AL-Mostansiriyah journal for arabic and international studies

The research dealt with studying the tourist attractions of the river islands in the Dhuluiya area, as they are the most prominent geomorphological features in the Tigris River, which contribute to the progress and prosperity of tourism activity, through proper planning and management and providing an environment with interesting natural qualities of vegetation, suitable climate and clean water, which It helps to attract tourists, raise the standard of living of the population of the study area, develop the infrastructure for tourism facilities established on the islands, raise the level of environmental awareness, protect it from pollution and deterioration, and preserve it. The study relied on two approaches, namely descriptive and analytical, after revealing the spatial relationships between the appearances of the river islands and their tourism qualifications, by relying on planning policies for the development of these islands after relying on the natural, human and ecological components and properly employing them as a basic pillar in planning and solving the problems that these islands suffer from and qualifying them for tourism in a scientific manner. thoughtful.
The study aims to highlight the potential of the river islands and their development and investment for tourism activity through their advancement, as well as drawing up development policies in accordance with tourism planning alternatives that enhance the economic and social activity of the region’s residents.
key words: Ecotourism, tourism development, tourist attractions, ecosystems.

The tourism industry is of the most important global industries, as it has become the industry of the age and the future, this occupies activity an important place in the economies of countries that recognize the importance and taking appropriate attention as a tributary streams of economic development, and Iraq, which has a lot of potential tourist attractions, but it did not receive the required attention and appropriate, and faced many obstacles and challenges that are still facing the development of tourism . And it should activate this vital sector and thinking seriously planning to develop a clear strategic for tourism development, and for this purpose research aims to exposure to the reality of the tourism sector and the ingredients lured, and the most important obstacles facing the development of tourism, then its future prospects .
Keywords: tourism, Iraq, reality, challenges.

Abstract
Objectives: Shedding light on one of the types of tourism, which is desert tourism, which has increased in importance after the development of human civilization, the diversity of means of technology, the crowding of cities, and their environmental problems that characterize the western regions of Iraq, especially Anbar Governorate and its part, which possesses the geographical components for the success of this type of tourism.
Method: The descriptive approach was adopted in identifying the existing reality of tourism activity in these desert areas, a large portion of which are remote. The analytical-deductive approach was also adopted to analyze the natural and human components that these parts enjoy and identify the plant and animal species.
Results: The western parts of Anbar Governorate are replete with geographical components, such as location, climate, topographic characteristics, and water and plant resources, which constitute a basic cornerstone for the success of desert tourism, in addition to the human components represented by man and his effective role through his economic projects that enabled him to repair these parts, penetrate them, rebuild them, and identify areas Economic and social investment, environmental and tourism awareness constitute another component of desert tourism.
Conclusion: Urging the relevant authorities to achieve optimal investment in this type of tourism and establishing roads and tourist resorts, and urging the community to practice this type of tourism and invest its resources in serving everyone, maximizing revenues, eliminating the state of population imbalance, and supporting the security aspect of those areas.
Keywords: tourism, desert, Anbar

Abstract:
There is no doubt that Iraq is one of the most important tourist countries in the Middle East region due to the many diverse tourist sites that extend throughout its geographical area from its northernmost point to its southernmost point, and include archaeological-historical sites, religious shrines, , churches, and the shrine of Abraham.
Tourism in Iraq has taken a new form and a path different from what it was before 2003, as many factors contributed and affected it negatively and positively, especially religious tourism, which took a single pattern and changed it over twenty years, and the concerned authorities did not work on its two parts (the Authority and its subsidiary institutions or the religious endowments) to develop and advance it by the requirements of the times and in keeping with modern religious tourism programs in countries such as Iran, Turkey, and Saudi Arabia, and in a way that contributes to the economic development of Iraq, which is primarily related to the government program and its political authority, which directed all its attention towards providing security and logistical support for the religious events that witnessed Unprecedented numbers of tourists from different countries.
Keywords: religious tourism, holy shrines, archaeological-historical sites.

Abstract:
Tourism is one of the aspects of development that is based on data that distinguishes the spatial and temporal environments in light of which requires its revival, and this is what most countries that possess the elements of tourism such as antiquities and distinctive natural landmarks seek to achieve. Tourism is in the marshland areas that are proud of their heritage, authenticity, and the depth of their civilization, which makes them an attraction point that is not limited by season or period, but rather they are tourist areas at all times and seasons. These areas are important tourist bases that affect human activity through their development in general, and which have become among the internationally protected areas to be the starting point towards achieving comprehensive development, expanding the labor base and revitalizing the cycle. In addition, the marshes in Iraq are considered the home of the first civilization known to the ancient world, and they are the link between the inhabitants of the present and ancient times, and the vocabulary, cultures, customs and food of the Sumerians still live to this day among the marsh community. Addressing this topic and showing the importance of investing in the marshes in tourism comes through the investigations that It was determined in the research, which is to identify the marshes and their geographical locations in Maysan, then to identify their touristic, economic and social importance because these areas possess the elements of development in these areas and their repercussions on the individual and society to achieve economic and social development for those areas and invest them in tourism to be an important tributary of the material and cultural resources that work. To raise the standard of living of its residents and highlight the importance of tourism in learning about the customs and traditions of different peoples through the meetings achieved by tourism, which work to reveal the desired behaviors of different values and ethics and influence each other, as well as highlighting the most important components of tourism, including the availability of a suitable climate and the diverse biological environment that is characterized by It includes the marsh areas, and finally, some recommendations that may work to develop tourism in the marsh areas.
Keywords: marshes, tourism, Maysan

This research aim to tourist problem has an increasing importance because of its vital and prominent role that plays in the growth of economics for most of the countries. The touristic development is considered as an essential element among the elements of the economic activity. It results into several economical environmental architectural and political affects that farm the goal of tourism. Mosul city is well known by its ancient civilization as tourist wealth Paying Attention to this wealth and making use it correctly leads to make Babylon governorate play an effective role in the development of Iraq tourism.
Key word ; environmental tourism , Mosul city , forest zone , tourism obstacles.

Abstract
Religion has been one of the most prominent components of the emergence of cities since ancient times, and it has been credited with the establishment and establishment of many cities in various parts of the world that specialized in providing religious services over other services. Religious functionality has become its prominent feature, and this requires certain specifications, urban styles, facilities, spaces, and spaces for practice. Worship rituals the religious motive is one of the most important motives that drive a person to travel and move from one place to another in order to visit places of religious sanctity. Religious tourism is one of the oldest types of tourism, which is based on purely religious motives. It is characterized by sophistication, permanence, and intensity of presence. The religious tourist visits its sites for the purpose of satisfying his spiritual needs, performing religious duties, or practicing sacred rituals in an atmosphere full of faith. Through it, he reaches a state of reassurance and psychological stability.
In Iraq, many religious cities have spread throughout its area, belonging to sects and religions that have inhabited its land since ancient times and practiced their worship rituals in its temples. Among these sects are the( Sabeaa- Mandaean) who inhabited the regions of southern Iraq and then spread from them, as a result of various reasons, to other regions inside and outside Iraq and as they settled in their new cities. One of the necessities of their lives was building the temple known as the ( mandi ) .
Tourism development of religious sites, especially for the temples of this sect, works to avoid the sacred religious site being depleted or extinct, or being exposed to environmental imbalances or pollution due to any of its causes. The financial capabilities should be provided to reach the site through a rapid transportation network and the provision of services such as hotels, restaurants, etc., with attention to the religious site, continuous work on its development and maintenance, and care to implement all means and instructions that have a positive interaction with the environment to protect it and ensure the stability of the people of the sect in those cities.
Keywords: tourism development, religious tourism, Sabeaa-Mandaean

Abstract
Most countries with a religious tourism offer are interested in religious
tourism due to its social and psychological impact at the same time. The
factors of tourist attraction in one country differ from those in another
country or in one region from another, as historical areas occupy the
forefront among the strongest tourist attractions, and the city represents.
Karbala is one of the most important religious centers in the world and in
the Islamic world specifically. Religious areas are distinguished by their
connection to the historical element on the one hand and to religious and
emotional factors on the other hand, which made it one of the most
intended areas for temporary visits for tourist purposes, in addition to the
natural capabilities that Karbala Governorate possesses that qualify it for invested and the tourism supply requirements are provided to be an
inexhaustible source of economic development .
Keywords: religious tourism / elements of tourist attraction / projects to
develop the tourism offer / tourism development
It will be a distinguished center for tourism in Iraq if these capabilities are

Abstract :
The tourism and travel industry is the second largest industry on the global level and is expected to grow and prosper to become the largest industry in the world. Ecotourism brings together many factors, including economic, social, cultural, demographic and political factors. It is an economic activity that cannot be ignored within the economic components of countries and becomes an important policy like other commercial policies in the world. It increases national income, improves the balance of payments, is a source of hard currency, and is an opportunity to employ the workforce. It is also a cultural message and a bridge for communication between cultures and human knowledge. It is a factor that attracts tourists and satisfies their desires in terms of visiting various natural places and visiting local communities to learn about their customs and traditions. The development of ecotourism benefits human societies, so tourism must be comprehensive in its content, ambitious and realistic in its goals .
Ecotourism in Iraq still needs many components that have not been invested, as it requires a wide structure of tourism institutions and various complementary services .
Keywords: Environment, development, tourism.

The topic of archaeological sites and their impact on the reality of tourism and the prospects for its development in Iraq revolves around the importance of antiquities in forming the historical foundations of the entity and identity of Iraq, as a clear witness to interrogate the cultural achievement through its tangible effects on life experiences in different historical eras. Archaeological tourism in Iraq faces many challenges that... The development of this important sector is hampered, the most prominent of which is the issue of the security situation, as terrorist threats and armed conflicts have had a major impact on archaeological sites, museums and tourism throughout the country. The issue of “tourist security,” which is related to the regulations and laws that regulate the management and maintenance of archaeological sites there without affecting any work of tourists, represents another challenge in light of the antiquities trade.
Keywords: antiquities, tourism, Iraq, heritage, history

Abstract
Karbala Governorate represents a religious weight among the holy cities in the world. How could it not be, since its soil was honored to embrace the body of the grandson of the Messenger of God, Imam Hussein bin Ali, and his brother Abbas, peace be upon them. Therefore, we see millions of people visiting this place annually to visit the two shrines, bless them, and renew the pledge of allegiance for the love of the family. The house of the Messenger of God, and the human weight that this crowding represents, is unparalleled in a specific geographical area. Therefore, the Arba’een visit became the beacon of Karbala due to its role in the development of the city from many aspects, perhaps the most prominent of which is the economic field, and it has a role and influence in establishing security, peace, and political stability within the governorate compared to the rest of the governorates of Iraq, where The Arbaeen visit has contributed and continues to contribute to the development of an important aspect of the economic aspect, which is religious tourism, as hotels have developed and the types of service provided within the hotels to visitors have attracted millions towards Karbala. Karbala Governorate is considered one of the attractive areas for economic projects, which are represented in several areas, perhaps the most prominent of which is religious tourism due to the attractive elements it provides. As well as the economic weight on service goods, which brings economic benefits. The hotel sector has become one of the important sectors in supporting the national economy and society alike, in addition to being a fundamental basis in absorbing unemployment among segments of society. The hotel is an economic, social and technical unit, a major complex system that achieves objectives, the most important of which are Providing shelter and food services to individuals in exchange for a specific fee, and this is what contributes to the economic development of the city of Karbala and its political stability. The visit of the Imams, peace be upon them, was and still is, in general, closely linked to politics, so much so that its birth is political and its targeting is primarily political, especially the visit of Hussein, peace be upon him. The city of Karbala has developed greatly with the development of the important aspect of tourism in the city of Karbala in particular and in Iraq in general. For the purposes of the study, we pose the following question: Did tourism activity during the fortieth visit of Imam Hussein, peace be upon him, have a role in the economic and political development of Karbala governorate? Therefore, the research came with two main axes, the first of which is dealing with hotel activity. And its role in the economic development of the city of Karbala during religious tourism and the Arba’een visit. The second discussed the Arba’een visit and its role in the political stability of the city of Karbala. The research came out with a set of conclusions and recommendations
key words: Tourism, Arbaeen visit, hotels

Abstract
In its approach and objectives, the research emphasized the blessed Arbaeen visit as one of the most important religious visits in Iraq, which is considered one of the million visits. Thus, through it, Iraq can spread its soft power on its soil, as it possesses all the elements and tools of soft power, including the media and popular diplomacy, as well as Studies and Research Centers The research problem is the extent to which the Arba’een visit has an impact on exporting Iraqi soft power. The hypothesis is that the Arba’een visit has an impact on spreading soft power.
While the research reached a number of conclusions and recommendations, the most prominent of which is that the Arba’een visit is a soft power par excellence and has an impact in exporting the Iraqi model of soft power. As for the most important recommendations, it is to include this visit in the educational curricula for various stages, as it is an Iraqi heritage before it is a Shiite heritage, as it shows Iraqi generosity. With the best picture.
Keywords: religious tourism, employment, soft power.

Abstract:
Parliament's inappropriate environment is the green lung and breath of the green economy. Therefore, good export tourism is certain and depends on natural industries with their various resources and wealth, in addition to the economic nationalisms led by humans to attract tourists. It also has a real impact in achieving pioneering development, which represents a reflective interface for the image of development. People in all fields are directly affected by the environment, as they work to achieve development goals on the one hand and protect and sustain the environment on the other hand.
International financial organizations and institutions (the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund, the International Finance Corporation, and other institutions) have tried to search for the necessary financing to address this phenomenon by innovating green financial instruments such as green funds, green stocks, and environmentally friendly investments (sustainable investment).
The Iraqi economy has been described as the most fragile country in the Middle East and North Africa region, and tangible climate changes have occurred, as temperatures recorded dangerously high levels, water levels fell, rains receded, desertification increased, and the concentration of gases rose, especially carbon dioxide. Despite this, Iraq tried to take some measures. Steps to mitigate the severity of climate changes in Iraq are represented by government initiatives and the Central Bank of Iraq. However, what is noted is the lack of direction towards building a green financial system for the sake of transformation and transition towards a global economy that takes into account climate changes and mitigates their severity. Climate shocks have become a major challenge facing the Iraqi economy and represent an obstacle to efforts Achieving sustainable development goals in Iraq.
Keywords: climate change, green economy, sustainable development, tourism, environment.

Tourism development is considered one of the most important processes that must be drawn to in tourist attraction areas, Tourism development is the improvement of tourism services and their needs, and tourism development requires the intervention of tourism planning as a scientific method aimed at achieving the largest possible rate of tourism. Tourism growth at the lowest possible cost and in the shortest possible time. The research highlights the potential for tourism development in the Numaniyah district, addressing the main problem represented by the neglect of aspects of tourism development in the Numaniyah district. If these aspects were exploited in the best possible way, it would benefit the residents of the district, raise their standard of living, and provide opportunities. Work, and be a destination for tourists from inside and outside the district. The research also addressed the concepts of tourism development and the natural and historical tourism potential, which is diverse, including the beauty of nature represented by the Tigris River, vast agricultural lands and fruitful orchards, as well as the presence of the Dalmaj marsh and the Numaniyah forest area, which represent a natural geographical environment with the resources it contains. Various flora and fauna. The study area also has a historical legacy with the presence of the shrine of the poet Abu Al-Tayeb Al-Mutanabbi, who is considered one of the greatest Arab poets of all time, in addition to the presence of Al-Najmi Palace and Tal Numan, which are historical evidence.
Keywords: tourism development - tourism planning - Al-Numaniyah District - Al-Najmi Palace.

Economic predictions of a decline in the importance of oil in the energy mix, and the global shift towards a carbon-free world, with the increasing effects of global climate change, threaten Iraq, which has a rentier economy that lacks the element of diversification and is highly dependent on fossil energy, specifically oil, which means the continuation of the structural imbalances of the Iraqi economy. In the future, with the rising risks to which fossil energy is currently exposed and the continued technological progress in the search for alternatives towards clean energy, which will be reflected in the Iraqi economy automatically; Fossil fuels are the largest contributor to climate change, as the amount of gas burned increases carbon dioxide emissions, making it face many challenges that burden it, hindering the development process, and hindering efforts to reduce poverty and enhance livelihoods. It is necessary to diversify the economy, and employ the oil sector to take its role before it depletes or its importance declines with global calls to confront climate change, and it would feed other economic sectors. Tourism investment is considered a complex industry and differs from any other industry because it benefits a large number of community members and its economic results are enormous, and it contributes to moving towards environmental sustainability and promoting the social and cultural development of local communities.

Abstract:
Iraq boasts a rich cultural heritage dating back thousands of years, making it home to some of the greatest civilizations and archaeological sites globally. Given the significant importance of archaeological sites in Iraq as tourist destinations, using artificial intelligence tools to convert archaeological maps into digital copies to serve as a "Digital Guide for Archaeological Tourism in Iraq" has become necessary. This initiative contributes to enhancing archaeological tourism, a vital sector capable of driving the economy and providing employment opportunities, despite various challenges including political unrest and tourism infrastructure shortcomings. Archaeological tourism includes visits to ancient historical sites such as the ruins of Babylon, the Ziggurats, the Mustansiriya School, and Malwiya Minaret in Samarra, among others, which position Iraq as a center of ancient civilization.
With continuous investment and development in the tourism sector, Iraq could become a prominent global tourist destination. Therefore, digitizing archaeological maps of the Iraqi Archaeological Atlas through platforms like Google Earth and smartphones has become essential, facilitating access and enhancing the country's tourism aspect. This digital transformation not only preserves historical resources but also expands their distribution electronically while maintaining their scientific accuracy and authenticity. The study highlights the idea of integrating artificial intelligence tools for this purpose, such as creating KMZ or KML files for the maps of the Iraqi Archaeological Atlas to serve as a "Digital Guide for Archaeological Tourism in Iraq," representing a significant step toward achieving this goal.