journal of kufa studies center

Population studies and studies of human distribution within the scope of religions and cultures say that in our contemporary world thirty-three thousand religions and beliefs, of which 125 religions people deal with the world as religions, as the adherents of each of them reach about a million at a minimum, including twenty-three major religions.
These studies confirm that 60% of the earth's population of seven billion people is distributed between Islam and Christianity, the number of Christians is estimated (2.2) billion, and the United States is at the forefront of major countries that did not neglect the influence of religion in the political decision-making process and claims its keenness on interfaith dialogue and spreading a culture of tolerance, so it established the International Committee on Religious Freedom (IRAF) On the basis of the 1998 Religious Freedom Act, which issues an international report every year on the first of September, regarding the infringements of religious freedoms by states, the report indicated in a copy of the report that Muslims in Western Europe are predominantly immigrants, while Muslims in Eastern Europe (Albania and Kosovo) are indigenous people, so that it is stated that more than half of European Muslims are indigenous .
According to Vatican, only Catholics are 1.166 billion, Muslims are 1.7 billion, constituting 25 percent of the population, and the number of Jews in the world is 14 million.

In this study, the researcher tries to take advantage of some mathematical concepts, to reflect them on the understanding and interpretation of the actions of the Muslim taxpayer, which are stipulated by Islamic law, from the obligatory ruling, forbidden, desirable, hated and permissible, as mathematics is the science of logical study of the quantity of things, their modalities and interdependence, which can be reclassified according to the concept of scalar quantities and vector quantities.
Acts of the Muslim taxpayer in Sharia: Islamic Sharia clarified the provisions of the acts of a Muslim, and made them divided into five rulings: obligatory, forbidden, desirable, abhorrent, and permissible. If the Muslim reaches the age of assignment, he must familiarize himself with these provisions in order to follow them and work to apply them.

This is a research entitled (Imam Jaafar bin Muhammad Al-Sadiq and the change of the state: a study in historical awareness) in which we dealt with a dangerous stage of change in Islamic history from one stage to another and explained the visions of Imam Al-Sadiq (peace be upon him) for the course of events and his behavior in their time and then giving advice to the sons of Hassan (peace be upon him) not to delve into internal conflicts and disputes because their fate belongs to others, namely the Abbasids who made their effort and their ability to reach power intelligently and discernment from the level of slogans displayed, secret and secrecy In the political move to change the government in their favor after the secret of the call and preachers turned from Abu Hashim in the area of intimate to the Abbasids in the secret and ambiguity and a missing link does not know, and all this and the awareness of Imam Sadiq (peace be upon him) made a revolution reform change at the scientific level made his school teeming with students of religious sciences and pure sciences and moved away from the political movement as if he gave us a lesson for the immortality of the word and science and the departure of the rule with the departure of the ruler.

The Qur'anic discourse was distinguished from other discourses that it was preserved throughout the ages, as well as that it dissolved and merged many of the contents of the heavenly discourses preceding it that were revealed to humanity with the aim of guiding the heavenly This is what made it a system from which the recipient draws an inexhaustible help throughout the ages from the moment of receiving it and to our present era, in which there are many linguistic, philosophical and intellectual trends until that text became the habitat of consideration and the focus of attention and study; In the unification and dissemination of the Arabic language, and in the resurgence of studies and research in its words, meanings and methods. Thus, it was protected from everything that distorts its beauty, or tainted its purity, so it became the eternal living language among the languages that were obliterated and abandoned over time, the structures of the Holy Qur'an and its patterns are created to be emulated, and follow its impact, because it is the key that deciphers the locks of any other linguistic text, and paves the way for the study of the Arabic text in general, and its linguistic system in particular, so this scientific effort was established to address (patterns of permissibility) in that miraculous text not as a function of words, but as patterns that have linguistic dimensions and psychological and social at the same time. The Qur'anic text is concerned with presenting it in a distinct way that touches the sensitive chord of the human soul and its feelings and feelings in order to accept this issue (judgment) and work with it within the scope of reality and its requirements.

The literary text is a multi-level speech with multiple artistic characteristics, performs - in addition to its cognitive function - a psychological function, represented in influencing the recipient by moving his emotions and increasing the element of wonder he has, that is, pushing towards creating a balance between his intellectual system and his emotional system, and the artistic image is what gives the text its poetry and gives it the ability to influence, and is a manifestation of art and beauty in the poetic text, and a strong indicator of the genius and creativity of the poet, Dr. Muhammad Al-Wali says: The image is the one that earns speech poetic character, and is defined as a linguistic formation or synthetic unit formed by the poet with his senses and mental and emotional powers, and Aristotle had linked between poetry and painting, and stated that the painter uses feather and colors, while the poet uses vocabulary and formulates it in an influential artistic template that leaves its impact on the recipient, and talked about metaphor and described it as a verse of talent, and perhaps Al-Jahiz was the first Arab critic who sensed the importance of the image and considered it an essential pillar of the poetic process In the limit of poetry as "industry and multiplying of weaving and sex of photography", as if seen as a wrap around the meaning, or provide the meaning in a way that sends in the soul the elements of excitement and wonder, and confirms Abdel Qaher that the image would interact with the feeling and create an element of wonder when the recipient, as he says, "and enter the soul of watching a strange situation was not before seeing it and overshadowed by a kind of sedition does not deny His place is not hidden", and indicates that the differentiation in the images is due to the strength of the poet's nature, and that like the two things brought together by one sex, and then separated by the properties and advantages of qualities, such as the ring and the ring, and other varieties of ornaments, which are collected by one sex and then be between them the extreme difference in workmanship and work, and there is no doubt that the image reveals the poet's vision of things and people more than revealed by explicit speech or direct expression, which can not To be in harmony with human feelings or dialogue with conscience, and it is better to call it, artistic sterility, because speech is not called artistic unless it has the power of creation or the element of creativity that creates artistic pleasure and beauty.

Al-Ajaj is one of the prominent poets in the history of Arabic literature in general, and the poetry of early Islam in particular, with its leadership in the art of Al-Rajz, and its poetic use expressing the validity of the nature and the originality, especially in what he left us from poetic images that simulated that eloquent Bedouin environment, as well as what his creative imagination wove from the images that represented a poetic and stylistic feature in his poetry, and I dealt in this research with one of his long poems, as I found it a good field to reveal the secret of the distinction of this poet and show his status with an approach He moved away from normativity and took the description as a way to focus on the most important angles of this topic, i.e. what is related to the sources of the formation of the poetic image .

Local administrative decentralization is described as a method of administrative organization in which the central authority shares part of its competencies in the management of facilities and public interests with local authorities that represent the administrative units in the state after the legislator recognizes them with legal personality and financial and administrative independence, allowing them to directly establish and follow up their local facilities and interests
After the constitutional legislator adopted this method for governorates that are not organized in a region and confirmed that they are granted broad financial and administrative powers so that they can manage their affairs in accordance with the principle of administrative decentralization , the law on governorates not organized in a region assigned several competencies to local authorities revolving around activating their supervisory competence in order to develop the local community.
The legislator assigns to the local authorities in the State, which adopt the system of administrative decentralization, the supervisory competence over local facilities and agencies within their geographical scope, since these authorities are more aware of the needs of their inhabitants, and to determine the extent to which the local development plan has been achieved.

The study of blood transfusion and related operations and the responsibility resulting from it is of particular importance, is that the process of blood transfusion is in fact the saving of the life of a person at risk of perishing, and there is no doubt that the goal of any legislation is to protect the human being and preserve his rights, especially the right to life, it was necessary to delve into it and explore its depths in order to place it in the legal framework that guarantees the safety of blood transfusion by placing it in the field of the legal arena ( Study and legislation), but this importance did not find a legislative echo in the Iraqi law because there is no special law dealing with blood transfusions, despite the existence of an Iraqi law regulating human organ transplants No. 85 of 1986, unlike Arab and foreign legislation that dealt with the organization of blood transfusions such as Egyptian and French legislation .

Origin If the crime committed is one, the offender is punishable by one original penalty , but in the case of committing more than one crime, we are in the process of a multiplicity of crimes, and accordingly, the rule of law in this case differs because the offender may commit several crimes or material acts, each of which is a stand-alone crime punishable by law, then we are in the process of a physical multiplicity of crimes or the offender may commit one criminal act to which more than one legal text applies, so we are in the process of moral multiplicity for crimes.

The researcher in the history of Transoxiana and its cities faces many difficulties and problems, with the abundance of information about some of them, offset by little and missing information about others, such as Ashrosna, as well as the terms and expressions used in the administrative and geographical divisions of the region, which have broad interpretations that were not clarified by the geographical or historical sources that referred to them. Also, its geographical distance from the center of the Arab Caliphate and the problems that accompanied the military operations in it made it difficult to determine the administrative, military and political role played by the Arabs and their tasks in controlling it, so some of their information about it came contradictory sometimes and often incomplete, especially since most of the cities and cities beyond the river are ancient cities in their establishment and origin, as the Arabs did not have a role in that, so the information of this ancient period was very scarce If not non-existent. But without a doubt, the subject is worth researching and studying because it illustrates an important historical period of the history of that remote region from the Arab state and has population elements that the Arabs are not familiar with with their urban nature, as we stood on all the information related to it contained in our geographical and historical sources about its location, name, geography, diverse wealth and political situation until the end of the reign of the Abbasid Caliph Al-Mu'tasim 227 AH / 841 AD

Many genealogy books and translations indicate that Amr bin Ad bin Tabkha bin Elias bin Mudar bin Nizar bin Maad bin Adnan married Mezaina bint Kulaib bin Wabra bin Thaalba bin Helwan bin Imran bin Al-Haf bin Aqda'a, and she gave birth to him Mezaina Othman and Osa, so he attributed her son and grandchildren to her, so she overcame them and by her they know, and to her every Muzni is attributed It is a famous tribe, and Ibn al-Atheer described it as a large tribe. From this it is clear that Uthman and Osa, the sons of Amr ibn Ad and their children and grandchildren, trace their lineage back to one of the northern Adnanite tribes, but they were named after their mother Mezaina, a woman whose lineage goes back to the otter tribe.

The level of world champions in javelin throwing event in particular is the top level in this discipline and you shooters from the lower levels work hard to identify the level of the summit through analysis to show the exact points related to achievement as a first step and then complete the work of the second step by comparing the critical and important ones with local levels that are often below the summit level to help raise the local level.

The era we live in today is full of challenges facing man every day 0 Every day new data appear on the stage of life that need new experiences, skills, methods and mechanisms to deal with them successfully 0 That is, it needs a creative, innovative, and critical human being, who is able to adapt the environment according to the desired values, ethics and goals, not just adapt to them
It is known that the university has three main functions: teaching, scientific research, and community service, and among these functions teaching and scientific research emerge as the most important and vital.
Education is a profession that requires, in addition to some personal characteristics, certain skills and competencies that must be available to the university professor to be effective in his education. , makes this development necessary, because it provides opportunities to provide the professor with the information, means and methods that resulted from the learning and teaching research that has been accomplished in light of these changes (Nashawati, 199: p. 229). Therefore, the coming years will carry frequent requirements from various institutions to develop more accurate criteria for the selection of the professor, and such criteria will include, not the academic qualification Only, but the personality, the nature of the performance and cultural background, and the type of skills that the applicant is good at for the teaching job, including communication skill, computer use, knowledge of more than one foreign language, and how to access learning resources by individual self-efforts (Al-Horr, 2001: p. 26)