AL-Anbar University journal of Economic and Administration Sciences

This study aimed to demonstrate the impact of banking risks (liquidity risk, credit risk, operating risk) on the market value of the shares of Saudi Islamic banks (Al Rajhi Bank, Al Balad Bank, Al Jazeera Bank, Bank of alinma). The researcher used the analytical descriptive approach (panel data method). The study found a number of results, the most important of which are: The existence of a statistically significant impact of banking risks (liquidity risk, credit risk, operating risk) on the market value of Saudi Islamic banks' shares. The study recommended that attention should be paid to finding a balance between liquidity and profitability, ensuring that customers are able to meet their various obligations and efficiently complete internal operations in the bank.

The research aims to find out the impact of exchange rate fluctuations on oil revenues, using a method that combines the descriptive approach and the analytical approach through extensive knowledge of the various theoretical aspects of the exchange rate policy and oil revenues. The quantitative and inductive analytical approach of using standard models was relied upon. To estimate the nature of the relationship between exchange rate fluctuations and oil revenues in the Iraqi economy for the period (2004-2022). Using Eviews program based on the ARDL methodology.
The study concluded that the results of the reliability test for the study variables are not stable with respect to the original levels, but when the first differences are made on the same variables; We note that it has stabilized at different levels of importance, and it was also found that the highest percentage of the contribution of oil revenues to public revenues was in the year (2004) at a rate of (98%), while the contribution of oil revenues to public revenues recorded the lowest value in the year (2015) at a rate of (77%). The highest value that the parallel exchange rate reached during the study period was in 2022, when it reached 1,482 Iraqi dinars against one US dollar, while its lowest value was in 2009, when it reached 1,182 dinars against one US dollar. The analytical side proved the existence of an inverse relationship between exchange rate fluctuations and oil revenues, as the compound growth rate of the exchange rate reached (-4%), while the compound growth rate of oil revenues reached (6%). On the harsh side, the study confirmed the existence of a short-term inverse relationship, linking Exchange rate fluctuations and oil revenues are consistent with economic theory.

Diagnosing the role of international finance and its economic contribution is one of the important topics for study and research. Therefore, the current study sought to diagnose the levels and trends of international finance in the Iraqi economy during the period (2004 - 2022), as well as the contribution of the forms of this financing to some economic indicators, represented by the two gross domestic product indicators. and fixed capital formation. The descriptive and deductive analysis methodology was adopted in order to achieve the study's objective and hypothesis.
The study concluded that the contribution of international finance to some indicators of the Iraqi economy was not at the required and effective level, which may lead to a change in the productive and investment reality of the Iraqi economy and its desired development, due to the presence of economic, political and security factors that discourage the relative importance of international finance in Iraq during the period of the study.

The research aims to measure the effect of some indicators of working capital on the quality of assets, as indicators for the independent variable represented by working capital were used, which are: trading ratio, return on assets. The research was applied in the Iraqi banking sector on a sample consisting of (16) banks for a period of ( 2015 - 2022), and using a group of statistical and measurement methods and programs, including (Excel) and (12.Eviews v) programs, and using (Paneldata) to test the relationship between the research variables, and after analyzing the research data and testing its hypotheses, the researcher reached a set of results, the most prominent of which is: the presence of a significant effect. The working capital with its indicators on the quality of assets of the private Iraqi banks in the research sample has a statistical significance, as the results of the financial analysis showed the validity of the main hypothesis that the banks in the research sample have the quality of assets for some of its indicators (the trading ratio of return on assets, meaning that the banks have sufficient working capital To achieve acceptable asset quality for most banks, the researcher recommends that banks that have not achieved the required asset quality should reconsider their policy followed in bank management to reach what other banks have reached To acceptable levels of asset quality

The research aims to clarify the position occupied by e-marketing in improving the tourism service in the tourism agency under study and to know the extent of the use of technology and electronic communications and their impact in providing a good tourist service to the customer.The hypotheses were built on the test that there is a relationship (correlation) of significant significance between e-marketing and service improvement in the tourism sector, and there is a significant effect of e-marketing and service improvement in the tourism sector. Statistical methods were used both frequencies and percentages, arithmetic mean, standard deviation, linear correlation analysis to summarize the data, while inferential statistics were used to examine the relationship between e-marketing and services in the tourism sector and the correlation of the research variables was analyzed by calculating the Spearman correlation coefficient for the correlation of ranks between the e-marketing axis and the service axis in the tourism sector, and the five-gradient questionnaire was used as a tool to collect information about the research sample The questionnaire form was distributed to 70 employees, including 33 male and 37 female employees For the period 5/2/2023 to 15/3/2024 for a group of tourism companies in Baghdad, the statistical program SPSS was employed to extract the results, and one of the most important results of the research is the existence of a significant correlation between e-marketing and tourism service. One of the most important recommendations put forward by the research is the need to pay attention to new dimensions of e-marketing by building a long-term relationship with customers in order to achieve the highest loyalty for as long as possible, resorting to collecting and intensifying information about the customer to exploit it in a correct way to attract them and gain their loyalty by providing the appropriate services, And maintaining tourism services and providing new services using modern methods and techniques.

The research aims to identify the stages of chaos management represented by (pre-event stage, during the event stage, post-event stage) as chaos is one of the challenges facing the Iraqi Premier League football clubs, which affects the athletic and administrative performance and hinders the achievement of its goals. The study community is represented by the Premier League football clubs, which amount to (9) sports clubs, and a random sample of (76) individuals from administrators and coaches in the clubs was selected, and in agreement with the objectives and hypotheses of the research, it relied on the descriptive analytical and field approach using questionnaires and interviews to collect data, and a number of statistical methods were used to analyze the data obtained based on the program (SPSS, V.26). The research concluded that the success of clubs in managing and overcoming organizational chaos is through building flexible strategic plans and improving the leadership skills of both administrators and coaches, and the research concluded with the need to benefit from the previous experiences of clubs, especially in managing chaos

This research aims to test the extent of disclosure of Sharia items in the financial reports of Islamic banks listed in the Iraq Stock Exchange. Disclosure of Sharia items is of interest to various categories of users of financial reports in order to make appropriate decisions. 22 items were identified to test the extent of their disclosure in the financial reports of the research sample consisting of 11 Islamic banks listed in the Iraq Stock Exchange, where a checklist was adopted to achieve the purpose of this research. The research found that the percentage of disclosure of Sharia controls ranges between 54% and 68%, and these percentages are considered at an average level and do not adequately meet the needs of decision makers from investors and others. The research also found that disclosure of Sharia controls does not receive the required attention from Islamic banks or from the regulatory authorities of the financial markets, as Islamic banks rely on a semi-fixed model of items that are disclosed in the annual financial reports.

The current research seeks to test the role played by human resources shock in enhancing the ability of the organization in the field of research to build self-managed work teams within it, as human resources are considered the most important and valuable resources of the organization, so they must be dealt with professionally and highly professionally. The research problem confirmed the lack of knowledge of the organization under study of the importance of balancing positive and negative shocks in motivating its human resources and investing the results of that in building self-managed work teams. Accordingly, the importance of the research emerges through presenting a set of recommendations that contribute to addressing this problem. As for the objectives of the research, they are represented in diagnosing the reality of these variables and the nature of the relationship between them in the organization under study. The researchers relied on the foundations of the descriptive analytical approach in writing their research with its theoretical and applied aspects. They also designed a questionnaire based on a set of previous ideas of researchers and specialists, after adapting them to suit the Iraqi environment, which was distributed to a sample of workers in the General Company for Vegetable Oil Industry. The tools used in processing the data are the measures of central tendency available in ready-made statistical programs. After discussing the interpretation of this data, a set of results were reached that confirmed the interest of the company under study in applying the shock of human resources and self-managed work teams within it, in addition to the validity of the research hypotheses.

The purpose of the current research is to reveal the impact of digital transformation in its dimensions "technology, digitization of operations, databases, human resources" on the efficiency of applying financial technology in its dimensions "security, digital payment systems, social impact, innovation, perceived benefit" among a sample of information systems accountants in Iraqi commercial banks. The research problem emerged regarding the use of digital transformation and "financial technology" by the surveyed banks. This problem lies in the lack of environmental stability, limited financial infrastructure, and weak human expertise. Therefore, the research problem was formulated in an important question (What is the impact of digital transformation on the efficiency of applying financial technology in Iraqi commercial banks?), From here, an important goal was identified, which was to identify the impact of digital transformation on the efficiency of applying financial technology in the surveyed banks. In order to determine the level of research variables, the questionnaire tool was adopted by distributing (125) questionnaires to information systems accountants to measure the nature of the level of the studied variables. (118) questionnaires were retrieved, with (9) damaged questionnaires and (109) valid questionnaires for analysis. To analyze the results, the following was adopted: Statistical packages for my programs (SPSS&AMOS.V.29), and the research relied on several important tests represented in "arithmetic mean, standard deviation, stability coefficient, normal distribution test, correlation coefficient, regression coefficient, and interpretation coefficient," and as a result, the research came out with various results, foremost of which was the existence of a significant correlation between digital transformation and financial technology, which contributes to encouraging innovation to develop new financial products and services that meet the changing market needs. The results also showed that digital transformation helps banks improve the efficiency of internal processes, which leads to a reduction in time spent on transactions, as well as digital transformation processes can provide smoother and faster financial services, which supports customer satisfaction and loyalty. Based on this, the research recommended that commercial banks should invest in modernising and developing technological infrastructure to ensure the provision of efficient and secure services, which improves the organisation of training and development programmes for employees to improve their skills in the use of financial technology.

The aim of the research is to investigate the impact of financial shocks to financial and economic variables such as the decline in oil revenues, exchange rates and public spending on the Iraq Stock Exchange index, based on daily data of the closing prices of the Iraq Stock Exchange during the period (30/6/2014 - 12/1/2017), and using the (GARCH) model. The study found that the Iraq Stock Exchange index was affected by financial shocks, and it was found that the shock to the Iraq Stock Exchange index amounted to (0.96), indicating that the size of the shock had significant repercussions on the financial sector level. The study recommended paying attention to the balance in supply and demand for shares during the stage of financial shocks that affect the market for shareholders because the market must undergo a correction movement after the shock occurs

Public policies translate strategic goals into practical outcomes to help societies advance, but they depend on the success of communication between policymakers and implementers. This paper will examine structural and contextual barriers to understanding and execution, such as policy complexity, conflicting priorities, and ambiguity in roles. By drawing from empirical cases and literature reviews, it identifies breakdowns in communications and proposes solutions that integrate motivational theories in mitigating organizational frictions and aligning design with implementation. Key strategies will be simplifying the language used within policies, visual aids, and role-specific training that would enhance comprehension and stakeholder buy-in. Collaborative frameworks of two-way communication, shared decision-making, and active stakeholder participation have emerged as critical in bridging gaps between policy intent and its execution. These findings point to the interaction of communication practices and organizational behavior and give some actionable recommendations for the improvement of public administration systems. This approach promotes clarity and collaboration in addressing communication gaps, hence ensuring sustainability in policy outcomes and effective service delivery.

The study aims to test the impact of supply chain management on manufacturing performance and product quality in the General Company for Leather Industries. To achieve the study objective, the survey analysis approach was adopted. (68) questionnaires were distributed to the company's employees. Descriptive statistics were relied upon in analyzing the data, and the following statistical tools were used (arithmetic mean, standard deviation, coefficient of variation, simple linear regression equation) based on the (SPSS) program. Direct hypotheses were also tested. The study reached a set of results, the most important of which is that there is interest in supply chain management, manufacturing performance, and product quality and that supply chain management affects manufacturing performance and product quality. The study concluded that the company's management must commit to developing the supply chain, paying attention to manufacturing processes and working to continuously improve product quality by reducing waste, damage, and overproduction and adopting high-quality raw materials.