Euphrates Journal of Agricultural Science

A field experiment was carried out during the season 2019/2020 in Mosul/Tilkif. It included six introduced genotypes of durum wheat originating from International Center for Agriculture Research Dry areas (ICARDA) (Nano, Uramy, Miki3, Ouhassan and Atlhagy) and local variety Svivo for control. Six durum wheat genotypes were grown by using R.C.B.D. design with three replications. The results indicated that the means of the genotypes squares were significant at a 1% probability level for the traits of the flag leaf area, plant height, spike length, number of grains per spike, biological yield, grain yield, harvest index, and 1000 grains weight. Genetic and phenotypic variation were significant for all the studied traits, except for the traits of the number of days until the beginning of flowering, number of tillers .m-2, and protein percentage, for phenotypic variation were not significant. Grain yield had positively significant phenotypic correlation at a 1% probability level with traits: flag leaf area, spike length, number of grains per spike, biological yield and harvest index and protein percentage. Whereas, grain yield showed a positive significant environmental correlation by 5% probability level with the biological yield and weight of 1000 grains traits. However, the values of heritability of broad sense were high for all the studied traits, except for the traits of the number of days until the beginning of flowering and protein percentage was medium, while, heritability of the number of tillers .m-2 was low.

A field study initiated in the winter of 2017 in Sulaimani region to investigate the P fertilizer requirements of chickpea, a factorial split-plot experiment; within a randomized complete block design with three replications was used. cultivars (V1=Flip O1-43C, V2= Flip 99-34C, V3=Hazardmerd, V4=Flip 93-55C), were allocated to main plots. Sub-plot treatments were three levels of phosphorus applied as triple of (tri super phosphate) % 46 P205 (T1= 0kg/ha, T2= 10kg/ha, T3= 20kg /ha) to study their effects on growth performance and yield of chickpea (Cicer arietinum) during winter season. Results showed that V2 recorded maximum value for number of branches /plant ,number of pods /plant , weight of pods /plant , number of seeds /plant and weight of seed /plant and V3 recorded maximum value for weight of seed /pod and 100 seed weight ,while V1 recorded maximum value only for plant height .It was found that the application of 20 kg P205 /ha recorded highest value of plant height , number of pods /plant ,weight of seed /pod , number of seeds /plant and weight of seed /plant .The interaction between V2 and 20 kg P205 /ha recorded maximum value for number pods /plant and number of seed /plant and interaction between V3 and 10 kg P205 /ha recorded the maximum value for weight of seed /plant .

A field Experiment was conducted at Al-Mishkhab Rice Research Station at Najaf province in Iraq during 2019-2020 rice season, which is located between N 0o17´4.5075 and E 40o54´29.6959,assess Analysis Of The influence of irrigation and tillage patterns on yield and its components for five rice varieties under the System of Rice Intensification (SRI). The trial was performed as split split plot in based on a randomized complete blocks design (RCBD) having three replications. The experiment parameters of the irrigation patterns were : daily irrigation and intervals irrigation (3 days, 6 days, and 9 days intervals) with five varieties of rice: Anbar 33, Jasmine, Mishkhab 2, , Baraka and Dijla . The Tillage pattern: Soil tillage and the non-Tillage, by using principles of the System of Rice Intensification (SRI) are: transplanted method, and seedlings were transplanted pattern square 30×30 cm between other with one seedlings per hill and early transplanted 15 days seedling old. The results of this research showed that there are significant differences in the yield and its components (The number of active tillers, weight of 1000 grains, Sterility percentage, Grain yield and biological yield) with the interval of irrigation each 3 days under a non-tillage soil compared with 9 days interval.

A field experiment was carried out during the season 2019/2020 in Mosul /Tilkaif district, the experiment included three factors, the first is sowing dates, early (10 November), medium (25 November) and late (10 December), the second, seeding rates (200, 250 And 300 seeds. m-2), and the third is six new genotypes of Durum Wheat (Nano, Uramy, Miki3, Ouhassan and Atlhagy) in addition to the local variety Svivo for control. The R.C.B.D randomized complete block design was applied according to the split-split plots system with three Blocks. The results indicated to significantly superiority of the early date only in traits of biological yield and the grain yield. and this date did not differ significantly from the average date in the traits of the number of grains per spike and the weight of 1000 grain while the sowing dates did not significantly affect the traits of the number of tillers.m-2. The seed rates did not significantly affect the number of seeds per spike and the weight of 1000 grains However, the seeding rate 300 seeds. m-2 significantly exceeded in the number of tillers. m-2, but not significantly different from 250 seeds. m-2 rate. Whereas, the seeding rate 250 seeds. m-2 significantly superior in traits (biological yield and grain yield. Compared to 300 and 200 seeds.m-2. Recording to genotypes, Ouhassan, Atlhagy, and Nano showed exceed in the number of grains per spike, Atlhagy outperformed in the biological yield and Ouhassan in the grain yield, while the Uramy exceeded in the weight of 1000 grains. The interactions of early and medium sowing date with different seeding rates outperformed all trait. All the interactions were significant in effecting the studied trait.

A field experiment effect of tillage system and sowing method on growth and yield of wheat Triticum astivium L. for associated weed in the dry land. was carried out during the agricultural season 2019-2020 in two locations, the first in the Telkaif location (T) district 35 km north of the city center of Mosul, and the second in the Hamdaniya location (H) district 30 km southeast of the city center of Mosul, with different soil texture. The experiment included two factors. The first tillage systems: Conventional tillage system (CT) and Zero tillage system (ZT), The second: the Sowing method it includes planting with lines where the space between one line and another is (17, 34, 34×34 cm cross sowing). The experiment was designed according to a experiment system within (split-plot) using a completely randomized block design(R.C.B.D) and with three replications. The seeds were sown (variety Tal Afar 3) at a seed rate of 120 kg.ha-1 . fertilizer was added (NPK 15:15:15) 200 kg.ha-1 . The data were analyzed statistically the mean parameters were compared using the Duncan multi-range test. The results obtained are summarized as follows: The space (34 cm) and (34 x 34 cm) recored the largest amount of grain yield in both locations, and it was recorded at 427.99 g.m-2 and 411.15 g.m-2, respectively, in Al-Hamdaniya, and 474.50 g.m-2 and 456.03 g.m-2 for the Tlekif . The space (34 x 34 cm) was effective in reducing the number and weight of the broadleaf weeds and it was recorded at 113.67 weeds.m-2 and 113.08 g.m-2 respectively, in Hamdaniya.

The experiment was carried out during Agricultural season 2019-2020, Field crops Department research station / University of Mosul, planting date (7 November , 7 December , and 7 January) and four doses of Basgran herbicide (control , 187.5 , 375 , 750 ml.h-1).The experiment was applied according factorial experiments (split plots) using the Randomize complete Block Design ( planting date at the main plot and the herbicide doses at the sub plots .Using the Spanish variety , the herbicide was sprayed in the last week of February , Weeds samples were taken at mid of April , while the crop sample taken at the first week of May . The data was analyzed according factorial experiment (split plot) using Randomize Complete Block Design , Duncan test was using to compared among the treatments .Planting dates significantly affected the number of narrow weeds, the number of narrow weeds decreased at the second and third dates compared with first date by 28.1 and 30.65% respectively. Planting dates are different at their effect on Number of broad- leaves weeds, planting date 7 January superior in decrease number of broad-leaves weeds compared with second and third planting date by ( 74 , 92.44 ). Third planting date are superior significantly compared with the first planting date at decrease the dry weight of broad leaves weeds by 10.19 %, while non-significant different compare with second planting date. non-significant difference among the planting dates at effect on dry weight of broad leave weeds. The first planting date superior at most the traits of growth and yield of crop, high plant (85.8167 cm) , number of pods (7.80), number of seeds .pod-1 ( 5.31 seed . pod-1), weight of 100 seed (130.43 gram). and (410.58) g.m-2. All herbicide doses effect in decrease the narrow and broad leaves weeds, dose 750 ml.h-1 superior at decrease the narrow leave weeds and their dry weight ( 17.89 ) and ( 53.42) g.m-2, the dose ( 375 and 750 ml.h-1) superior on the dose 187.5 ml.h-1 significantly at decrease the number of broad leaves weed ( 4.44 , 4.30 plant. m-2 ). All traits of growth and yield of Vicia faba L. are significant superior at the treated with doses 375 ml.h-1 of Basegran herbicide except plant high which was high value at control treatment , (8.91) pot.m-2 of number of pots, (7.13 seed .pot-1) of number of seed .pot, (146.80) g. m-2 of weight of 100 seed,(490.42 gram. m-2) of seeds yield. Interaction between planting date and herbicide doses taken significant results at weed control whether broad leaves weeds and the dry weight, the doses of herbicide (375 and 750 ml.h-1 with third planting date (7 January) superior at decrease the traits of weeds , while the dose 375 ml. h-1 with the date 7/11 and 7 /12 of most traits of growth and yield.

Wheat stem rust caused by the fungus (Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici) is historically the most damaging disease of wheat (Triticum aestivum). In the worst cases, yield losses of 70% or more are possible. It was at one time the most feared disease of the wheat crop. In the present study, twenty-two wheat genotype (14 Bread Wheat, 6 Durum Wheat, and 2 Triticale cultivars) were tested to investigate the host reaction between the cultivars with the pathogen population of P. graminis f.sp tritici under natural inoculation conditions. Based on the results of disease severity and coefficient of infection, the high resistance reaction was found in bread wheat cultivars Maaroof and Charmo, and Triticale wheat cultivars Rezan and Sarah, while bread wheat cultivars Adana and SaberBeg and durum wheat cultivars Cimmito and Acsad explored high resistance against the pathogen population of P. graminis f.sp tritici, at adult plant stage in the field.

The field experiment was conducted during the winter season 2019 in Al-Azzawiya region in Babylon province, in order to study the effect of foliar spraying with the nutrient fertocrine foliar and the amino acid Siapton 10L on the growth and yield of wheat and the amino acid Siapton 10 L at a concentration of 2, 2.5, 3 ml.L-1 water in addition to the control treatment (sprayed with water only) on the Barcelona cultivar of wheat. A factorial experiment was applied according to the randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The results of growth traits (plant height, flag leaf area, number of tillers . m-2) and yield traits (number of grains.spike -1, spike length and weight of 100 grains) showed a significant superiority for the treatment of spraying Siapton 10 L at a concentration of 2.5 ml. L-1 and it gave 120.00 cm , 53.00 cm2, 451.70 m2 and 3.481 cm, 96.70 grains, 6.90 g respectively. It was followed by fertocrine foliar treatment at a concentration of 2 ml. L-1 and it gave 116.00 cm, 46.33 cm 2, 417.70 m 2 and 11.73 cm, 083.3 grains, 6.27 g, respectively, compared to the control treatment.

This study was conducted in the Orchards Development Project, Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, which belongs to the Holy Karbala Agriculture Directorate during the summer agricultural season 2020.To study the response of three okra cultivars (Lahaloba, Batira and Hasinawi) to foliar treatment with ascorbic acid at a concentration of 100 mg. L-1 with total amino acids at a concentration of 4 g. L-1 The interaction of 100 mg.L-1 ascorbic acid was studied. and amino acids by 4 g. L-1 In addition to the control treatment of and interaction between them in some indicators of growth and productivity of okra, the experiment was conducted as a factorial experiment according to the Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) and with a split plot system and with three replications. The averages were compared according to the least significant difference test (L.S.D.). at the 0.05 probability level. The results showed the Hasinawi cultivar excelled in increasing the plant height to 192.62 cm and the number of leaves to 162.58 leaves. Plant-1 and the average dry weight of the shoot total to 13.67 g. Plant-1, while the cultivar Batira was exceled in increasing the leaves content of total chlorophyll to 81.41 mg. 100 gm-1 fresh weight. Spraying with ascorbic acid and total amino acids had a significant effect on vegetative growth indicators and gave the interaction between 100 mg.L-1 and 4 g. L-1 has the highest averages in these indicators compared to the control plants.

This study was conducted during the winter agricultural season 2019/2020 in two locations, the first in Tel Kaif district, which is 20 km north from the center of Mosul, and the second in Al-Hamdaniya district, 25 km southeast of Mosul, to study the effect of three seeding average(30, 40 and 50 kg.ha-1) and four levels of compound fertilizer N15P15K15 (zero, 100, 150 and 200 kg.ha-1) in growth, yield and quality of flax under dehydrating conditions, the experiment was conducted in the field according to a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The results indicated that the seeding average of 30 kg.ha-1 was significantly excelled in the traits: number of fruiting branches. Plant-1 and number of capsules. plant-1, percentage of oil in seeds for both locations, and number of seeds. Capsule-1 and the weight of 1000 seeds at the Tel Kaif location, and the seeding average of 50 kg.h-1 was significantly excelled on the seed yield and the percentage of linolenic acid in both sites, and the plant height at the Tel Kaif location .The level of the compound fertilizer 200 kg.ha-1 was significantly higher in the trait: plant height and number of fruiting branches. Plant-1 and the number of capsules. Plant-1 and the number of seeds. Capsule-1 at Al-Hamdaniya location, while the percentage of linolenic acid was superior at Telkaif location, and the percentage of oil in the seeds and oil yield reached the highest amount at the same level of the compound fertilizer in both locations. The interaction of seed average with the levels of the compound fertilizer indicated a significant and varied superiority in the trait: plant height and number of fruiting branches. Plant-1 and the number of seeds. Capsule-1 and weight 1000 seeds for both locations.

This study was conducted in the fields of the College of Agriculture, Tikrit University for the season 2019-2020 to study the effect of salt stress (0.5, 2.75 and 5 EC) and salinity treatment (0 and 0.006 mm) in six oats genotypes (Alguda, Icarda short, Anotolia, Icarda tall).The experiment was applied with a randomized complete block design RCBD with a split split plot system with three replications, Five traits were studied: the number of active tillers m-2, the number of grains per panicles, the weight of 1000 grains, the grain yield, and the biological yield ton.ha-1. The effect of salt stress negatively on each of the number of grains in delta, grain yield, and biological yield,The use of the saline treatment also improved both the number of active tillers , the number of grains in the panicles , the weight of 1000 grains, the grain yield and the biological yield. The genotypes differed in their performance for the studied traits, where the genotype G3 excelled in the number of tillers . m-2 (447.4) and the number of grains in the panicles (29.72), the weight of 1000 grains (31.43 g), and the grain yield (4195.7 kg.ha-1) on the rest of the other compositions.

This study aimed to evaluate the chemical evaluation of local minced chicken meat preserved in polyethylene casings treated with nano clove extract. The study included six treatments with different concentrations added to polyethylene bags: the first treatment (A) as a control treatment (without addition), the second treatment (B) nano-zinc at a concentration of 20 mg/ml, and the third treatment (B1) clove alcohol extract at a concentration of 100 mg/ml.The fourth treatment (B2) clove alcohol extract 125 mg / ml, the fifth treatment (B3) nano-zinc (20 mg / ml) with the lowest concentration of clove alcohol extract (100 mg / ml) at a ratio (1-1), the sixth treatment (B4) zinc Nano (20 mg/ml) with the highest concentration of clove alcohol extract (125 mg/ml) at a ratio (1-1), minced chicken meat was kept in these treated bags separately and stored for periods of (10,5,0) days by refrigerationand some chemical tests were done for her, and the results of this study were as follows:
1- The sixth treatment (B4) showed a significant increase (P<0.05) in the percentages of both moisture and protein of chicken meat during the different cold storage periods compared with the control treatment.
2- The results of the different addition treatments showed a significant decrease (P<0.05) on the percentage of fat and ash.