Alustath Journal for Human and Social Sciences

The subject of this study is (communication skills between Arabs and other nations). This study came in three sections, with an introduction and a conclusion. Either the introduction was an introduction to the study, and lighting to work in it. I spoke briefly about the importance of communication skills, and I stood on the linguistic difference between impact and impact, which is the focus of research and the subject of study. The first topic is devoted to the study of communication skills between Arabs and other nations in the field of language. And concluded that the impact of non-Arabic languages in Arabic was limited to the entry of some vocabulary from those languages into Arabic.The second topic is devoted to the study of the impact of social relations in the field of writing. And explained the multiplicity of opinions and opinions on the origin of the Arabic writing, and showed that the Arabic script was derived from Nabatiyeh. The third topic was devoted to the study of communication skills in the field of Arab thought, and concluded that the Arabs benefited greatly from their contact with other nations. The effects of this communication were reflected in their social, cultural and intellectual life

This study was aimed to determine the level of self-regulated learning strategies and scientific mindfulness, to identify the nature of their relationship, and to identify the differences in both self-regulated learning strategies and scientific mindfulness among postgraduates in light of some demographic variables. The researcher selected a random sample consisted of (118) post graduate students, their ages ranged between (26-38) years, with an average age of (31.12) years, and a standard deviation of (3.698).Self-regulated learning strategies scale and scientific mindfulness scale were applied, all of which are prepared by the researcher. The results showed that there was an average level of self-regulated learning strategies as well as scientific mindfulness. A positive correlation statistically significant at (0.001) was found between self-organized learning strategies and scientific mindfulness (r = 0.535). The results also showed no statistically significant differences between males and females in the self- regulated strategies and scientific mindfulness among the postgraduate students in the program. In addition, there were statistically significant differences between the mean scores of males and females in the self-regulated learning strategies(t=9.218) and scientific mindfulness(t=11.158) between Masters and PhD students(in the favor of students PhD in both variables). The results of the simple regression analysis also indicate that self-regulated learning strategies are a powerful predictor of scientific mindfulness. The researcher explained the findings in light of the theoretical framework and previous studies, and developed a number of recommendations.

The current research aims to identify the self-activation of educational counselors in Baghdad governorate and its six directorates. In order to achieve the objectives of the current research, the researcher constructed the self-activation scale, which consisted of (36) paragraphs after extracting the force of excellence, and completing the conditions of honesty and consistency. The sample consisted of (300) mentors and guides selected from the original community of educational supervisors in Baghdad governorate. The researcher used a set of statistical fluids including t-test for the extraction of the unique force, one sample, the Pearson correlation coefficient, the stability coefficient, and the fcronbach. The statistical bag was used to reach the desired results in the research procedures. The existence of self-activation of educational counselors that it is a characteristic of the educational leader self-made sense of his experience as free and recognizes the fear and pain and aspects of weakness and sense of psychological functions at every moment and full dimensions and should be every new moment full of new experiences and useful and fun as he feels freedom towards himself or The direction of others and the direction of his environment and his tendency to be a creative person.

The increasing states of disorders and serious anxiety of school examination require a return research in this aspect. The most needed for our schools is to change ideas about curricula, and not to pose a threat to the student, especially if it becomes more difficult. So the current research addressed the idea of introducing sixth graders in the six hats strategy of thinking to reduce the level of anxiety test they feel before and during the school exam. The aim of the present study is to identify the impact of the six hats strategy of De bono in reducing the test anxiety of a sample of primary school students (22) students, with a one group experimental design. The results are low level of test anxiety after the experiment end; the difference is significant through the Wilcoxon, where the calculated value was (5). And the difference is no significant in test anxiety according to gender in the Mann-Whitney, with a calculated value of (32). The researcher recommended benefiting from this strategy and developing and applying it in primary schools and with the support of voluntary teams formed by Ministry of Education and Ministry Higher Education.

The current research aims at finding out the effect of the DRIVER model on the acquisition of scientific concepts in mathematics among students of the fifth grade scientific applied branch. The research sample was 63 students, 32 students for the experimental group and 31 students for the control group. A standardized tool was used to measure the acquisition of scientific concepts among the students of the two research groups, and a test consisting of (30) test paragraphs was prepared. And verified his sincerity and steadfastness. The results of the study showed that the students of the experimental group who studied mathematics according to the DRIVER model exceeded the students of the control group who studied the same subject according to the usual method in the test of the acquisition of scientific concepts. This is an indication of the effect of the DRIVER model.

The research aims at developing the title of the second grade students Department of Information Systems Management from the Faculty of Business Informatics, the sample of the research consisted of 36 students from the second grade as a group of tests with the tribal and post-test for the academic year 2017-2018. The researcher built the RISC program from 30 lessons according to skills The results showed that there were statistically significant differences in the level of 0.5 between the students' performance of the tribal and post-test for all dimensions of the scale in the development of their characteristics Personal and mental creativity in all seven dimensions of the scale and this indicates the impact of the RISC program and in the light of the results, the researcher developed a set of recommendations and proposals.

This paper addresses the issue of the width of the traditional grammatical discourse in embracing the modern pragmatic approach Besides, it refers to the fact that Arabic grammar is not mere a collection of formal rules alternately introduced and discussed by Arab grammarians, but the grammarians' thinking has a great effect in limiting meaning Therefore, the aim of this paper is to shed light on the mature thinking of IbinalHajib drawing the guidelines and the rules of grammar He was very keen to see the grammatical discourse fulfilling its goals as initiated by the speaker In addition, this serves the communication between both This has proved the double benefit and intention that the traditional grammarians had used before it has recently become of much interest in pragmatics .

This study aims at analyzing a selected poem "A Herbal" written by one of the greatest poets of the twentieth century; Seamus Heaney. The methodology is a corpus-based one. Using the tools of the computer to analyze and interpret poetry allows readers/ researchers to examine to what extent technology can bring the attention to crucial details that might be missed by human manual analysis. This does not imply that the later analysis should be neglected, but to emphasize employing both of the analyses to reach much more reliable results. In short, this study is qualitative and quantitative in nature.
This study has a great importance. There is an attempt to fill a gap in the area of analyzing poetry using corpus stylistics. As a matter of fact, few works are conducted by using corpus stylistics to examine poetry. The findings show how important to apply both quantitative and qualitative analyses to interpret and study literary texts. Relevantly, it can provide researchers with a better understanding of the themes, keywords, and the style of language. The obtained results have an objective trait. To put it differently, the data is examined by computational tools, here, WebCorp Live and Wmatrix, then the data is scrutinized in terms of manual study. In fact, this work demonstrates the importance of interdisciplinary work, here humanities (linguistics) and computer studies. The results reflect the importance of using technology to study literary texts.

This research consists of two parts: the theoretical part and the practical part. The first part provides a general description of idioms and idiomatic expressions. The definition of the idiom depending on different points of view and theories, its composition and types according to different standards and criteria, and the relation between the idiom and other linguistic phenomena were given in detail. To give a simplified and complete image about idioms and to pave the way to the second part of the research, which focuses specifically on one type of idioms "idioms from numbers", all aspects regarding the idiom should be clarified in detail. The reason for choosing this kind of idioms is the absence of studies that tackle it well, particularly in Iraq ,and this type represents the core of the second part of present research .This part refers to the importance and role of idioms from numbers in comprehension English at various levels such as syntactic, semantic , vocabulary and context. To achieve the purpose of this research, two tests (pre -test and post- test) have been constructed and presented to a group of specialists to verify their validity and reliability. Then, the two tests were applied to a sample consisting of 40 undergraduate students and a lecture dealing with the subject of research has been delivered to the sample. The results of the two tests have been analyzed statistically and compared with each other in order to show the progress of achievement of the sample at various levels of the language which were mentioned above . In the light of the results of the study, several conclusions were inferred, one of them, the important and effective role played by idioms from the numbers in teaching English as a foreign language for Iraqi students.

This paper discusses three noteable Irish poets: Augustine Joseph Clarke (1896-1974), Richard Murphy (1927- ), and Patrick Kavanagh (1904–1967), who are considered as keepers of national lore of Irland. It explains these poets’ contribution to world literature through the renewal of Irish myths, history, and culture. Irish poets tackle the problems of Irish people in the present in a realistic way by criticising the restrictions imposed on the Irish people in their society.
Augustine Joseph Clarke’s poems present a deep invocation of Irish past and landscape. While Richard Murphy offers recurring images of islands and the sea. He explores the personal and communal legacies of history, as many of his poems reveal his attempts to reconcile his Anglo-Irish background and education with his boyhood desire to be, in his words, “truly Irish”. Patrick Kavanagh was not interested in the Irish Literary Renaissance Movement that appeared and continued to influence many Irish writers during the twentieth century which called for the revival of ancient Irish culture, language, literature, and art. He, unlike the Irish revivalists who tried to revive the Gaelic language as the mother tongue of the Irish people like Dillon Johnston and Guinn Batten, uses a poetic language based on the day-to-day speech of the poet and his community rather than on an ideal of compensation for the fractures in his country’s linguistic heritage. The paper conculdes with the importance of the role of the Irish poet as a keeper and a gurdian of his national lore and tradition.

The study deals with adverbial movements as one of the common methods in the origin of the English language on the one hand, and because it is problematic for learners of English language on the other hand. The study assumes that Iraqi learners face difficulties in using these adverbial. Their performance at the cognitive level is better than the productive level. The hypotheses were varied through the adoption of a diagnostic approach to ten questions. The research was carried out on a sample of 190 students from the English language learners. Where the answers to the topics were collected and analyzed to extract the results of the study: The results indicated that students do not have difficulty in using English. and the subjects’ responses have been collected and analyzed in order to draw the findings of this study.
- These results indicate that the students don't face difficulty in using in English which, in turn, confirm the hypothesis of the study.
- There are main differences between males and females in the ability to understand the adverbial movement, and the differences in favor of females.

The present research examines the stereotypical representations of women and women's position in the discourse practices of Iraqi folk proverbs from a feminist stylistics perspective. Sara Mills' (2008) theoretical framework is adopted to analyze a sample of 315 proverbs drawn from written and oral sources. The analysis reveals that the sub-categories of woman in general and wife in particular are the most frequently targeted in Iraqi proverbs. Personal attributes are the most salient properties associated with Iraqi women compared to physical attributes. Women are generally represented negatively in the Iraqi proverbial discourse where proverbs are generally manipulated to disparage and denigrate women. The traditional ideals of hegemonic masculinity, patriarchal ideology and gender inequality are encoded in the discourse of these proverbs. That is, the institutionalization of male domination and the secondary position of women are grounded in the structure of Iraqi society. Finally, a number of conclusions are presented.

English is rich of idioms. Learning idioms is considered an integral part of vocabulary learning. Idioms of animals are very popular in everyday English and ESL and EFL learners should encounter them .The problem of this study is due to the fact that ESL and EFL learners may be unable to identify the intended meaning of idioms of animals since they are culture-bound and have colloquial sense. For example, “to beat a dead horse” has the abstract meaning talk about a topic other people think it is over whereas the contexual meaning is a failure or loser man. The current paper aims at identifying and figuring out the contextual meaning of idioms of animal. It is concluded:(1)ESL and EFL learners are unable to master these idioms because understanding their contextual meaning is difficult,(2) these idioms are culture-specific matter that needs further awareness of translators, ESL and EFL learners,(3)many ESL and EFL learners understand the literal meaning depending on dictionary meaning.

This developmental-longitudinal study aims to investigate the pragmatic development of Iraqi EFL learners in the use of external modifications of request over four years of study in authentic and elicited data. The authentic data is natural requests of Viber and WhatsApp while the elicited data is discourse completion test (DCT). The researcher has collected 202 authentic messages and 192 elicited messages from 24 learners. The external modifications are coded based on Blum-Kulka, House and Kasper’s (1989) and Economidou-Kogetsidis’s (2011) taxonomy of external devices.
The results unveil that there is an evidence of pragmatic development in the learners’ use of external devices in the two types of data. Yet, the use of these devices increases with increased study years particularly when these learners produce their natural requests. Besides, this study reveals that the authentic data includes authentic results occur in real context whereby natural and spontaneous utterances are produced. Hence, the elicited data must be used in addition to other types of research instruments to arrive at valid results because it does not accurately uncover the learners’ real development.

The ‘problem – Solution’ model of discourse structure, developed by Winter (1969, 1976, 1977) and extended by Hoey (1979, 1982, 1983) is one of the few models which combine surface linguistic study and local levels of text analysis with the overall structure of text. This model has been used in the analysis of non-narrative texts.
It is hypothesized that:
1. The problem -Solution pattern is used in narrative texts.
2. The lexical items can signal the rhetorical pattern in the text.
The study aims at investigating the validity of the above hypotheses by using Hoey’s model of analysis on Hemingway’s Cat in the Rain.
The analysis of the short story proved the validity of the proposed hypotheses and revealed the following:
• The writer followed a conventional order in presenting the information i.e. situation, problem, solution and evaluation.
• He communicated the rhetorical pattern to the reader through his clever use of the lexical items.
• The solution is always preceded by a pre-solution.
• The positive solution signals the end of the discourse and the negative solution signals another problem which confirms the reader’s expectations.