Hammurabi journal for studies

Through this editorial, we seek to present the features of a strategic vision to consider the issues of persons with disabilities and special needs through an integrated project consisting of ten axes related to disability issues from early detection to participation, after they have been linked with five dimensions, including awareness, culture and legislation legal, then adopting and looking at it as a strategic program to change the reality of persons with disabilities at the level of the present time and lived reality, as well as on the future and strategic perspective.

The economic meltdown affecting Lebanon, that became fully apparent in the last quarter of 2019, was manifested in a series of financial, monetary, banking, health and political crises. As a result, multiple repercussions continue to affect a wide segment of the Lebanese and non-Lebanese various social groups, especially the marginalized groups of Lebanese and Palestinians, due to the ongoing decline of the purchasing power of the national currency. In addition to the suffering and marginalization experienced by persons with disabilities in the Palestinian camps, whether related to the gender or to the negative perception, the successive crises have exacerbated their exclusion and limit their participation in public life. Based on this vision, and with the purpose to analyze the living conditions of people with disabilities, and to identify the elements that help in adapting their environments to make it less handicapping and make the society more inclusive for them at different levels: legislative, workplace, housing, and equipment of the places they visit, we have chosen Ein El Hilweh camp to conduct the empirical study. This camp is the largest Palestinian refugee camp in Lebanon in terms of both area and population density reaching approximately five people per square meter and the number of people with disabilities is 1462 with various disabilities. We adopted the interview technique with a group of families, and some persons with disability visiting local institutions that offer services to Palestinian disabled people inside Ain El-Hilweh camp. We believe that this technique constitutes an important tool to directly assess the economic, social and family conditions of this group, in addition to highlighting the role of local social institutions in providing health care and services that contribute to the effective integration of people with disabilities in public life. It will help as well to evaluate the possibility of shifting the social perception of the disabled persons from the charitable model based on pity and mercy to a holistic social approach and perspective that meets the needs of persons with disability ,being a responsibility of both families and all forms of social and local institutions, and based on the right of the person with disability to participate in various social activities and to be integrated in public life similarly to other persons.

That the problem of disability is one of the serious problems that threaten the social, psychological and economic existence of people with special needs, and that the resulting social repercussions may be more dangerous than the disability itself, so the state of stigmatization, isolation and marginalization of people with disabilities; Because of the popular tradition, it may leave an impact more dangerous than the disability itself, and contribute to the lack of adaptation of the disabled person and the failure of his social integration process, In this research, we tried to find out the relationship of stigma to disability, How does stigma affect the process of recognizing people with disabilities, how does stigma affect the process of social integration, and how is discrimination between people with disabilities based on gender and type of disability, using the analytical description approach based on what was written in the theoretical heritage about people with disabilities.

This study deals with the extent to which the Egyptian legal texts are compatible with the international conventions regulating the rights of persons with disabilities at work, given that this group is one of the groups of society. International covenants and Egyptian legislation have guaranteed this group rights that guarantee their right to equality and work like all individuals, while ensuring the provision of decent work opportunities for them, and accordingly; The Egyptian Constitution of 2014 AD guarantees the protection of persons with disabilities and enables them to exercise their rights, the most prominent of which is their right to work as stipulated in Article (214), which draws policies and plans and coordinates with all concerned parties, and raises awareness and education about the rights of “persons with disabilities” to remove obstacles that prevent the empowerment of persons with disabilities, and their full integration and participation in society, as the laws were keen to preserve rights of persons with disabilities.
And the Egyptian Civil Service Law of 2016 AD, which enshrines the right of the disabled to work, as well as all other relevant laws in Egypt, such as Disability Law No. (10) of 2018 AD regarding the rights of “persons with disabilities” (), as the rights of people with disabilities are distinguished by their protection in institutions concerned with all of them, from the actual participation and societal integration of the disabled person and showing their pioneering role in society and all other competent authorities.

The Islamic Sharia emphasized the concern for people with disabilities and special needs in many places, in the Holy Qur’an, in the Sunnah of the Prophet, and in the messages of the Imams of Ahl al – Bayt, peace be upon them, and this is evidence of mercy, justice and equality in Islam, and what confirms that Islam is a religion of mercy and compassion There is no religion of sword and violence, as those who want to distort it do, and the Islamic religion considers disability as a challenge to the believer from the Creator to see his patience, endurance and faith, and the disabled are considered an essential component of society, and the Holy Qur’an urges to treat people with disabilities with kindness and kindness, and it also urges Protect them and help them overcome life's difficulties.

Inclusive education has been a turning point in Morocco. All children have access to school despite differences and difficulties between these children. Morocco has adopted this programme since 2019. Inclusive education can be referred to as a system of education that guarantees everyone's right to education and enshrines the principle of equal opportunities and equal learning. Morocco based its implementation of inclusive education on two basic principles. The first is the legal-juristic pillar, then the second pillar, which is educational. Morocco had benefited from various international experiences in teaching disabled children until it had reached the experience of inclusive education. Thus, a range of gains have been made in the area of disabled children's education, and challenges have been encountered in implementing this programme.

Abstract: Allah says: “Allah already knows those among you who keep back (men) from fighting in Allah's Cause, and those who say to their brethren “Come here towards us," while they (themselves) come not to the battle except a little”. So, let's objectively discuss a very global and sensitive issue that has captivated philosophers, thinkers, politicians, and clerics in all places and times, past and present, namely, the issue of disability.
An issue that we seek, in an anthropo-historical approach, to encompass all its various dimensions, forms, and images, and to review the abnormal perceptions and attitudes that its people were subjected to, and how societies poisoned their lives and bodies over many centuries. In parallel, we monitor the religious visions of disability and the handicapped in the monotheistic and positivist religions, especially the Islamic religion, and how this religion in the Qur’an and Sunnah and its jurisprudence addresses the problem of disability, and corrects the wrong path of all humanity towards its affiliates, without forgetting to address the most important principles and approaches that it established to ensure and preserve their rights, and that from the point of view of the interaction between Islam and the social organization and cultural system of the Muslim community. From this standpoint, we seek to shed a new scientific and cognitive light on this issue by answering some key questions: What is the position of religions on the issue of disability? Are religions an effective means that were able, through their teachings, to help people with disabilities? Did the message of Islam carry a different vision for people with disabilities? Is there an Islamic religious philosophy that directed the disabled person to live his true mission on earth? Is caring for people with disabilities an obligation of sufficiency or an in kind in Islam? What are the curricula and principles enacted by Sharia to care for this group and integrate them into society throughout Islamic eras? Has history immortalized examples of this category that were able to serve the divine Islamic message? Is there divine wisdom in creating a class like this?

The education of disabled children has received the attention of the world, especially in the last quarter century.
This is because disabled children represent a segment of society, representing 10% to 15% of the children in society, which means that depriving them of education will deprive society of at least ten of its strength in construction.
Rather, this tithe will be a hindrance and a burden on society, because they are unable to serve themselves. Any society that aspires to progress must pay attention to the education of its children, whether they are healthy or disabled

Persons with disabilities need special legal care and protection, as a result of their physical or intellectual deficiency, resulting from natural or genetic factors. Therefore, they must be respected, protected, and treated humanely, up to the level of civilized human being, in order to preserve human dignity, as they are among the vulnerable groups. International and regional, to protect people in general, and vulnerable groups - including persons with disabilities - in particular, from any violation of their rights guaranteed by them.
Therefore, this paper addresses the issue of legal protection guaranteed by international and regional covenants for the rights of persons with disabilities at the global and regional levels, by addressing the most important legal texts, whether the general ones that came to protect people in general, or the special ones that were specially prepared to protect persons with disabilities. The adequacy and effectiveness of these texts in protecting that category.

Persons with disabilities enjoy exceptional favor as they are the weakest group in the social structure. According to the rules, specialists propose multiple texts aimed at providing protection for people with special needs. The provisions relating to protection have advanced with the progress of human societies, as dealing with people with disabilities shifted from a condition that requires charity to a matter that requires care, recognition of rights, and provision of rehabilitation programs in an appropriate environment in light of the growing interest of the international community leading to the Declaration of the Rights of Persons with Disabilities globally in 1975, which the Iraqi legislator gave preference in the constitution in 2005, and in enacting laws related to the care of people with disabilities.

When the researcher attempts to write a study pertaining to the human aspects, he must start from the divine truths, because it is the belief of all the monotheists that God did not leave the small or the great without setting a system for it, that is in line with life and the circumstances that surround it. So how about if those cases or things pertain to the person whom God honored over the creatures, and he is God’s vicegerent on earth. God must have put solutions to those problems facing man to preserve his dignity in this worldly life, and the solutions to these afflictions are divine realities that man cannot develop a theory that matches them.
The best person who embodied and explained these truths are the pure prophets and imams. If we strive to study history, we will find that the life of the prophets is full of human spirit and human interaction that illustrates to man the image of divine kindness.
On the other hand, from this gentle side that aims to protect the rights of the weak and the poor, there is another dark side full of evil and evil spirit.

Education is a fundamental measure of nations' progress. Attention has become a priority for all States, as international organizations have also paid great attention to in the context of today's globalization system. From a rights-based approach to a development approach, an international discourse has emerged that calls for universal access to education for all individuals without discrimination, especially on the part of sex or disability, because of the positive impact of this -- universal access to education -- on all societies. Morocco's educational policies in recent decades have attempted to develop its educational system by adopting a mainstreaming policy, including the gradual integration of persons with disabilities, motivated by its international obligations. The international instruments ratified by Morocco and the reports issued by international conferences and organizations have become an important determinant of Morocco's educational policy in general and of the education of disabilities persons in particular.

Islamic legislation is the integrated system for caring for various aspects needed by human beings, there is hardly a part devoid of this feature, which is reflected on everyone, and among those concerns is its care for people with special needs because they enjoy the theory of "divine kindness" that they have enjoyed by the formative nature deposited with them, which made the view of the legal rulings towards them be crystallized between mitigating and facilitating, not out of pity – as it might appear at first sight – but out of equality of assignment due to the nature of the subject. For the foregoing and others, people with special needs have an advantage in Islamic legislation, the reality that calls for revealing the nature of the philosophy of Islamic legislation to them in an accurate way, far from listing the legal rulings that are specific to them themselves.

E-learning contributes to overcoming learning difficulties this was confirmed by the results of some Algerian research and studies, where the results of this research showed that the teacher uses technology to improve teaching methods for people with learning difficulties, electronic applications are considered one of the modern methods of teaching and learning for this category, studies have also shown that educational technology helps students with learning disabilities to acquire various skills (whether linguistic, written or cognitive…).
This research paper aimed to identify the role of e-learning in overcoming learning difficulties according to the results of Algerian research and studies, to provide a strategic vision on the education of students with special needs in general and those with learning difficulties in particular, keeping pace with the recent technological development.
The research paper also aimed to identify e-learning, define of learning difficulties, and identify the findings of previous studies and the theoretical heritage in Algerian University about the role of e-learning in overcoming learning difficulties, considering this category is among the categories of people with special needs that need special capabilities to facilitate their learning.

The study aimed to identify the nature of the relationship between perceived social support and the level of quality of life for the physically disabled, with knowledge of the ability of social support to predict the quality of life, and search for differences in each sex, educational level, age, and economic level, for a sample of (68) physically handicapped people, of whom (45) are males, and (23) females, their ages range from (20 years to 54 years), and the perceived social support scale of "Sarson" (1983) was used, and the quality of life scale was used. associated with health, and after application and statistical treatment using SPSS, the following results were reached:
1- There is a positive relationship between perceived social support and quality of life for the physically disabled.
2- Perceived social support predicts the quality of life for the physically disabled.
3- There are no differences between the sexes in the perceived social support of the physically disabled.
4- There are no differences between the sexes in the level of quality of life for the physically handicapped.
5- There are no differences in the levels of perceived social support according to the variable of age among the physically disabled.
6- There are differences in the level of quality of life according to the age variable in favor of the elderly who are physically disabled.
7- There are no differences in the levels of perceived social support according to the variable of the economic level of the physically handicapped.
8- There are differences in the level of quality of life according to the variable of the economic level in favor of the good level of the physically handicapped.

The role of the media in cultural and social institutions is very important in influencing public opinion, as it is one of the basic rules in changing the views of people with special needs, and some private parties in their cases in order to equalize their rights with members of society in order to be productive for society instead of providing for them.

The current research aimed to identify the Perceptual motor difficulties among students with learning disabilities, as well as the significance of the differences in the difficulties of motor perception among students with learning difficulties according to the gender (male-female). To achieve the objectives of the research, a tool to recognize the research variable (difficulties of motor perception), the scale consisted of (20) items, and the validity and reliability of the scale were verified and applied. The tool was based on a sample of (200) male and female students, and the results were as follows:

The inclusive education is a holistic approach by which all students are given full right to be educated on the same footing of equality regardless of their ability, colour, race, or language. In this regard, the objective of this study is to probe to which extent students with disabilities are benefiting from educational, instructional and guidance services in public schools in the Orient region of Morocco. It surveys real field practices and investigates the main actors’ representations. It takes pedagogical and managerial actors’ views into consideration to know their willingness to establish an effective inclusive education in public schools and guarantee success to disabled students by neutralising physical and psychological barriers. However, the study puts first the official orientations and texts under study. Then, it directs questionnaires to teachers and directors and pedagogical counsellors to question their ability and readiness to work for the successfulness of inclusive education strategy. In addition, it asks about students views and their aspirations from schools, and heads for their future projects and strategies. After collecting both quantitative and qualitative data the conclusions drawn are: 1- the process of institutionalization is proceeding in a vigorous way in the establishment of regional and local structures to implement inclusive projects. 2 – There are some activation constraints related to pedagogical and educational matters. 3- All the questioned groups have positive attitudes towards inclusive education and its components, and they are willing to work for its advancement and development. However, this willingness hides behind it many fears and apprehensions related to didactic and pedagogical matters that need further research and study.

The issue of children with special needs has attracted the attention of many researchers due to their increasing proportions in society, and based on the right of education, and taking into account the principle of individual differences between children, they need special educational services, and multiple categories of people with special needs, including those with a slight mental delay, emotional disorder, behavioral or learning disabilities, the latter is the subject of our research where this category aroused great uncertainty because the individuals appear in the form of ordinary children. Therefore, we will try to focus on the definition of this category because it is the main entrance to identify diagnostic methods, and propose appropriate educational services for them.

Schooling children with disabilities is one of the major humanitarian issues throughout history in gen-eral, and in Arab societies in particular. Whether in its economic, social, or family dimension, in the context of ensuring that a child with a disability can obtain his right to education in public school, and health care services that lead him to achieve total social integration, as stipulated in international char-ters and agreements represented in not excluding children in a position of disability from general edu-cation due to disability, and enabling them to obtain free education on an equal basis in order to achieve the principle of equal opportunities as their peers.
In this research, we aim to approach this subject in three major investigations. To change the stereo-typed image towards the disabled child, and to the need for actual attention to this category by involv-ing all the actors and those involved in the educational process.

The rights of the disabled children witnessed an important development at the international level, where a set of international covenants were issued to set the basic principles to protect the rights of this group and advance its conditions, and Morocco worked to ratify the various of these covenants, and was also keen to adapt its legislations with its contents, and commitment to protecting the rights of this category by issuing a set of legal texts, and establishing official and unofficial institutions concerned with ensuring the development of these children, their care and integration into society, but the situation of children with special needs in Morocco is still affected by several constraints and difficulties that prevent their practice of their public life naturally and soundly.

The Ministry of National Solidarity, Family and Women's Issues in Algeria assumes the responsibility of taking care of the people with special needs, taking care of them and providing them with a decent life, and at the top of its interests is trying to integrate them into school life to receive knowledge on a systematic scientific basis. Among the most important institutions that were established in the same endeavor is (The School For Hearing-Impaired Children) in the city of Tlemcen affiliated to the Directorate of Social Activity and Solidarity of the state.


The field study within this institution allowed me, in my capacity as a researcher in the sciences of the Arabic language and its applications, to get acquainted closely with the educational method used and the methods used to teach the Qur’anic text to children being taught, to stand on the difficulties faced by educators while performing their task on one hand, and the teachers on the other hand, and the extent of their effectiveness. The available teaching aids, as I suggest an alternative and auxiliary teaching method that I obtained a copy of, is represented in the application (interpretation of the meanings of the Holy in sign language), prepared by King Fahd Complex for the Printing of the Holy Qur’an in Medina, and testing its results in the classroom through a pretest and a posttest. It has a sample of the students of this school, which we decided after consulting with the specialists that the (integrated section for the level of the fifth year of primary education) be an applied field, due to the ability of its students and their readiness for the tests.