluded that the intense special exercises had a positive and effective effect in the return of injured young players to the playing field, as it contributed to the return of strength. The muscles surrounding the joint and its range of motion are as close as possible to the normal state. They recommended using these exercises as guidance for rehabilitating those injured in other sports.

The aim of the research is to identify the numerical values of the muscles working and affecting the lifting of the ((Bench Press)) and the percentage of their participation, as well as to identify the significance of the differences between the pre-tests and the post-tests for the disabled powerlifting players. The researchers used the one-group experimental approach due to its suitability to the nature of the study problem, and they chose the research community of the disable powerlifting player with for the sports season (2022/2023) and the (4) players representing the national Iraqi team for disable powerlifting, and they represented 100% of the research sample. They took a comprehensive enumeration method, and special tests were conducted on them in the powerlifting and weightlifting hall of the Iraqi National Paralympic Committee, and after analyzing and discussing the results, the two researchers concluded that there are significant differences between the pre and post tests and in favor of the post tests for the research group because of the specific exercises prepared for this purpose. based on that, the two researchers recommend conducting extensive studies of this sport event and paying attention to studying the working muscles directly for the players in order to avoid their exposure to injury and avoid Waste of time and effort, as well as knowing the level of force production with these muscles and see it depending on the size of the muscle to increase the proportion of its participation in the lift.

The posterior muscle tear injury is one of the most common football injuries in the world and in Iraq in particular, as failure to study it and develop appropriate physical and rehabilitation programs for it based on solid scientific foundations will lead to the injury recurring again, and this leads the player to leave the field and be deprived of playing in the field. In the future, she must recover well. Since football requires changing direction and relying on one leg in some cases of play, jumping and speed, as well as turning, stopping directly, and many other movements that occur during matches and training, these movements cause effort on the muscle itself, the tendon and the ligament. Most players and coaches pay attention to training the quadriceps and do not pay attention to training the back muscle, and this leads to an imbalance between the front and back muscles, which leads to injury and its recurrence. The primary goal of the research is to identify the effect of combined physical and rehabilitative exercises for a ruptured posterior muscle in football players. The study was conducted on a sample of players with a ruptured posterior muscle, whose ages ranged from (17 to 23) years, and their number reached 6 patients. The researcher used the experimental method to measure the pretest for one group. The researcher used the statistical method SPSS. The researcher concluded that the physical exercises that the researcher developed in the physical and rehabilitation curriculum had a significant impact on developing the physical research variables. The researcher also concluded that the training methods he put into the program had a positive impact in improving the research results, such as the static and dynamic muscle training method.

This research seeks to study the role of proactive leadership as an essential element that helps all federations that lead the wheel of sports, including the Iraqi Handball Federation, so that it builds a correct environment that helps manage the organizational errors that the Handball Federation may fall into, and this in turn helps in early detection of errors and obstacles that may occur. It is likely that the Federation will fall into the process of managing and organizing the Iraqi Handball League, in addition to increasing the clubs’ ability to assist the Iraqi Handball Federation by being proactive so as not to make mistakes. The research community included the administrative bodies of the clubs participating in the Iraqi Elite Handball League. They are (the club’s representatives in the Union - the team supervisor - coaches - administrators) and their number is (90), for the season (2023-2024) and their number is 15 clubs: the police, the army, the Popular Mobilization Forces, Diyala, the municipality of Basra, Kufa, Al-Taawoun, Karbala, Kut, Al-Musayyab, the Arabian Gulf, Al-Karkh, Al-Fatwa, Naft Maysan, and Nasiriyah. The exploratory sample was (10), the construction sample was (80), and the application sample was (90) people. The researcher concluded that there is a positive relationship between proactive leadership and organizational error management for the Iraqi Handball Federation. The results also indicate the availability of proactive leadership in the Iraqi Handball Federation to a moderate degree. Therefore, the researcher recommends activating the effect of proactive leadership on managing organizational error through union members acquiring proactive leadership behavior because it bears fruit. Accordingly, it is necessary for the union’s senior management to pay greater attention to working to spread an idea of how to manage organizational error in how to deal with errors that occur in an environment. Work because of its impact on the effectiveness of union members

The importance of research has crystallized in building obstacle running training in order to raise the special physical abilities of female runners in order to achieve success. Then we can find a training method that participates in raising the level of effectiveness for the better. The aim of the research is to identify the special physical abilities and to complete the 400 m hurdles for young women, as well as to Preparing hurdle-running exercises for the different stages of running, and identifying the effect of these exercises on specific physical abilities and achievement. The researcher used the experimental method by designing two equal control and experimental groups. The research population was determined intentionally from young female 100-meter runners, as the sample was divided into two groups, a control group and its number (4) Female runners and an experimental group (4). The experimental sample group was chosen by lottery from among (8) female runners. The training with this approach was correct and there was development in that effectiveness at the level of the experimental sample. This does not mean that the training of the control group was incorrect and no noticeable development occurred at the level of the control sample.

The research aims to identify the level of some learning outcomes (trends, cognitive achievement, skill performance) For weightlifting, we have students after the faculties of physical education and sports sciences in the Kurdistan region of Iraq, and knowledge of the differences in learning outcomes (trends, cognitive achievement, skill performance, and weightlifting among students of some faculties of physical education in the Kurdistan region of Iraq. The researcher used the descriptive approach in the method of causal comparison to suit it with the nature of the research problem The researcher used a number of means to collect information and tools Identified a community for research students of the second academic year in the faculties of physical education universities (Sulaymaniyah, Halabja, Turmian) numbering (125) students. As for the research sample, their number reached (98) students, and conducted exploratory experiments for the research variables, after determining their own standards and conducting the main experiment, and after obtaining the data, the electronic statistical bag system was used to process the data, The researcher reached the following conclusions: After processing the data statistically, the researcher concluded the following:
- (The attitudes of students of the Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences to the universities of (Sulaymaniyah, Garmian, Halabja) towards a weightlifting lesson were positive
- The cognitive achievement of students of the Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences at the university included in the research was good
- The level of the members of the research sample and the three colleges was good in the skill performance of my elevation (netter and kidnapping)
- The absence of significant differences for the research variables (trends, cognitive achievement, performance tasks) between the individuals and the research sample and the three samples

This research aims to identify the extent of the effect of a rehabilitation and physical program on meniscus resection for football players. The researcher used the experimental method with one experimental group for pre- and post-measurement, and the sample number was 7 patients Of football players whose ages ranged from (18 to 24 years), the researcher used the front muscle strength test, standing on one leg, the back muscle strength test, the Balsom agility test, and the balance test. The physical program lasted 10 weeks. The rehabilitation program contained 30 strength training units in the Iron Hall, which included three units per week. The unit time was 50-60 minutes. The program also contained two rehabilitation units in the aquatic environment, with a total of 20 rehabilitation units. The program also contained exercises The balance was 30 rehabilitation units. The researcher used the statistical method SPSS The most important conclusions were the presence of a significant statistical significance between the results of the pre- and post-tests, in favor of the post-tests. The researcher recommends conducting future studies on the criteria for returning to competition, and to be guided by the program Physical and scientific tests used in research that played a role in moving from one training stage to another.

The research aimed to prepare a measure to evaluate the academic achievement of graduates working in the field of physical education from their point of view, to identify the extent to which graduating students benefit from the curriculum of the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, University of Baghdad/Al-Jadriya, and to identify the impact of academic subjects in the practical and theoretical fields. The researchers used the descriptive approach in the research procedures as it is an appropriate approach in achieving the research objectives. The following questions are: What are the academic subjects that have the most impact on graduating students? What are the academic subjects that have the least impact on the areas of their lives after graduation, Of two axes, the first axis (15) paragraphs, the second axis (12) paragraphs. The research community included students from the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences / University of Baghdad / Al-Jadriyah from the graduates. A 30% proportional random research sample was chosen, amounting to 110 male and female students, and the number of students in the fourth stage reached 2022 -2023 (362) male and female students.

The research aimed to identify the level of reality of the administrative values of sports activities in the faculties of the University of Baghdad from the point of view of administrative leaders related to the divisions and units of student activities, and the case study method was adopted from the descriptive approach, on a randomly selected sample of (251) individuals representing (53.291%) of the original community represented by the administrative leaders related to the work of sports activities in the formations of the University of Baghdad who continue their official working hours for the academic year (2022/2023), and they are both the president and members of the College Council, And the rapporteurs of the branches / departments, and the officials of the quality assurance and continuing education divisions, whose total number is (471) individuals, and they are distributed by nature among (24) colleges of these administrative formations, It is on the basis that they are the community of the phenomenon surveyed in the research problem themselves, and the survey sample was randomly selected by (10) individuals by (2.123%) of the research community, and the scale of administrative values of sports activities was adopted, and experimented exploratory and then conducted the survey and processed the results with the (SPSS) system to be the conclusions and applications that the divisions and units of student activities have an acceptable level of administrative values for sports activities from the point of view of administrative leaders in the formations of the University of Baghdad, and the point of view of administrative leaders in the formations of the University of Baghdad achieved a level Raising the level of administrative values of sports activities needs attention to supporting the values of competition and investing opportunities in the divisions and units of student activities from the point of view of administrative leaders in the formations of the University of Baghdad, and it is necessary to work to enable workers in the divisions and units of student activities to raise the level of competition values and invest opportunities that increase the level of administrative values of sports activities.

The study aimed at the possibility of breaking the adjustment in the body muscles that are relevant to the volleyball player in terms of connectivity in the development of motor velocity through extreme and ultra-maximum force exercises. The researchers used the experimental method to solve the search problem. (24) A player in deliberate style, and the two researchers used several tools and methods, and this vocabulary was sunk for a period of.(4) weeks, 3 modules per week and 12 modules, 1 module time.(90 minutes) Motor speed measurement tests were used because of their importance in achieving the player's goal of exercise and the overwhelming strike test, which measures the performance level of offensive skills in volleyball. Tests were conducted before and after the use of extreme and super-maximum force exercises

The flipped classroom is a teaching strategy used to improve the learning experience for students. This strategy is implemented in classrooms by giving students responsibility for learning and discovery and shifting the active role in learning from teachers to students. The flipped classroom is used in education with a variety of educational fields, including mobile learning. The aim of this study was to find out the effect of using the flipped classroom with mobile learning technology on the level of performance of some skills in gymnastics for students of the Physical Education Department (PED). The study sample consisted of (36) students from PED, who had no experience in the skills under study. The experimental method with a design was used. The study group consists of two groups, control and experimental, of equal numbers. The research was applied during the first semester of 1443 AH for a period of (12) weeks, with three educational units for each skill, preceded by a week of pre-measurements and post-measurements. The results showed significant differences between the dimensional measurements of the two groups, in favor of the experimental group. The use of the flipped classroom with the mobile learning technique had a significant improvement in teaching the gymnastics skills to the experimental group compared to the control group that used the traditional method. The researcher recommends the need to use the flipped classroom with mobile learning technology in teaching gymnastics skills on different devices and in teaching different individual and group sports skills.

The aim of the research is to build and standardize the physical fitness measurement test for students applying to the Faculty of physical education and Sports Sciences /University of Baghdad and finding standard levels and grades for them. The researchers used the descriptive method in the survey method to suit the research problem, and the research community was represented by the students of the first stage at the Faculty of physical education and Sports Sciences, University of Baghdad for the academic year 2022-2032, numbering (351) students. As for the research sample, it was represented by (280) students after excluding cases of repetition, postponement and teachers. The researchers concluded that the physical fitness measurement test for students applying for admission to the Faculty of physical education and Sports Sciences, University of Baghdad, achieved the purpose for which it was designed and reached the development of grades and standard levels for the physical fitness test for students applying for admission to the Faculty of physical education and Sports Sciences, University of Baghdad.The two researchers recommended the adoption of the physical fitness Measurement Test prepared by the two researchers at the Faculty of physical education and Sports Sciences, University of Baghdad.

The aim of the research is to identify the impact of the blended learning strategy for those with outstanding performance in learning the skills of transmitting and receiving volleyball for students, as well as knowing the preference in the effect between the two groups (experimental and control). (I used with it the strategy used by the teacher) on a homogeneous sample of fifth preparatory students, numbering (24) students, who were chosen through the two measures of distinguished motor performance for the skills of sending from above (tennis) and receiving from the bottom of the research community consisting of (150) students After excluding a number of students in the School of Literary Newspapers for Boys in Baghdad Governorate - Al-Karkh II, the two skills of forwarding facing from the top (tennis) and receiving transmissions from the bottom were chosen by the researchers, and they conducted the exploratory experiment on a sample of (10) students from (with distinguished motor performance ) for the two aforementioned skills from the research community and from outside the research sample, they were chosen through the two measures of distinguished motor performance for these two skills, then they conducted pre-tests to ensure the equivalence of the two groups, to start with the main experiment from one starting point, and after applying the educational units amounting to (12) educational units at an average One educational unit per week for each group, after which the post-tests were conducted under the same conditions as the pre-tests. After processing the data statistically, the two researchers reached the most important conclusions: There is a positive effect (of the blended learning strategy) and (the strategy used by the teacher) in learning the skills of sending from above (tennis) and receiving from below in volleyball in the research sample, in varying proportions. There is a preference for blended learning strategy over the strategy used in learning these two skills.

The importance of research lies in the results of this research and its importance in developing the performance of coaches if committed, which in turn will lead to higher overall performance in the Iraqi Basketball League the research aims to identify the reality of empowerment among the coaches of the Iraqi Basketball Federation and employees of the Iraqi clubs, The research sample consisted of Iraqi Basketball Federation coaches and staff at Baghdad Clubs who were commissioned in the years (2018, 2019, 2020, 2021) Training basketball teams in Iraq clubs, and their number was (110). The research tool for gathering information was a questionnaire that the researcher built, subjected to scientific requirements, and presented to the experts until it became final. The researcher reached several conclusions, the most important of which is that the management used by the clubs is bureaucratic management that believes in confining authority to senior management and that all areas of empowerment (Information, power participation, development, and training) need to be strengthened, and one of the most important recommendations recommended by the researcher is to establish clear criteria and information for everyone on everything about choosing (assistants, players, camps, training halls, fixtures, tournaments, friendly matches) and other logistics.

The research is summarized by finding the body mass index of secondary school students in the center of Nineveh Governorate from the first to the sixth grade, which is extracted through measurements of height and weight. The BMI is a mathematical value that is extracted from dividing the weight in kilograms by the square of the height in meters. It is for adults. Curves have been developed for children up to 18 years of age. BMI helps to calculate the fat mass index, which expresses obesity. The research aims to identify the curves of the body mass index in the research sample and to identify the descriptive picture of this indicator, which gives those in charge of the educational and health process helps them in preparing curricula and treatments that guarantee the health status of the students. The two age groups are (12-15) years and (16-18) years.The arithmetic means, standard deviations, the law (t) of differences, and analysis of variance were used, and the results showed the presence of significant differences in favor of the higher age group in the obesity index, while between classes the differences were significant and not significant.

The aim of the research is to identify the values of the level of muscular strength of the thighs, as well as to identify the significance of the differences between the pre-tests and the post-tests for the first-class football referees in the Iraqi Premier League. The researchers used the one-group experimental approach for its suitability to the nature of the study problem, and the research sample was from first-class referees in the Iraqi Premier League for the sports season (2022/2023), and their number was (15) referees. They took the comprehensive enumeration method, and special tests were conducted on them in the stadium and the private hall at the Ministry of Youth and Sports Center. After analyzing and discussing the results, the two researchers concluded that there are significant differences between the pre and posttests and in favor of the post tests of the research group because of the preventive exercises in the (isometric) manner and aids to develop the strength and balance of the thigh muscles prepared for this purpose. In this regard, the researchers recommend conducting extensive studies for this group and paying attention to the preventive aspect of referees in order to avoid their exposure to injuries in the thigh muscles, which are among the most common injuries in this group.

e moment of the final throwing position, as well as the velocity and angle of release, and to identify the relationship between these three variables.

The sample consisted of third-year students from the Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences at the College of Basic Education, University of Mustansiriyah. The mean and standard deviation of the sample's age were (22.6) years (±0.68), weight (70.7) kg (±1.80), and height (173.2) cm (±0.95). The most important procedures for determining the measurements and the specific test of the research included measuring the height and weight of the sample and conducting the tests under study. The most important results showed a correlation coefficient between torque and javelin release velocity for students studying track and field in the javelin throw event. The most important conclusions are that there is a relationship between torque, release angle, and release velocity of the

The research aimed to build a measure of the reality of the scouting curriculum in the Ministry of Education, and the researchers followed the descriptive survey approach to suit it with the nature of the research. The General Directorates of Education and those affiliated to the Ministry of Education, and the research sample was chosen from (152) scout leaders. The researchers carried out the process of statistical analysis of the expressions of the scale to ensure the availability of the scientific conditions for the scale represented by the validity and reliability, and the researchers adopted the Likert method in building the questionnaire of the scale, and the scale consisted of (67) items, in the final form after the construction process