Euphrates Journal of Agricultural Science

The study was conducted during the 2018 growing season in a field belong to Horticulture and Forestry Division/ Iraqi Ministry of Agriculture / Al-Najaf Agricultural Directorate. Three varieties of basil were tested as the first factor including Ocimum basilicum var. basilicum (sweet basil), O. basilicum var. purple (red basil) and O. basilicum var. citriodorum. (lemon basil). The second factor was the effect of three sources of nitrogen fertilizers including chemical using Urea at the level of 400 mg. L-1, Organic fertilizer using a liquid organic nitrogen at 4 ml. L-1 and Bio- fertilizer using Azotobacter chroococcum at 5 gm. bacteria .m-2 was applied to the soil while the control treatment was the spraying with distilled water. Randomized Complete Block Design (R.C.B.D.) was used as a factorial experiment in a split-plot system with three replicates for each treatment. The L.S.D. test was adopted to compare mean with a probability of 0.05 level (P <0.05).The Results showed superiority of red basil cultivar increased the active constituents content of Linalool to 64.96 mg.gm-1 Myercene to 29.87 mg.gm-1. While the Nitrogen source with Bio-fertlizer was superior increased Camphor ,Linalool, Limoine and Myercene to 7.82,77.92,18.45and 35.86 mg.gm-1 respectively, compared with control treatment.

A field experiment was conducted during the spring and autumn season for 2019. In a private farm in Al-Mussaib project area, north of Babylon province, with the aim of studying the effect of thiamine concentrations and dates on the growth and yield of two cultivars of Mung bean. The experiment was conducted according to the arrangement of split split plots and distributed the treatments using the Randomized complete block design( R.C.B.D) with three replicates, The cultivars(local and Uzbekistan) obtained from local markets represented the main plots. As for the secondary plates, the three spraying stages (a stage after 30 days of emergence, a stage after 45 days of emergence and a stage after 60 days of emergence) and the sub-plots included thiamine concentrations and were as follows (spraying with distilled water only ,100 mg.L-1 , 200 mg.L-1 and 300 mg.L-1 ).The results of the statistical analysis of the data were as follows:
The local cultivar excelled the Uzbekistan cultivar in the number of pods, the pod length for the autumn season, the seed yield, the protein percentage, the Uzbekistan cultivar excelled in the weight of 1,000 seeds. The second date excelled the number of pods, the number of seeds, the weight of 1000 seeds, the seeds yield, the third date excelled in the protein percentage. The fourth concentration 300 ppm excelled in pod length, the number of seeds, protein ratio, second concentration exceeded in a number of pods, the weight of 1000 seeds, seed yield. The interaction between the cultivars and the dates led to a significant effect on the studied traits. The combination the local cultivars with the second date excelled in the number of pods, the number of seeds, while the combination between the local cultivar with the third date excelled in the protein percentage of the autumn season, the combination the Uzbekistan cultivar with the second date excelled in Number of seeds, weight 1000 seeds. Significant interaction appeared between the cultivars and concentrations in the studied traits, where the combination the local cultivar with the fourth concentration 300 mg.L-1 excelled in the pod length, number of seeds, and the protein percentage of the spring season, The interaction between the local cultivars with the second concentration 100 ppm excelled in the number of pods, seed yield, for the autumn season, The interaction between the Uzbekistan cultivar with the fourth concentration 300 ppm excelled in the pod length , the combination the Uzbekistan cultivar with the first concentration 100 ppm excelled in the weight of 1000 seeds. The bi-interaction between the dates and the concentrations significantly in the studied traits resulted in the combination the second date with the fourth concentration of 300 ppm excelled in the number of seeds. Pod, The combination between the second date with the first concentration 100 ppm excelled in the number of pods, the weight of 1000 seeds, seed yield, for the spring season, the combination the third date with the fourth concentration of 300 ppm excelled in the protein percentage for the spring season. The triple interaction between the cultivars, dates and concentrations was significant. The triple treatment between the local cultivar with the second date and the second concentration100 ppm excelled in the number of pods. plant for the autumn season, the triple treatment between the local cultivar , the second date with a fourth concentration of 300 ppm excelled in the number of seeds. Pod, The triple interaction between the local cultivar with the third date with the fourth concentration of 300 ppm excelled in the protein percentage for the spring season, the combination the Uzbekistan cultivar with the second date with the fourth concentration 100 ppm excelled in the weight of 1000 seeds for the autumn season, the combination the Uzbekistan cultivar with the second date with the fourth concentration 300 ppm excelled in the number of seeds. Pod.

This study was carried out during the growing season 2018-2019 on pomegranate cuttings in order to know the extent of its response to rooting and growth using the growth regulator (IBA) and the Rotex-3 compound and watering with magnetized water The study included the effect of three factors, the first factor three concentrations of growth regulator (IBA) It is (0,1000,2000 mg / l), and the second factor is three concentrations of the Rooting Rotex-3 compound (0,1000,2000 mg / l). The third factor is the quality of irrigation water where two types of irrigation water were used, normal water and magnetized water. Strongly (1500) causs, with four replications per transaction. The treatment of (1000)mg\\L concentration of IBA highest significal Increase in most characterists rooting and vegetative such as (percentage of rooting ratio , length root , number of roots , fresh weight roots , dry weight roots , seedling length , seedling dimension , number of branch ) record ( 70.04% , 15.52 cm , 6.12 root , 13.92 gm , 93.06 gm 72. 58 cm , 8.22 mm , 5.62 branch) respect play while (1000) mg\\ L Rootex-3 record highest significal Increase in same characteristic (percentage of rooting ratio , length root , number of roots , fresh and dry weight of root , seedling length , seedling dimension , number of branches ) was (84.25% , 4.89cm , 8.76mm , 5.58branch )while (2000) mg\\L Rotex-3 recorded highest significant Increase in too characters ( number of leaves , area of leaves ) was (90.16 leaf\\seedling , 7.87cm ) and ( 94.54 leaf\\seedling , 7.71 cm) respect ply the treatment of magnetic water recorded highest significal Increase in all rooting and vegetative characteristic and the combination treatment of (1000) mg\\L IBA + (1000) mg\\L Rootex-3 recorded highest significal Increase of most rooting and vegetative characteristic.

An experiment was conducted in the nursery of the college of Agriculture, University of Kufa during the agricultural season (2017-2018) in a house covered with green saran to study the effect of spraying organic acid (Lag-Humus) and chelated iron (Fe 6%, EDTA) on the growth and flowering indicators for freesia. The experiment was conducted according to The Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD), with three replicates and two factors. The first factor is spraying three concentrations of organic acid, which are (3, 0 and 6 ml.L-1) and the second factor is spraying three concentrations of chelated iron are (0, 20 and 40 ml.L-1). The averages were compared according to the Least Significant Difference Test (L.S.D) and at a probability level of 0.05. The results also showed that spraying organic acid at a concentration of (6 ml.L-1) with chelated iron at a concentration of (40 mg.L-1) significantly increased the dry weight of the total vegetative, the leaves content of total chlorophyll, floret diameter, the length of the flower inflorescence, vase life and the leaves content of iron which amounted to (1.75 g, 49.78 mg.100 g-1, 6.13 cm, 9.00 days and 47.50 mg.kg-1), respectively compared to the plants of control treatment, which gave the lowest values amounted to (1.01 g, 44.46 mg. 100 g-1, 3.23 cm, 6.33 days and 36.82 mg.kg-1). while spraying the organic acid at a concentration of (6 ml.L-1) with chelated iron at a concentration of (20 mg.L-1) significantly increased the number of leaves per plant, the leaves content of the total soluble Carbohydrate, the number of flower inflorescences per plant, the number of florets per flower, and the percentage of nitrogen and reduced the number days required to open the first floret which amounted to (8.33 leaves and 6.34 mg.kg-1 dry weight, 5.66 inflorescences, 12.33 florets, 2.03% 128.33 days), respectively compared to the control treatment, which gave the lowest values amounted to (3.00 leaves, 4.20 mg.kg-1 dry weight, 2.33 inflorescences, 6.00 florets, 0.62%), respectively and the highest average in the number of days required to open the first floret amounted to (138.00 days).

The study was conducted in the two growing seasons (2018-2017 and 2017-2016) in order to study the effect of urea fertilization, treating with ascorbic acid, and the number of times of its adding to Paulownia plant (Paulownia tomentose L.) and the success of its cultivation under the conditions of Basra province. The study included three factors: fertilizing with urea at a concentration of (0, 1.6, 3.2 g.plant-1) and treating with ascorbic acid at concentrations of (0, 30, 60 mg.L-1) in addition to the treatment of the number of adding times, which included once or twice addition in a month to the plant in the mentioned treatments. The study was conducted in the saran house, College of Agriculture, University of Basra, as a factorial experiment with the completely Random Block Design (CRBD), and the averages were compared with the least significant difference test at the probability level of 5%. The results showed that the urea treatment with a concentration of 3.2 g per plant increased significantly in plant height, the number of leaves, leaf area and percentage of dry matter in the total vegetative, where urea treatment at a concentration of (1.6 g.plant-1) led to a significant increase in stem diameter and dry weight of roots. The treating of seedlings with ascorbic acid at a concentration of (60 mg.L-1) caused a significant increase in the plant height, the number of leaves, and the percentage of dry matter for the total vegetative. There was no significant difference between the two concentrations of ascorbic acid (30 and 60 mg.L-1) in the effect on stem diameter and The percentage of dry matter for the root system and the total vegetative. The number of adding times had a significant effect on the studied traits, where the twice adding has excelled on the once adding in most traits. The triple and bi-interactions between the main factors were significant, and the best interactions were at the urea treatment at a concentration of (3.2 g. plant-1) and ascorbic acid a concentration of (60 mg.L-1) and twice adding in a month. The results of the first season were similar to the second growing season.

An experiment was conducted to test the nematicidal activity of different concentrations of the aqueous extracts of marigold (Tagetes spp.) and garlic (Allium sativum). Cucumber plants were grown in pots in 2018 in a greenhouse at the University of Sulaimani–College of Agricultural Sciences Engineering. Plant extract concentrations of 0, 10%, 20%, and 30% were prepared in1 liter of hot water. The extracts were applied to soil infested with nematodes which was brought fromYaranbag. The results showed that garlic recorded maximum shoot length (8.18 cm and 7.80 cm) when concentrations of 30% and 20% were used. The maximum root length (3.67 cm) was recorded with concentration 30 of garlic. Moreover, maximum number of leaves (7.33 cm) was recorded when 30% of garlic extract was applied. The significantly minimum numbers of galls/ plant (0.33 cm) were recorded when 30% of garlic was used. These results suggest that the application of marigold and garlic extracts would be a good alternative to manage root-knot nematode populations.

The research aims to identify the level of wheat farmers' knowledge by agricultural scientific recommendations for using chemical pesticides in controlling wheat pests in Al-Mahawil region for the agricultural season (2017/2018), in addition to determining the relationship between the level of farmers' knowledge with these recommendations and some independent variables (the cultivated area with wheat, the contribution of wheat cultivation to Annual income, educational level, agricultural experience). To achieve the research goal, a scale of 31 paragraphs divided into six axes was prepared. Data were collected from a random sample of 60 farmers in the Al-Mahawil region, by means of a questionnaire using the interview method. The research concluded that 76.67% of the respondents described their level of knowledge by these recommendations as weak and a medium (40.34 degrees). As well as, there is a significant relationship between the knowledge level of farmers and the independent variables (the cultivated area with wheat, the contribution of wheat cultivation to Annual income, educational level, agricultural experience). The research reached conclusions: The weak level of knowledge of farmers in the Al-Mahawil region by agricultural scientific recommendations for using chemical pesticides in controlling wheat pests. The researcher recommended several recommendations, including The General Authority for Agricultural Extension and all its foundations in the agricultural directorates and agricultural divisions, shall undertake the task of disseminating knowledge and expertise related to agricultural scientific recommendations for using chemical pesticides among wheat farmers.

The experiment was conducted during the spring season (2018-2019) in one of the fields belonging to the Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Al-Qasim Green University. After placing the silty clay loam soil in wooden containers (60 × 60 × 40 cm). The split-plot design (factorial experiment) was used according to The Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) to study the effect of the interaction between the salinity of irrigation water, spraying with selenium, and Humic acid on the soil traits and the growth and yield of yellow corn. The experiment included 54 treatments, which are the result of interaction between three factors: salinity of irrigation water (W) at three levels (1.8, 3, 6 dS.m-1), spraying with selenium at three concentrations of (0, 20 40 mg.L-1), spraying with humic acid at two concentrations of (0, 2 mg.L-1), with three replicates. The increase in the salinity of irrigation water led to a significant decrease in most studied plant traits, as well as concentrations of N, P, and K elements in the leaves. As for spraying with selenium and humic, it led to reducing the harmful effect of soil salinity. Thus, it led to a significant increase in the traits of studied plants and concentrations of N, P, K.

This study was conducted at Barkat Aby Alfadhl Alabbas station- Holly Abbas shrine- Karbala Province to investigate the effect of feeding two levels of concentrate, 2.5 and 3% of body weight and addition of sodium bicarbonate at rate of 20 kg/ton on blood parameters. Ground wheat straw was offered to lambs ad libitum. Sixteen male Awassi lambs with average weight of 27.84 kg and 4-6 months of age were randomly distributed into 4 treatments with individual pens, 4 lambs per each. The study was lasted for 70 days initiated with 14 days as preliminary period. Results showed that increasing concentrate levels significantly (P<0.01) increased blood concentration of total protein from 7.47 to 8.14 g/100 ml, urea nitrogen from 27.89 to 35.43 mg/100 ml and triglycerides from 27.90 to 30.70 mg/100 ml. Concentration of theses parameters were also increased (P<0.01) due to addition of sodium bicarbonate. All blood parameters with exception of glucose were affected (P<0.01) by the interaction between level of concentrate feeding and addition of sodium bicarbonate.

A field experiment was carried out at the Rice Research Station at Al-Mishkhab - Najaf province - Iraq country during 2019 season to investigate effect of irrigation periods and K fertilizer on Water-Use Efficiency (WUE) of rice mishkhab1 cultivar using Randomized Completely Block Design (RCBD) in a factorial arrangement with three replicates , Irrigation periods were the first factor namely, continuous flooding Irrigation (I1) as control , every 5 days Irrigation (I2) ,every 7 days Irrigation (I3) and every 10 days Irrigation (I4) and the second factor was K fertilizer levels namely, 30 Kg Donum-1(K1) as control 40 Kg K D-1, (K2) , 50 Kg D-1 (K3) and 60 Kg D-1 (K4) , means were compered using Least Significant Difference test (L.S.D) among treatments at 0.05 probability level and the results shows the following:
The (I2) treatment was significant superior on traits of (WUE) by 270 %, 17.1 % biological yield ,32.6% grain yield and for (WUE) by 86% as comparison with control (I1)

The effect of adding three types of sugars (sucrose, Glucose or mannitol) at concentration of 30 g.L-1 each to MS [13] or WPM [11] media and the effect of nutrient Conc. of MS and WPM in (half strength, full strength, full and half strength and double strength of nutrient)contain 2.5 mg.L-1 BA and 0.25 mg.L-1 IBA, on shoot multiplication of the pear plants cv. Othmany were studied. The results after eight weeks of multiplication, MS medium achieved the best result in all the studying characters, No. of shoots (3.70), shoot length (2.63 cm) and the No. of leaves (27.33). However, the sucrose had a significant effect on No. of shoots and No. of leaves (5.39 and 40.28) respectively, but the longer shoot was achieved in adding Glucose to the medium, which differs significantly from Mannitol. The effect of concentration of Nutrient media on shoots multiplication, the results showed that the higher No. of Shoots and leaves were achieved in WPM (4.81 and 41.54) respectively that not differ significantly of MS. As soon as the best significantly length of shoots (3.46 cm) was achieved in MS in comparison with WPM.

The study was conducted during the 2018 growing season in a field belong to Horticulture and Forestry Division/ Iraqi Ministry of Agriculture / Al-Najaf Agricultural Directorate. Three varieties of basil were tested as the first factor including Ocimum basilicum var. basilicum (sweet basil), O. basilicum var. purple (red basil) and O. basilicum var. citriodorum. (lemon basil). The second factor was the effect of three sources of nitrogen fertilizers including chemical using Urea at the level of 400 mg. L-1, Organic fertilizer using a liquid organic nitrogen at 4 ml. L-1 and Bio- fertilizer using Azotobacter chroococcum at 5 gm. bacteria .m-2 was applied to the soil while the control treatment was the spraying with distilled water. Randomized Complete Block Design (R.C.B.D.) was used as a factorial experiment in a split-plot system with three replicates for each treatment. The L.S.D. test was adopted to compare mean with a probability of 0.05 level (P <0.05).The Results showed superiority of red basil cultivar increased the active constituents content of Linalool to 64.96 mg.gm-1 Myercene to 29.87 mg.gm-1. While the Nitrogen source with Bio-fertlizer was superior increased Camphor ,Linalool, Limoine and Myercene to 7.82,77.92,18.45and 35.86 mg.gm-1 respectively, compared with control treatment.

The experiment was carried out in the municipality nursery of Najaf Municipalities Directorate during the spring season 2018 to investigate the effect of zinc nanoparticles in the non-enzymatic antioxidants of sunflower plant under water stress and plant response to reduce the number of irrigation periods in the presence of zinc nanoparticles.The Randomized Complete Blocks Design was used in this experiment, which dealt with two factors and the results were compared according to the Duncan multiple test. The first factor in this experiment was the water stress factor (irrigation every 3 days, irrigation every 6 days and irrigation every 9 days) while the second factor represented the effect of using zinc (control , ZnSO4 and zinc nanoparticles (ZnO) in 100ppm,by spraying three times for both zinc( normal and nano).Water stress caused a significant increases in antioxidants such as proline, glutathione, flavonoids, anthocyanins and ascorbic acid. The results also showed that Zinc nanoparticles caused a significant increase in all studied traits, except the leaf content of ascorbic acid ASA, in which zinc in both types significantly decreased this trait.
Keywords: sunflower,water stress, IAA,GA3, Zinc nanoparticles,Antioxidants.

The experiment was carried out in the lath cloth which belongs to the Agricultural Research Station / University of Basra / Karmat Ali site and for the growing season in 2017. It was aimed to study the vegetative, floral and antibacterial of Tecoma stans according to (RCBD) in a Factorial Experiment, which indicated the correspondence between the three factors of study such as the soil media which used three media (sandy loam, loam, silty clay) and the use of Biohealth biocatalyst with three concentrations (0, 2.5, 5) g/liter-1 and method of addition (spraying on the leaves or by addition to the soil) experiment .The results of plants grown in loam soil showed significant increase in the height, number of branches , leaves , content of chlorophyll and the number of inflorescence (124.65 , 16.94 , 138.52 , 73.20 , 12.93) respectively . Experimental plants used in this 5 gram.liter-1 biohealth caused a significantly increase significantly in the all vegetative and flowering characters . The addition method of biohealth to the soil was significantly increase in all the previous characters compared with spread method . Studies antibacterial activity of three leaves methanolic extracts ( A, B and C ) of Tecoma plant and their concentrations (0.1 , 0.2 , 0.3 )mg . ml ̄¹ of each extract and their interactions showed that significant effect in inhibition zone of Staph. aureus bacteria compared with other bacteria studied .

This study was conducted in the laboratory by preparing 60 samples (400-500 g, 5 replicates) of wheat straw silage to investigate the effect of addition of commercial inoculant of lactic acid bacteria at levels of 0, 1×105 and 1×106 cfu/g fresh matter date juice (debis) at levels 4, 6, 8 and 10%, at ensiling time on nutritive value of wheat straw. Therefore 12 different solutions were prepared to treat straw by mixing diluted date juice, urea at level of 1% and the bacterial inoculant. Results showed that addition of inoculant and increasing its level from 0, 1×105 and 1×106 cfu/g fresh matter increased (P<0.01) Fleig points from 42.72 to 74.01 and 104.51 points respectively. Significant (P<0.01) increase was also observed in in vitro digestibility of dry matter (IVDMD) from 41.38 to 45.03 and 50.03%, and organic matter (IVOMD) from 43.86 to 47.65 and 52.62% respectively. Higher (P<0.01) buffering capacity was associated with high level of inoculant at which aerobic stability of silage samples was decreased (P<0.01) to 63.20 hours. Results also showed that increasing level of date juice to 10% increased (P<0.01) Fleig points to 82.59 points, aerobic stability to 79.33 hours. Higher (P<0.01) IVDMD and IVOMD were achieved with higher levels of date juice. Characteristics of quality were also significantly (P<0.01) affected by the interaction between levels of inoculant and date juice.

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of level of concentrate feeding and addition of monensin on fermentation characteristics of Awassi lambs. 16 Awassi male lambs were used with 4-6 months of age and mean initial weight of 21.27 kg. concentrate diet was offered at 2 levels (2.5 and 3% of BW) with or without addition of monensin at rate 30 mg/kg DM, ground wheat straw was offered ad libitum. Results showed that increasing level of concentrate increased (P<0.01) NH3-N concentration from 6.59 to 7.13 mg/100 ml without affecting TVFA concentration which was significantly decreased (P<0.01) from 14.14 to 12.10 mmol/100 ml as a result of addition of monensin at rate of 30 mg/kg DM. Despite of slight increase, pH values were not significantly affected by both factors. Concentrations of NH3-N and TVFA showed significant response (P<0.01) to the interaction effect between those two factors. In the study of diurnal changes, rumen fermentation characteristics showed an expected responses to the time of withdrawing rumen fluid samples from lambs.

The research aims to identify tomato cultivator knowledge level in Zomar District/Nineveh province in tomato seedling production . To identify the variance in knowledge level depending on variables which are: cultivated area of tomato ; education level; number of the experience years of tomato farming ; land ownership ; sources of information ; previous training and type of farming career . Data was collected using a field questionnaire; the first part include from independent variables scale, while the second part include from measure of knowledge level consists of (34) items distributed on (4) fields are : preparation of seedling ; service the seedling in plastic household ; process of choice and pick up the seedling ,and planting the seedling in the arboretum land. Content validity and extreme comparison have been used to test validity; reliability coefficient has been tested using Kuder Ritchardson (0.88) ; also the items discrimination and difficulty coefficient have been found . The research society consist of all tomato cultivation(92) cultivators; data were analyzed using: Mean; Kruskal Wallis; Mann Whitney test. Results show that ( 44.565 %) of cultivators have a medium knowledge ; a higher knowledge level in preparation of seedling field .The result shows that there aren’t significant variances in knowledge level according to educational level ; Land ownership; sources of information . And there are significant differiences according to cultivated area of tomato ; experience years of tomato farming ; type of farming career . There are several recommendations and suggestions.

This research was conducted to study the importance of patients' opinions in garden design, Imam Al-Sadiq General Hospital / Hilla City - Babylon province. The study was conducted in two phases:
The first stage: - The theoretical study and included a presentation of the most important studies and research related to the subject of the study.
The second stage: - Field study and included (description of the current site and questionnaire).
The results were that (82.1%) of the respondents think that the hospital location is not appropriate, and that (98.5%) of the respondents prefer having gardens in the hospital, and that (68.7%) of the respondents believe that the gardens in the hospital help the speed of recovery.