journal of kufa studies center

The Quranic text is characterized as a text open to interpretation, in which the data of the similarity are growing and the diversity of harmony varies, and all the data of the Qur'anic similarity are subject to the laws of the arbitrator and its methodological necessities, and it is necessary that the meaning is consistent with the context of the verse and that it is supported by external evidence added to the linguistic or rhetorical evidence from within the text, and here intervenes the mechanism of conflicting evidence and the consequent opinions, including the meaning and explanatory knowledge is formed along with the methodology that is adopted when the evidence that falls between the possibility of Combining the two conflicting evidences or that decide to neglect the conflict altogether (falling) or the implementation of the two conflicting evidence on the basis of multiple understanding of the text, I will be exposed to the opinions of the commentators and their inferences in the meaning of the Almighty's saying ((and do not marry the polytheists until he believes in the Almighty's saying, so that they may remember)) and we will analyze the views of the commentators in the verse and their disagreement in the term (polytheist) and the consequent products of the prohibition.

The foundations of interpretation is a necessary issue in terms of rooting and the level of performance of interpretation, as it represents the interpretive system, including the sum of what is carried out by the interpretive process or interpretive performance so that any original base is based on it in understanding what is meant by the Qur'anic discourse. The foundations of Quranic interpretation mean the controls that the interpreter must take into account the first consideration, if his interpretive performance, through his attempts to root a concept that he wants to root to be a term, or a phenomenon that he wants to express, and even in his criticism of the interpretation of other than what he sees as an imbalance of a control, or when adopting a certain interpretation of a special text. The history of the interpretive foundations is due to what was drawn by the imams of guidance infallible who are the correct extension of the Prophet "may God's prayers be upon him and them all" and notes that through what affected them starting with the Commander of the Faithful Ali bin Abi Taliba, and his sons infallible c, has been Mr. Sabzwari "sanctify his secret" of the scholars of these imams guided by the lights of the people of the house, it is "sanctified his secret" has contacted them proportions and reason, His pure lineage is due to them, and his belief is related to them, and he has made an effort to acquire those sacred sciences, and therefore his interpretation of "the talents of the Most Merciful" is full of Sunni talents, and promises to the foundations of interpretation that were delayed in writing them independently, although mentioned in the introductions to the explanatory books, and books of the sciences of the Qur'an, Mr. Sabzwari "sanctified his secret" and if mentioned briefly in the introduction to his interpretation; The research has shed light on the discipline of that performance according to these foundations and found them in the evidence of his work. We ask the Almighty to increase the good deeds of the Holy Master Sabzwari, and to make our work this with an eye of acceptance, for he is the most generous responsible.

What can orientalists and researchers say, and God has said it and determined it where He chose it without creating it as a mercy for people for creating it where no orientalist, researcher or writer can describe it or give it its full right, without hypocrisy or falsity. The Holy Prophet (may God bless him and his family and grant him peace) led the nation and carried the burden of the burden of the message to get this nation out of the darkness of ignorance to the light of guidance and insight, the message of our Holy Prophet was not an international message for the sake of the Arab nation only, but for the sake of all humanity, that is, it is a global message and therefore it can be said that the Holy Prophet (may God bless him and his family and grant him peace) was the most efficient and fairest global leader known to mankind Many orientalists have been undermining the personality of the Prophet (may God bless him and his family) And his family and peace), and exposure to his honorable biography, by distorting some historical facts, or interpreting tendentious interpretations to serve their own purposes Some of these orientalists who were distinguished by scientific honesty and insightful thought, were able to reach the essence of the truth, so their opinions came closer to neutrality and objectivity, and their writings became a beacon on the path of guidance and truth Our research bears the title "The impact of the personality of the greatest Prophet (peace be upon him and his family) in Russian Orientalism."

The text ((The Last Confession of Malik bin Al-Rib)) by the great Iraqi writer Yusuf Al-Sayegh comes as an autobiography. At the forefront of biographical texts that need to be examined and processed in order to know the structure of their text, and to reveal the formats that contributed to giving them that unique structure literarily, from here the four research axes focused on the important event structures in this text, so they were formats, sequencing, overlap, inclusion, and circular format, which indicated that the writer used modern artistic methods in his narration, and dealt with In terms of choosing the event, which is one of the characteristics of the artistic novel, and in terms of its construction and the way it is presented to the reader. Taking advantage of the characteristic of overlapping arts such as cinema, theater and painting, if you contribute to the distribution of events in the biographical text in ((The Last Confession)) artistically.

Therefore, grammarians, old and new, used to cite the verses of the Holy Quran to prove or strengthen the grammatical rule, and with the grammarians always citing Quranic evidence, but it is few in their books if measured by poetic evidence, and this is one of the sins that are recorded on them, although their excuse is that the Qur'an is not a language book or so, it does not contain all Grammar.
It is taken on the grammarians in this aspect also the large number of interpretations and grammatical estimates that accompany the Qur'anic witness, which keeps him away from the real significance and take him away from the intended meaning, and not Ibn Aqil heresy of others; ) trying to reveal the significance of the Qur'anic evidence away from appreciation and interpretation, and showing the aesthetic of the Holy Text away from these complexities.

The disparity of political systems in determining the constitutional status of the head of state, especially his role in influencing parliament, especially the dissolution of parliament, and carving most Arab constitutions towards the parliamentary or private system and granting the head of state - king or president of the republic - an important role in the general policy of the state so that he can influence parliament through his authority to dissolve parliament, while some Arab constitutions restricted the president\\\\'s authority to dissolve parliament with certain restrictions whose powers are due to the government at times and to the parliament itself at other times.
Due to the seriousness of the weapon of dissolution, the parliament usually deliberately puts pressure on the executive authority if the decision to dissolve the government and the president, as in some constitutions, or to keep pace with the president\\\\'s policy for fear of dissolving the parliament, the principle of balance between powers may be disturbed in some constitutions, either in favor of the head of state or in favor of parliament, which leads to the possibility of a deviation in the use of the authority entrusted to each of them.
The study of the president\\\\'s authority to dissolve the parliament in the Arab constitutions comes as a focus on this authority clearly due to the existence of practical applications of this subject on the ground, and we have chosen models of Arab constitutions with a monarchy and other republican system to stand on the most important commonalities and determinants between the Arab constitutions in the authority of the president in the dissolution of parliament, and we have chosen the Iraqi constitution of 2005 and the Lebanese of 1926 and the Tunisian constitution of 1959 And the Algerian for the year 1996 as models of the republican system and we chose the Kuwaiti constitution of 1962 and the Jordanian for the year 1952 and Moroccan for the year 1996 and the Qatari for the year 2003 as models for the monarchy, and the study concluded with the most important results and recommendations.

In the wake of the decline of the Ottoman Empire from Iraq after the outbreak of World War I and before the British occupied it completely, calls appeared on the political scene insisting that Iraq have a political system independent of the authority of others, which required serious thinking about who holds this system, the national movement that was able to explode the twentieth revolution wanted its candidate to be one of those who adhere to the slogan (complete and absolute independence), and this revolution had a great impact on changing the direction of British policy In Iraq, the trend of thinking about the application of a system that differs from the occupation regime in a way that achieves even a small part of the demands of the Iraqis, especially since the losses suffered by the British forces in Iraq made the British political community reconsider the totality of the methods and systems by which they ruled Iraq .

The study of the scholar Hussein Ali Mahfouz – may God have mercy on him – and his efforts in comparative Arab and Persian historical literary studies were not one of the sober methodological efforts based on the foundations and rules that are reliable among the academics who found in the literature of the two nations united in their history has fallen within a framework whose originality, existence and permanence cannot be overlooked.
By this we do not mean Persian translations into Arabic or vice versa, which cannot be considered in shaping the intellectual and emotional relations between two nations. The common denominator between these ideas is language only, and the factor in the success of the effort is the writer's knowledge of the rules of the language that translates for her or from her, and this is what the mark (Mahfouz) was when he addressed such issues from the literary and intellectual heritage of Arabs and Persians alike, and he came out with an accurate scientific outcome and a pure methodology in all his efforts that resulted in a distinct product in which he preceded others.

Basra was the habitat of the greatest habitats of science and an environment of the most fertile cultural environments where scientists and writers from different peoples of the East in Asia and Africa meet and meet in the mosque or mosque and they were called Balmarbadians or Masjien and have episodes of the most enjoyable episodes of science, lesson and literature and in Basra this fertile environment inhabited by science and culture was born Al-Jahiz.
Since its inception, Basra has been rippling with scientists and full of poets and includes linguists and grammarians and concerned with what translates and sponsors intellectuals and did not pass many years until it became the most important Islamic cities flowing from them swarms of scientists and convoys of students and bustling scientific councils in which various topics are raised It was a free platform for people to announce their opinions in which they believe in their message and preserve their entity and their contact with others was fast despite the lack of means Al-Jahiz has pointed to the speed of transmission of books and news said ((It indicates The benefit of the book is that if it were not for the book, it would not be permissible for the people of Raqqa, Mosul, Baghdad and Wasit to know what was in Basra and what is happening in Kufa in the whiteness of a day so that the incident in Kufa is tomorrow, so the people of Basra know about it before the evening.
Al-Jahiz Basri birth, origin and death, was born of poor parents, and his father died when he was young, while some modern researchers stated that he was born an orphan father, but his mother does not know anything about her except that she was poor and was sponsoring him and taking care of him when he was young, which forced him to earn his living and face the burdens of life early, so he sold bread and fish in the area of Sihan.

Mathematics curricula in most countries of the world have received a large share of development and modernization, in line with the developments and changes that have occurred in all fields that the world has witnessed in recent years, mathematics has invaded other branches of science, and entered people's daily lives through electronic computers in the world of industry and commerce, and mathematics has become living with the individual to help him organize his life and transactions better and faster than it was, Therefore, it was necessary to keep pace with this development and modernization, and to rebuild the mathematics curricula so that they are compatible with what is being developed in the world about the curriculum and its development (Abu Zeina, 1994, 43).
If we want to carry out the process of developing mathematics curricula and making a qualitative leap in that, we must bear in mind the main goal of this process, which is to move away from focusing on the content as emphasized by mathematics education in the past, and the trend towards helping the student to understand the world in which he lives and interacts with him, in other words, employing mathematical information in daily life and this leads us to interest in content from the side of quality and not from the side of quantity and the development of mathematical thinking.

The gold industry is one of the most important industries because of the characteristics of this metal such as not being exposed to rust, its color and luster, which made it one of the precious metals that are used in the manufacture of ornaments, and gold was known by all Iraqi, Egyptian, Greek and Roman civilizations, as it was used by kings and luxurious circles of societies of these civilizations, and the emergence of gold industry workshops was not In the city of Najaf recently, but its emergence dates back to the first stage in which the city of Najaf arose, which consisted of four areas in the middle of the Holy Shrine (Al-Mishraq, Al-Buraq, Al-Amara and Al-Huwaish), and this industry depends on the craft and skill and needs several stages linked to each other until reaching the final marketed commodity. The gold making stage is one of the most important stages, where the final shapes of the gold jewelry are designed within the drafting workshops. This industry contributes a good part of the economic return of the city of Najaf, especially if we know the religious, commercial and political importance of this city. The gold workshops in the old city of Najaf contribute to supplying gold jewelry to the gold markets in the administrative units of Najaf Governorate, and also supply some markets belonging to some cities near the city.