Dijlah Journal

This work demonstrates a description, experimental results and a design of a water treatment
apparatus. The apparatus was manufactured to remove the lead metal from contaminated water
by continuous pumping principle. This method depends on adsorption of lead ions by Iraqi clay
metals surface as kaolinite. In this work counted amounts of clay metal were saved in several
cloth bags to guarantee a wide use of clay and consequently a larger surface area. The bags
were put inside a vertical container with quantities of glass small pipe pieces to increase the
volume and the surface area. This container was placed completely inside another container.
The contaminated water passed throw a pipe to the internal container which contains the clay
metal from down direction to upper direction of the container, to fill it and flood to the outer
container which has an exit pass of the pure water. The lead contaminated water was taken (10
ppm) from a storage tank through a pump with flow meter to inter the purifying container . For
testing purposes the outlet purified water was analyzed by atomic absorption device. The experiments indicated that 5 grams of the clay can remove 100 mg of lead from 10 liter of water
by a flow rate of 0.05 liter/min

Background: Refractive error is the main cause of visual impairment in the world. Spectacles
are the most frequently used options for correcting refractive errors. In addition, they can be
used for protection and fashion.
The aim of this study was to provide knowledge to bridge this important gap.
Objective: To Changing beliefs and attitudes about wearing spectacles to correct refractive
errors (RE)among students in Dijlah University College
Study Design: Cross sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: It was in Dijlah University College, between November 2017
and December 2017.
Methodology: The study population consisted of first, second- and third-year students from
each department. Subjects in Dijlah University College had refractive error diagnosed previously and wear an eye spectacles.

Glaucoma is an irreversible optic neuropathy associated with characteristic cupping of the optic
nerve head with corresponding nerve fiber loss and peripheral and ultimately center visual field
defect. To assess this disease the relationship of ocular tension and cup/disc ratio in glaucoma
patients need to be determined. The retrospective study was done with 132 eyes of 66 patients
visiting glaucoma clinic at Ibn-Al-HaethamTeaching Eye Hospital, beginning in November
2016toApril 30 2017 for the above subjects, ocular tension ,by measuring the cup/disc ratio and
visual acuity . The present study was showed that, an important relation of ocular tension and
cup/disc ratio which revealed that increasing ocular tension a accompanied with increasing cup/
disc ratio irreversibly. So, when the intraocular pressure is treated with medicine for reducing
its levels, the value of the cup/disc ratio is not affected (remain in its high level). It has been
noticed that there is reversely relation between cup/disc ratio and visual acuity, and glaucoma
incidence was increased with increasing the age of patients i.e. as the population grows older ,
the prevalence of glaucoma raises.

This paper will focus on types of deviant behavior which comes with using internet and rules
of conduct and the study of deviant behavior. The digitization of medicine as deviant behavior
shed light on this topic digital drugs. Describing the term of deviant behavior process is by
which people move from an affinity for certain prohibited behaviors to full-blown deviance.
Also defining the digital drugs and how it becomes a deviant behavior has negative effect on
people who practice it, young people specifically and our society generally.That’s including
the roles of multimedia applications in this behavior, the mechanism of digital drugs, with conditions to practice it. The used software is (Adobe audition cc2019). to be remarked, most of
software that used to alter sound or any audio file generally prohibited from changing the frequency of channel left & right by regulations, to prevent any misuse lead to damage in human
ear and brain.

In order to reduce the environmental impact due to land disposal of heavy oil fly ash from thermal power plants and to valorize this waste material, recovery of vanadium was investigated
using leaching processes (alkaline leaching). The recovery of vanadium has been adjusted via
two stages. The first stage done was the thermal treatment process (burning process) at 650
and 850°C in order to reduce the carbonaceous fraction. The second stage established was the
selection of sodium hydroxide for vanadium leaching. It was found to be the more selective
for vanadium versus other transition metals is with addition of different percentage of sodium
carbonate. Addition of sodium carbonate was found to be effective oxidant agent to increase
the leaching efficiency. The optimal leaching solution was 80%vol. NaOH + 20%vol. Na2
CO3
.
Taguchi design of experiments was applied to determine the optimum conditions for vanadium
leaching. These are 4 M concentration, 2 h leaching time, 100:1 liquid to solid ratio.

Groundwater is one of the important components in development of any area. It is the major
potable, agricultural and industrial source of water. In the past, it was thought that groundwater is
protected from pollution by layers of rocks and soil that act as filters. The first signs of contamination of
groundwater extracted from wells may be detected. The objective of this review is reviews researches
of groundwater pollution and contamination as well as pollution types and the effects of groundwater
contamination and pollution on public heath. Generally, groundwater pollution studies include the
scientific understanding of biological, chemical and physical processes which control contaminants fate
and movement in the underground environment. High chemical concentration in drinking water can
pose a health hazard. Epidemiological studies have shown that the poor quality of drinking water as the
main transport route has been responsible for many water-borne diseases. Several of microorganisms
and synthetic chemicals have a potential to pollute groundwater. Drinking water containing bacteria
and viruses can lead to diseases such as hepatitis or cholera. The serious health effects of lead are
known learning difficulties in children; problems in the nerves, kidneys, liver and pregnancy risks.
Protection measures are actually simpler and less costly than corrective measures for groundwater
contamination. The choice of appropriate therapeutic technique depends on site-specific factors and
often takes into account clean-up goals based on human health and environmental protection.

uthentication that depends on passwords is for the most part utilized in applications and
websites to guarantee protection and security. Users in general select passwords that
are either significant or short Rather than subjective alphanumeric strings for simple Remembrance. With web sites and mobile applications heaping up, individuals can get to these applications whenever and wherever with different gadgets. This development brings incredible
comfort yet in addition expands the likelihood of passwords being exposed to Shoulder surfing
assaults. Assailants can watch straightforwardly or utilize different gadgets to gather user’s
credentials. To overcome this issue, we proposed an authentication system called Pass roulette
which is based on graphical passwords to oppose shoulder surfing attacks. With a 12x2 parts
circle and 12 colors with a roulette like system to offer a camouflage, Pass Roulette offers no
clue for aggressors to make sense of or limit the secret key regardless of whether they use
numerous camera-based assaults

This article compare between two deferentprotocols: OSPF ( Open Shortest Path First) and ISIS (Intermediate-System-to-Intermediate-System) and unveil the differences and similarities
between them. A telecommunication network was designed to measure the traffic service of
protocols. Discusses the terminology of protocols, contrast in network design.The coparission
criteria are domain design, transport and volume of service traffic. The compared protocols
generate different amounts of service traffic. With standard settings, the OSPF protocol generates several times less service data on a stable network than the IS-IS protocol. The small
amount of OSPF overhead traffic allows you to deploy routing in large networks with a bottleneck problem without large loss of bandwidth. If this problem does not exist, using the IS-IS
protocol will not damage the network.