Hammurabi journal for studies

The research sheds light on the security dilemma inside Iraq in the first place and its repercussions on the overall public policies and its reflection on the structure of the country’s political system, through the correct diagnosis of the reasons that motivate this, identifying the location of the defect in it and putting forward the places of weakness, and then finding practical solutions to it by examining the transformation that the country witnessed after the year 2003 and the accompanying changes that affected the entire political process until the present day, and the research reviews the overall security problems and ways to address them in two main axes, Political, traditional security, flaws in legal materials and failure in implementation, armed groups and uncontrolled weapons, and the research in the second axis presents the means to achieve Iraqi internal security and put it in an objective form in order to develop appropriate solutions to solve the security dilemma with the correct methodology according to the conditions and repercussions of the local environment in the main and the environment regional in general.

Wheat and barley are strategic crops for food security in Iraq, as it strives to increase its local production of these two crops to the maximum extent possible in order to reduce dependence on foreign imports as well as encourage farmers and farmers to grow the two crops and increase their production by supporting their purchase at prices Subsidies that usually exceed the costs of grains at the regional and international levels, but climate change is one of the most severe environmental challenges facing grain production in Iraq and the world, and it is expected to have far-reaching effects on grain production, including wheat and barley at the global level. The temperature and the change in precipitation patterns and their fluctuations since 1980 have caused a decrease in wheat yields by 5.5%) of global production. The lack of food in different countries of the world is one of the most important problems facing the world, especially the poor countries or what is termed as the Third World. Which has political, economic and security repercussions. In addition, the major countries and their subsidiaries are working to exploit the food shortage in the most horrific way to achieve economic and political gains. About extending its hegemony over many countries to achieve its strategic goals

There is no doubt that the fundamental changes that accompanied the process of change in the structure of the political system in Iraq after April 2003 have cast a shadow over the entire Iraqi situation with all its components, but the security and military system was the most affected by this change for several reasons, as it was the main obstacle to the will of the occupier, according to a perception The choice of the United States and the Iraqi opposition groups that accompanied the occupation forces, so their disintegration and rebuilding according to the strategic perception of the occupier was of great importance, so the results came according to his will, as a soft Iraqi military and security system emerged and was unable to perform the security, military and combat performance required by the requirements of sovereignty, in At the same time, the internal security deterioration due to terrorism and the absolute dominance of armed groups, accompanied by all that was attended by external, regional and international interventions, led to an increase in pressure on the components of that system.
From here and from this murky battle, we try to shed light on the nature of the existing Iraqi military and security system in terms of composition, military, security and combat capabilities and the extent of its ability to meet the requirements of internal security, combat terrorism and achieve social security while maintaining its primary goal of protecting national sovereignty as it represents the primary mission of that system With its military and intelligence component.

Iraq must move towards specific policies that enable it to arrange its policies towards the outside, mainly based on adopting balance on the one hand, and adapting to the situation on the other hand so that Iraq can interact with the variables of the regional environment and achieving the role that qualifies Iraq to influence and maintain its interest.

The incident of the virus Corona is considered a global epidemic that attacked most countries around the world. It affected all aspects of life. Educational institutes, universities and schools are the most affected phases from this epidemic. The prevalence of this disease is the salient reason behind shifting learning towards "Distance Education or Learning". Seeing that the high opportunity of prevalence in ordinary rapprochement learning among learners and their teachers. In fact, "Distance Learning" is necessary to increase and incorporate with normal attendance academic learning to continue learning in any sudden situation. "Distance Learning" is an evitable advanced result of artificial intelligence and the internet.

The study aims to study and analyze the nature of the Iraqi diplomatic performance towards the Qatari crisis, and the most important objectives of the Iraqi foreign policy in dealing with this crisis, as the Iraqi diplomacy was clear features and objectives, and more realistic in dealing with crises, based on the necessity of balancing the national interests of Iraq and the possibilities of diplomatic work At this stage, the interests of regional countries, especially the parties to the Qatari crisis. The Iraqi diplomacy began in dealing with the Qatari crisis, through the realization of the Iraqi foreign decision-maker of the nature of regional and international challenges, as well as the multiplicity of sources of threat to Iraqi national security, which required the adoption of a calm and realistic foreign policy through diplomatic openness to all parties, and the maintenance of good neighborly relations and common interests between different countries.

The state in the Arab world faces several challenges that mainly center around the establishment of a state of justice and law based on building the human being according to an intellectual system that is aware of the civilizational history of this nation, whether at the level of ideas and references or at the level of contradictions caused by these references in their dialogue with history with the horizon of achieving harmony between the past and the present And the future, and shortly after the establishment of the civilizational identity that was distorted by extensive import operations for international projects that were the result of different civilized environments, and this is accompanied by the establishment of a tangible political field capable of absorbing all contradictions and sensitivities and building an economic model based on the real economy that produces wealth and upgrading the Qatari state to a capable Arab strategic and economic union to unlink the dependency.

The concept of sovereignty has undergone significant changes and changes, from its rigid conception of the territorial integrity of the state over its air, land and sea region to a transparent and flexible concept, As a result of the global strategic developments that have engulfed the international system under the concepts and names of globalization, humanitarian intervention, international terrorism and the new electronic-cyber strategic area, The world's economic association with the liberal system and its dollar currency, to force small and medium-sized states to submit and remain under the control of the great and major powers controlling the world under the pretext of human protection, Defending rights and freedoms, maintaining international peace and security, and Iraq is one of the countries whose sovereignty has been violated and lost, If we follow the concept of its violated sovereignty by the UN humanitarian organization, and how to impose economic sanctions on it, Then the American occupation and the continuation of the establishment of military bases for international and regional forces active in the Iraqi vital field, to make it an arena for confrontation between the opposites in the strategic regional and international environment.

The first article of the permanent Iraqi constitution 2005 A. D., referred to the political system in Iraq is "…political system is republican, parliamentary …" but the constitutional articles which are in the constitution of 2005 A. D which are related to the relation between legislation and the executive powers had some deformed shapes that they did not evaluate the balance the cooperation and check and balance between them, so the political system relatively shifted away from the basis and the features of the parliamentary political system, so the future of the Iraqi parliamentary regime became a need to find the hindrances and seek solutions to achieve the basis and the features of the parliamentary regime through three possibilities: the remaining of the situation as it is the second is the failure of the parliamentary regime and

Oil technologies have brought about a real revolution in changing the roots of events during the past few years, especially in the field of oil production and consumption, which is on the throne of energy, by visiting oil reserves, The technology was credited with increasing output from the current fields, through the development of drilling and production techniques, and enhanced production. The methods also helped produce unconventional oils, like shale oil and ocean floor oil, and thus, they increased the oil supply in the oil markets and expanded consumer choices. In addition, technology also has an excellent credit for reducing oil consumption, By improving the efficiency of engines in energy production and reducing their level of fuel consumption, as well as increasing the efficiency of power generation and production plants to reach more than (65%) than it was during the past few years, and technology has also helped to produce goods and equipment with modern technologies that are low in energy; thus, it reduced the level of consumption, and this was reflected in the decrease in the level of oil demand, and curbing the increase in oil prices, as well as the change and change that would occur in energy markets and oil-consuming countries in the future; thus, the producing countries must think about the future, rebuild their economic policies, and reduce their dependence on oil, in favor of industry, agriculture and tourism, and activate the investment climate, before it is too late.
All these subjects will be shown in this paper, which tackled (the role of technology in the formulation of the future policy of oil consumption & production) through the following topics:

The importance of investment stems from it either as a substitute for the leading economy, or as part of it, or sometimes as a substitute for it, especially in those countries that do not have rents and a stable source of national income. But now, due to the risks of the rentier economy, it has become more urgent to talk about investment and activate it realistically as a result of starting investment policies In terms of the constitution, the law, subsequent applications, and the mobilization of the various sectors for the common goal of natural and sustainable investment.
As for Iraq, after the political change in 2003, talking about the institutionalization of investment did not come until after Law 13 of 2006 was amended, which established the National Investment Commission, the Investment Commission in the Regions, and the Investment Commissions in the governorates that are not organized in a region. This step came after the constitution of investment in Article (26). From the permanent Iraqi constitution of 2005.
Then successive investment activities throughout Iraq and Baghdad (case study) in particular and in various investment sectors made us talk about them and the most significant obstacles that accompanied this process since its launch to 2021.

The European Union is one of the most important and influential actors globally. By the many advantages and clear indicators of strength that many of its states possess, he should assume more responsibilities and develop strategies that guarantee his interests, on the one hand, provide him with guarantees of achieving his goals.
As well as reducing the rate of potential risks of deterioration of the political, security and economic conditions of the Union\'s areas of interest.
Although the European Union in general, and the two most influential countries (France and Germany) in particular, tried to exercise some effective roles, they were not like that regarding dealing with Iraq issues. And its strategic vision with the radical changes in this important country in the Middle East.
However, the dramatic changes that the region witnessed, following the Arab Spring revolutions in 2011, leading to the control of ISIS over extensive lands in Iraq and Syria, the large waves of migration that Europe witnessed accordingly, the wave of bombings witnessed by more than one European country, imposed changes developed the features of the European strategic vision and its priorities for the Middle East region and Iraq in particular.
The study seeks to shed light on the European strategy towards Iraq in general and redefine the European strategic priorities towards this country by reviewing and analyzing the data and indicators related to the study variables.
According to the hypothesis: \"The escalation of various challenges (security, economic, and political), as well as the presence of clear and important European interests in Iraq and the Middle East, forced European countries to rearrange their priorities in it.\"

In this research, the reality of the large and medium manufacturing industry in Iraq for the year 2018 was studied and analyzed because of its importance through its effective performance informing the domestic product and its influential role in protecting the national industry by increasing exports and reducing imports as well as absorbing the vast numbers of manpower and its ability to achieve Technological progress despite this importance, but it is still below the level of ambition due to the existence of problems and obstacles that limited its growth and spread and its inability to achieve industrial and economic development, and through several evaluation indicators for the performance of large and medium manufacturing industries, the research reached essential results, the most prominent of which are:-
1-There is a clear and tangible difference in the large and medium manufacturing industries based on (number of establishments - workers - labour productivity - production efficiency - added value - the value of production requirements).
2-The inefficiency of the manufacturing strategy currently being followed due to many obstacles, the most important of which is technical backwardness and obsolescence of production means, including machines and machines, and their failure to keep pace with modern technological developments.
3-Government negligence, lack of material support and competition for foreign goods for the manufacturing industry's products, and many of its production lines have stopped being out of date and not rehabilitated, as well as the scarcity and cost of local and imported raw materials necessary for the manufacturing process.
4-An industrialization strategy has been formulated, through which the researcher aims to try to advance the industrial reality.

The equation of war and peace has been the main component of the life of the Middle East. The rivalry among the great powers on the region and its resources at the beginning of the late century had its effect on the shaping of it and its political systems, which had changed with the regression of these powers and the advent of the two superpowers and their cold war with oil as one of their tools. With the change of the international system because of the birth of globalization, the relations have changed into rivalry among the old and the new multi-national corporations, which has resulted in the reshaping of the region according to their interests and the oil was not far from any war that happened in it; this is what this research is trying to study.

The arms trade is one of the most significant areas of trade around the world. It can be defined as sales from the exporter to the importer arms source of all kind’s different forms directly or by a mediator. Its in two types public and private trade. Arms traders are the biggest beneficiaries of continuing wars, disputes and conflicts, between groups, communities and states. even if the number of economies depends mainly on arms trade and industry having high profits estimated billions of dollars .this is the apparent part of the truth, some always seek to create crises between states, rising this crisis to the level of regional and international armed conflicts, in this respect, regional players are turkey and Israel that their relationship paths are limited by these military – dimensional contexts.

The best of what a person strives for and the goodness and good deeds he offers are the service of the Holy Book of God, which falsehood does not come to it from before it or from behind it, which God made a light for humanity, sealed the heavenly messages with it, and was grateful to humanity, and since the ancient scholars had the upper hand in interpreting The Great Qur’an, as well as the later ones among them who occupied themselves with that, and thus surmounted many difficulties for the students of knowledge, for God Almighty made them bearers of this dear book, the lamp of this religion and the torches of light for this nation, and Sheikh Al-Khalkhali is among these scholars who had a role in serving the Glorious Book of God.
The importance of the subject comes from its connection with the dear Book of God, and because of its great importance and great benefit, and the importance of achieving it is greater for reasons including: that such manuscripts with the knowledge they carry is lost, so the knowledge that is between its folds is lost, so its investigation is more important and first, as I wanted to introduce a scientist from among the scholars The nation and extracting some of its scientific output, so the importance of this manuscript comes in order to renew the knowledge of students and researchers of this world and its scientific status, and to get acquainted with its effects and works in order to work on its investigation and study.