magazine aldhakwat albedh

Abstract:
Travel literature is one of the most important geographical, historical and social sources, because the writer takes information and facts from live scenes and direct perception, which makes reading it useful, enjoyable and entertaining.Travel literature is one of the literary arts that appeared in the Abbasid era in the third century AH. They paid great attention to this art, and perhaps one of the oldest trips recorded at that time was the trip of the well-known grammarian Abu Saeed al-Hasan bin Abdullah al-Marzban al-Serafi to the Indian Ocean, and the trip of Salam al-Turjuman to The fortresses of the Caucasus Mountains in the year 227 AH, commissioned by the Abbasid Caliph Al-Wathiq, to search for the Dam of Gog and Magog, as this literary art is considered one of the arts close to the story and novel in terms of form and content.In this brief research, I tried to define travel literature in language and terminology, the importance of travel literature, the reasons for travel, its style and components, its characteristics and development, and the scientific value of travel literature, which contributes to strengthening the solid arts of Arabic literature at all levels.As for the components of travel literature, they are also undoubtedly considered among the most important characteristics of this art, on which the artistic structure of this literature is based, in addition to the historical evidence that travel literature has passed through, and the eras that accompanied the development of this important literary art.

Societies that do not give importance to time see them at the bottom of the ladder of progress and sophistication. Lack of respect for time is negatively reflected in the actions of the members of society. Our Islamic societies today are among the societies that most waste time in their cafés، amusement parks، and in their electronic games، moving away from the Islamic religion’s urging to exploit time and be careful not to Wasting it led to the halt of the wheel of prosperity and moral and scientific progress in these societies. The Holy Qur’an emphasized the importance of time in the many words of time mentioned in the blessed verses، such as now، eternity، time، yesterday، era، eternity، century، eternity، time، eternity، this world and the hereafter، the hour، today، Friday، Saturday، month، year، Sunnah، dawn، morning، noon، noon، noon، afternoon، evening and evening، evening، dusk، night، and other words. The importance of time also appears from the connection of time with the acts of worship imposed on people. Every act of worship has a specific time and special days، so one must realize Man is the reality of time، as it is the period of time that a person lives and is accurately held accountable for it.

The science of Ashraf after the Koran is the talk of the Messenger of Allah - peace be upon him- ، And the greatest closeness to God after his book، is to draw close to the servant of the year of the Prophet، May God have come from this nation of men of science، God save them Sunnah، and these scholars Imam Ibn jabir، who is one of the senior imams of the eighth century in the graduation and explanation and clarification He was one of the most distinguished، and was one of the imams who gathered between the jurisprudence and the Hadith، and Imam Ibn jabir was acceptable in most of his rulings Imams critics، and this research entitled objections of Imam Ibn jabir because of talk in the narrator، where the researcher studied ten objections، according to the origins of scientific research.

Offensive Psychological harassment represents an important social phenomenon and one of the taboos that affect a very important stage، the stage of adolescence at its beginning and end as well as the beginning of adulthood، due to its serious social and psychological repercussions that control members of society، making them suffer from difficulties in psychological harmony and psychological and social adjustment which takes forms that are offensive and undesirable، whether for males or females.Harassment is a phenomenon that exists in all societies، whether Eastern or Western، retarded or civilized، atheist or Islamic، even if the extent of its causes or spread differs from one society to another.
The current research aims to identify psychological harassment among a sample of adolescents in the city of Baghdad، Karkh، and Rusafa. The sample consisted of (300) male and female adolescents who were chosen randomly. The scale of indecent harassment consisted of (25) items with (3) alternatives. The weights were (1 ،2،3)، and the psychological adjustment scale is (30) with (3) alternatives، while the weights are (1، 2 ،3). After applying statistical methods، the researcher came out with a number of conclusions:
1- There is a relationship between indecent psychological harassment and psychological adjustment
2- There are statistically significant differences according to the gender variable (males، females) and in favor of females.
The researcher ends the research with a number of recommendations and suggestions.

The research has reviewed: the intuitive knowledge of the French philosopher Henri Bergson of his life, which extended between the years (1859-1941), and presented some of his biography in a brief introduction. And the development of the concept of knowledge and intuition in language and terminology, and in its Islamic linguistic fields, and the connection of what Bergson put forward, with what he knew about others without reference, with his adherence to destructive criticism, and then: linking that to the demand for aspects of that biography with what he saw as a renewal of perceptions of knowledge and intuition, and what he decided from Matters concerned with the ways of differentiating between rational knowledge and heart knowledge, the fields of distinction between them, their connection with the conscience, and what are the ways to distinguish between the heart and the mind and the connection of the former with feeling and feeling in an analytical study, through which it sought to shed light on his views on intuitive and affective knowledge in order to reach a conclusion Certain knowledge, and the research ended with the conclusion and the results that investigated what the philosopher framed in the paths of modern philosophy.

Crusader propaganda methods between the past and the present are considered important topics because the influence of propaganda was not limited to the days of the Crusades, but propaganda methods continued until our modern era, but the methods developed and were not limited to the time of the occurrence of those wars, but rather continued on the lives of people in the West and the East.It reached several results, including:
Among them is that the style of propaganda in the past varied. At one time, the pope and religious leaders used propaganda methods through their enthusiastic sermons, and at other times the propaganda was based on the poetry of poets, at other times through singing and popular folklore, and also through travelers and the writings of Crusader authors. As for the method of propaganda in the present, it has also varied in several ways and methods, including evangelization and Christianization by clerics and orientalists, the writings of orientalists, university studies, issuing magazines and newspapers, intervening in the education system, holding seminars and dialogue meetings, and using the media and social media. For this reason, the European West studied Islamic history. And it was The most important thing they were keen on was to present Islamic history in a distorted way. They raised many suspicions about some facts and some of the great figures in Islamic history, following approaches that had nothing to do with proper scientific research, and they deliberately focused on some aspects that had a kind of negativity Like weak narratives in autobiographical books.

The concept of family rift or family disintegration is the collapse of the family unit and the disintegration or tearing of the fabric of social roles, when one or more of its members fails to carry out the role assigned to him properly, through the refusal of cooperation between family members and the prevalence of competition and conflict processes among its members, as The goal of the current research is to identify the harmonious behavior of fractured families. Within the framework of this goal, the research seeks to achieve a number of goals, such as knowing the nature of the relationship between family fractures and harmonious behavior, revealing the difference between males and females in perception of family fractures, and revealing the differences between males and females in harmonious behavior. Interest in the field of family rifts has become an urgent matter in our contemporary societies due to the complexity of life, the intertwining of its variables, and the spread of family strikes. It is indispensable to know ways to prevent strikes and ways to maintain a good level of psychological well-being. It appears that family rifts result from failure that affects one’s performance. The role assigned to parents in the home (family) represents a destructive factor for their children. Studies have proven that the difficulties faced by individuals who grew up in broken families that lack compassion and harmony have left devastating effects that have led to children suffering from mental retardation, neurological diseases, and others

The relationship of the public employee with the administration is not an eternal relationship. There must be an end to the employment bond. This end may be natural (ordinary), or it may not be so. There are factors that intervene to end the employment bond between him and the administration. These factors may be By the action of the employee and based on his desire, and it may be the result of actions committed by the employee that are described as a serious job violation, or the reason for the termination of service is due to factors that are necessary for the employee.
We will divide this research into two sections. In the first section we address the discipline of the foreign service employee in Iraq and Algeria, and in the second section we address the guarantees of administrative responsibility for the foreign service employee in Iraq and Algeria.

The tagged research deals with:
(Forms of the incarnation of the gods in ancient Iraqi sculpture) Embodiment of the forms of the gods in ancient Iraqi sculptures.
The research included four chapters, the first of which deals with the research problem, its importance, its goal, its limits, and definition of terms The second chapter included the theoretical framework, which included six axes The first: a historical introduction to the civilization of ancient Iraq.Second: The effect of the environment on the idea of the incarnation of God in ancient Iraqi sculpture.Third: The basic foundations of the idea of God in ancient Iraq.Fourth: The concept of God crystallized in ancient Iraq.Fifth: The God King in ancient Iraq.
Sixth: Stages of development of the idea of God in ancient Iraq.
And then the conclusions. The third chapter contained six exemplary groups as a sample for research according to the inductive approach, to reveal the incarnation of Ashma, the gods, in ancient Iraqi sculpture. Then the fourth chapter contained the results, the most important of which are the following:
1-The ancient Iraqi sculptor was able to embody the form of God in all the models chosen as a sample for research.
2- The ancient Iraqi sculptures varied in the field of embodying the form of the god and included all types of sculpture.
3- The ancient Iraqi sculptor emphasized the uniqueness of his identity and privacy, in embodying the forms of the gods in the models chosen as a sample for research.
4- The ancient Iraqi sculptor embodied the forms of his gods in his sculptural work, in several symbolic forms, directly or indirectly, through geometric, human, animal, or plant forms.
5- The ancient Iraqi sculptor embodied the forms of gods, invoking synthetic forms and symbols outside the scope of nature.

Praise be to God, Lord of the Worlds, and prayers and peace be upon Muhammad and his good and pure family. And after....
Investing endowed funds is one of the topics that researchers are currently interested in. Investing money has become a fundamental pillar in the progress of society, and adopting old standards in managing the endowment and its funds may lead to damage to the endowment and deprive the detainees of its expenses.

This research includes an objective study of the truth of the Antichrist. I relied in my study on the descriptive and inductive approach, as I addressed his personality through the honorable prophetic hadiths in which he was mentioned. He is a person from the sons of Adam, not from the jinn or another race, and he has ugly moral qualities that the Prophet Muhammad, may God bless him and his family and companions, explained to us to introduce people to him and warn against his evil. If he comes out, the believers will know him and not be tempted by him, as his evil and temptation will spread to all countries, except for Mecca and Medina, as he will not enter them. God Almighty has preserved the believing servants, as they will not be tempted by what he has, and his destruction will be at the hands of the Prophet Jesus, peace be upon him.

This research was concerned with studying the grammatical aspects and their impact on the meaning، and I chose Surat Al-Ra’ad to highlight these aspects by presenting the verse in question، and then presenting the opinions of the scholars who directed some of the words in the verses under research in a specific grammatical direction. The differences occurring in the grammatical direction of these words were presented، and the scholars’ responses to them agreed and rejected. Then I preferred one of these aspects according to what I saw as appropriate، based on the scholars’ statements and from the results reached by the research (the scholars’ differences in grammatical guidance may be the result of their differences in grammatical schools of thought) .

The word or term Sufism is a connection to a higher principle or creation of divine morals or acquiring knowledge about its secrets. It qualifies her to ascend in the path of conditions and stations to say Sufism (sofia) means wisdom as Sufism. The prophecy and spiritual aspect of the brethren of Purity is a person’s acceptance of the inspiration of the angels, revelation and prophets, and his understanding of their meanings is easier like the souls of the prophets, then after them the souls of the righteous, then after them the souls of the faithful believers, the good, the virtuous, the righteous Then the best and the closest. In fact, it is a secret mystical group that mixed Greek philosophy and esoteric doctrine with some Islamic principles.
The presence of the legend of the cave in the philosophy of the Brotherhood sees that the soul, if it descends into its spiritual realm, sank into the sea of the universe and sank into the bottom of the waves of bodies

The Syrian-Jordanian conflict (1970-1974) witnessed significant transformations, beginning with the events of Black September in 1970. These events led to an increase in Palestinian activities in Jordan and heightened tensions between Palestinian factions and the Jordanian government, including the well-known incident of the assassination attempt on King Hussein. The October War of 1973 had a considerable impact on the relationships between both parties, necessitating a reevaluation of these relations and their interactions with neighboring countries. In 1974, the Rabat Conference had notable repercussions on the existing rift between Syria and Jordan, as internal conflicts intensified due to differences in approaches to the Palestinian issue. Collectively, these factors shaped the complex political landscape that characterized relations between the two countries during this critical period.

Praise be to God, Lord of the worlds, and peace be upon Muhammad and his family and companions.
The Jurisprudence of transactions for the sake of legal sciences in Islamic law, which every Muslim should learn and master their rulings in how to deal with people in conducting their transactions, especially the people of trade who practice the process of buying and selling from time to time and avoiding falling into the usury that God Almighty has forbidden and exalted, and from here came Naming my research this title (Ruba Al -Fadl is its truth and its ruling in Islamic jurisprudence) in order to show the importance of this matter and show its risks.
The research was divided into an introduction, two research and conclusion
The introduction, I showed the importance of this subject
The first research is the definition of usury, and its types and the evidence of its claim
The second research, I devoted it to the statement of usury
The conclusion, it included the most important results
List of sources and references

“The Holy Qur’an is the constitution of the nation, from which legal rulings are derived, and in the light of these rulings man-made laws were established to regulate the relationship between the Creator and the creature on the one hand, and between the members of the Islamic community, and whoever traces the places of this term in the Qur’an will find that it was mentioned in multiple contexts and in different forms, as well For the many indications that have been nominated about it, which show the interest and care of the Qur’anic expression in this word, love, which has a great presence in the Book of God (Glory be to Him). It contains a disease that should be avoided, and I divided the topic into three sections. In the preliminary section, I explained the term love in terms of language and terminology. In the second topic, I spoke about the places where love appears in the Qur’an, and in the third topic, I talked about the connotations of love in the Qur’an.

This paper examines the complex relationship between the United States and Canada during the period 1977–1981, focusing on economic, political, social, and cultural dimensions. The paper explores how political leadership in both countries shaped bilateral relations through cooperation in the areas of environmental protection, trade, defense, and immigration policies. Despite the difficulties imposed by economic conflicts, environmental issues, and differing political approaches, this period was marked by significant efforts to strengthen ties and increase mutual understanding. The paper highlights the critical role of cultural and educational exchanges, supported by the media and public opinion, in strengthening the relationship between the two countries. Through a detailed analysis of treaties, agreements, and social policies, this paper provides valuable insights into the development of U.S.-Canada relations during a significant era, drawing lessons that can be used in future diplomatic and cooperative efforts.