iklil for Humanity Studies

God Almighty has prepared for this nation men who made its loftiness، built its glories، and raised it to the highest of its glory، until it was the best nation brought out to mankind.
And among these notables are those who served the Holy Qur’an، and spent the precious and precious، to reveal its secrets، namely، the imam and scholar Muhammad bin Muhammad bin Mahmoud Abu Mansur al-Maturidi in his interpretation of “interpretations of the people of the Sunnah” in which he presented many arts of science، in which he presents the reasons for revelation، readings، And the syntax، and the strange of expressions، and it relies a lot on the language، and the poetry of the Arabs is frequently cited، as well For his mention of the jurisprudential and fundamental rulings in the citizenry that need to be mentioned as he deems appropriate to mention them، in addition to those many sciences، the science of weightings. Concerning expressions and meanings، Hatib Layl did not depend on transmission without knowledge and careful consideration، but rather he used to give weight to some sayings over others، and to respond to what he saw as contrary to the correct evidence، argument and proof

The public facility is established in every country in order to carry out an original goal represented in meeting and satisfying a general need that individuals need to satisfy through administration within the framework of the public interest، and among the most important of these needs that individuals seek to satisfy is certainly the need for general mental health. As the protection of mental health prompted in most countries to form specialized administrative public facilities entrusted with achieving public mental health and protecting it from health risks that threaten or affect it، as the existence of such facilities and the following administrative apparatus or bodies specialized in protecting health It was necessary، especially in light of the increasing risks of political، economic and technological conditions on the stability of the psychological state of the members of society. The increasing deterioration of mental health in recent times and the accompanying increase in the number of people with mental disorders، the administration must pay attention to this issue in order to protect public mental health.

Despite the political change in Iraq in 2003, the collapse of the totalitarian regime, and the establishment of a pluralistic democratic system, this system with its political elites and leaders, and despite the availability of all the elements for building a state of political, economic and social citizenship, has not been able, until the present time, to consolidate its foundations and consolidate its foundations. Intellectual and practice, the reality of the state of civil citizenship in Iraq was not devoid of many obstacles and challenges, including what is political and what is economic and social, Therefore it was necessary for the new political system, and the political elites based on it after the change, to work to consolidate the spirit of citizenship in the collective thought of individuals and groups, and to adhere to the principles of pluralism, equality, justice and freedom that it established before others, and work to preserve rights and freedoms for all, which in turn will lead to building State of citizenship.

The research aims to shed light on the positive and negative social aspects of Andalusia in the poetry of Lisan al-Din ibn al-Khatib in the era of Banu al-Ahmar, as these aspects expressed the reality of society and its environment, both positively and negatively, in the late eras of Andalusia, by stopping in the first section at (the religious holidays and occasions represented by the feasts of the Prophet’s birthday. And the Eids of the blessed Fitr and the blessed Eid al-Adha, and the celebration of Laylat al-Qadr, and a description of some recreational games, and some of the customs of Andalusian society at the end of its era, such as describing the food and groups of society, and celebrating and calling for cleverness, and the knife of the sleeve, and describing the manifestations of luxury, grace, and comfortable living, and expressing their reality experienced by the last rulers of Andalusia and beyond. This is one of the positive aspects, and in the second section we looked at the negative aspects, which were represented by some bad habits that came as a natural result of a life of luxury and entertainment, such as (using narcotic plants (cannabis), using colloquial words in eloquent poetry, flirting with boys, especially black ones, and describing manifestations of poverty such as begging. And the redemption of the poor and destitute class among the general public, and the expression of its reality)

The term parliamentary bloc, which is the largest in number, is considered one of the ambiguous, complex and new terms in the jurisprudence of constitutional law in Iraq, which are mentioned in Article (76 / first) of the constitution as the basis for the formation of the ministry, and a basic and political pillar in the constitution. The Federal Supreme Court interpreted this term after a request addressed to it By the authorities after the legislative elections for the year 2010 in Iraq, specifically after the emergence of the election results and the victory of one of the blocs at the first rank with (91) seats, followed by one of the blocs with (89) seats, and therefore this research provides a vision of Disozriyah in a parliamentary. Basic, and the statement of the view of the Federal Supreme Court in its interpretation of this phrase several times. And whether or not it is compatible with the constitutional provisions and the political system adopted under the effective constitution, in addition to that, an explanation of the role of the President of the Republic in the process of assigning the candidate of the largest parliamentary bloc, and the importance of the political agreements under which governments are formed.

The research study structure tolerance for more than one weight 0f morphological; Because of the possibility of multiple roots from which it is derived, or that possibility of more than one singular from of the single plural from, or that the structure is possible for the meaning of masculine and feminine, or that word is possible fir the noun and verb connotations, or that one word bears two opposing connotations, and other nice aspects that show the ability of the Qur'anic term to carry multiple connotations and its validity for different meanings.

The origin of the mention and statement, the argument and proof it performs, and the fact that no part of it is left to clarify the meaning behind the purposes in different rhetorical contexts; But for the sake of rhetoric and the essence of the place, speakers tend to delete what existed in people's minds, it is intended rather than essentially verbal, which, if anything, shows that speech has a deep structure in which the intentions lie and the protectors lean; Its message between the addressee and the addressee in the consistency of the text; In addition, the intent of grammatical discourse is a functional reminder of the breadth and brevity of the text structure of the deletion phenomenon because of the interchangeable roles and unity of purpose between the signaling elements (speaker/speech/speaker), as well as the context of the rhetorical attitude and the toning of the deletion and the grammar function of the speaker's intent in the grammatical context; Hence the choice of: (functional orientation in intentional grammatical speech deletion phenomenon model) to be in the preface, three investigations and a conclusion in which the fruits of the search and its picks as well as sources and references are deposited.

Lapid bin Rabia was famous for his lamentation for his brother (Irbid) the brother was part of the human being rejoices for his joy and grieves for his sadness, and be a support for him in all his matters, and we see the pre-Islamic poet has suffered any pain for parting with his brother, so he resorted to poetry expressing his great sadness that words cannot describe. The poet chooses and significantly employ the words in his poetic verses, where they include crying on the epitaph and show the pain of parting and note the change in the image of lamentation in different eras from the pre-Islamic era to the Islamic era and thus realize the human being and believes in fate and destiny, Lapid was not sad "very" because he had a deep awareness of the nature of life and depicts it with patience as much as God and piety and contentment, and the poet wanted in his poetry to tell the addressee about what he feels after the death of his brother, where he had the ability to Formulation of the subject of lamentation charming formulation and show these technical characteristics of the strangeness of the words and reward and the integrity of the compositions and eloquence of performance, and I will address in this study lamentation brother in the poetry of Lapid, and we will start with an introduction through which we show the importance of lamentation in pre-Islamic poetry, and associated with concepts such as scarring, eulogy and consolation and then I will provide a brief through which I know the poet, and I will study in the first requirement the qualities of the brother lamentation as contained in the Diwan of Lapid bin Rabia, but in the second requirement I will show the technical means in Lamentation of the brother in Lapid's poetry, such as metaphor, analogy, metonymy, introduction and delay.

The artistic language represents the finest types of expressive language at all، as it has the ability to influence besides expression، not limited to delivering meaning to the recipient، but this delivery includes the influence on this recipient، and this effect is through the artist's resort to a set of linguistic enhancers of methods، images، and rhythm، which elevate the language to the required level of influence. I will address in this study the language of Zamakhshari in the place of Radwan، the research began with an introduction in which I mentioned the importance of the maqama، and a glimpse of the life of Zamakhshari، the maqam is a literary art prose similar to the short story aims for education، guidance and exhortation This is what we find in the place of Radwan، which was characterized by its language with a high ability to bring about full interaction on the part of the recipient، we note the resort of Zamakhshari to the various technical means between the quality of compositions and balance and the choice of the appropriate pronunciation، along with rhythmic construction and harmonious music، at the end of the words increased From the artistic impact، through the use of improvers Badi'i of cooing، alliteration، and counterpoint، and the interaction of these artistic means that achieve the ability to influence the recipient، and the ability to bring about the desired interaction، and perhaps do not forget the emotional aspect that suits the language of Zamakhshari، and the study was divided into four levels: the phonetic level، which is consistent and balanced with the semantic meaning، and the morphological level through the selection of morphological formulas that suit the meaning، And the grammatical or synthetic level، which is concerned with the composition of words with each other to serve the meaning، and the semantic level، which is concerned with all previous levels، which is determined by the context، which has the greatest impact in directing the meaning، and to ensure that the technical aspects are surrounded by all sides، through the review and analysis of models، and I ended the research with a conclusion in which the most important results were mentioned، followed by a list of sources and references.

This research deals with the legal guarantees established for inmates and depositors in the field of imposing disciplinary punishment. Or the one who is arrested with the guarantees of a fair lawsuit similar to the guarantees available in the criminal trial, and the research problem is represented by the extent of the inadequacy of the laws of the correctional institution to surround those penalties with the required guarantees. established in international treaties and agreements.

This study aims to clarify several concepts that often create confusion and overlap among the general public. One of these concepts is centralization and its impact on the state, political system, and the management of government institutions. In light of the prevailing trend in modern and advanced countries, centralization has been replaced by decentralized systems, where the internal administration of the state is carried out by local units. The central system holds extensive power and absolute authority, which is concentrated in the state center and capital, at the expense of local administrations and provinces. Occasionally, a small portion of these powers is delegated to the provinces without any initiative from these subordinate units, such as the ministry.Modern systems now fear centralized authoritarian regimes as they tend to generate dictatorships that can monopolize power for long periods, resulting in oppression and injustice towards their own people. Examples of such systems include monarchies and single-party ruling countries. These absolute systems typically succeed in simpler countries with a single structure, color, and tone. On the other hand, decentralization and its impact on political systems have emerged as modern and successful methods of state governance. Decentralization is primarily applied to large and complex countries with vast geographical areas and large populations. This method helps alleviate the burdens on the center, distribute authorities and powers to subordinate administrations, which are closer to the people and more aware of their needs, in order to provide services and respond promptly to local social matters.

The charge is a paper edited by the competent court containing a set of data that attributes the act committed to the accused, and in this sense it is considered one of the most important procedures of the non-brief case.
Despite the importance of the charge, our legislator authorized the competent court to withdraw it for the purpose of preserving the criminal case on the one hand, and for the purpose of holding the accused accountable only for what he committed on the other hand.
Withdrawal of the accusation is the acknowledgment issued by the court that results in denying its affiliation with the accused and directing another charge against him. This decision is issued in only two cases, the first of which is if the crime ascribed to the accused is more severe in terms of punishment than the crime for which he is charged, and the second is if the crime ascribed to the accused is Different from the crime for which he was charged in the legal description.
In view of the aforementioned and the importance of this procedure in the criminal case, I dealt with the research withdrawing the charge through two sections (the first topic) in which I searched for the concept of the charge and divided the topic into two requirements: the first one dealt with “the definition of the charge” and the second one dealt with “the conditions for the validity of the charge and its contents.” As for the second topic, I devoted it to discussing “the court’s authority to withdraw the charge.” The topic was divided into two demands.
After the foregoing, we concluded through the research the following:
1- The amended Code of Criminal Procedure No. 23 of 1971 regulates the provisions of the accusation in all aspects, including the withdrawal of the charge, as it is one of the measures that guarantee the proper conduct of justice and the rights of the accused.
2- The withdrawal of the accusation is a decision and not a judgment issued by the competent court according to specific conditions.
3- Withdrawing the charge is distinguished from the procedure for amending the charge and canceling it, because the amendment of the charge is by adding new facts to the accusation or subtracting facts from it, but the cancellation takes place when the court does not have sufficient evidence to convict the accused.
While withdrawing the charge is a radical change in the details of the charge.
4- The effect of withdrawing the charge is the same as the effect of acquittal.

The aim of seizing the debtor's money with others is to enable the creditor to fulfill his right to this money. Therefore, it is considered one of the indirect methods of execution, and this method is followed by every creditor who holds an executive document, or who has apparent rights that prove the debt in the debtor's debt, and accordingly The research relied on the descriptive, analytical and comparative approach between the Iraqi and Egyptian legislation. The research aims to clarify what is meant by seizing the debtor's money with others, and to identify the conditions by which it is achieved, the legal nature of this seizure, and to identify the correct procedures for its establishment, and the consequences of it.

In this paper, the role of international organizations in protecting human rights will be discussed. This is because of its special importance at the international level and monitoring the extent of its effectiveness at the level of different regions. Therefore, there must be effective international organizations specialized in protecting and defending these rights against any violation at the international and regional levels. Where these organizations operate with a degree of impartiality and independence from the influence of states and their agencies.
The paper aimed to protect human rights, through monitoring human violations and preparing reports. These organizations make great efforts to defend human rights, as they take on the role of guardian of the protection of rights by activating legislation that includes establishing appropriate mechanisms to protect human rights. International organizations have been able to establish branches in all countries, and from this standpoint it has become easy to move in the face of violations and support human rights activists.
The study concluded the importance of the role of international organizations in protecting human rights because of their binding legal force at the international and regional levels. The international confession obtained by international organizations has helped them to perform their duties by states and international agreements, giving them an international and legal form. Accordingly, international organizations have succeeded in choosing appropriate mechanisms to ensure the protection of human rights.

of the most important phenomena that Abstract: Internal conflicts are considered one almost do not separate any of the countries of their various types، history and strength. These conflicts certainly negatively affect all joints of states and their social and political systems، institutions، work and strength. Therefore، it was useful to address a specific aspect of these conflicts، which are internal conflicts and know Its impact on the joints of the state، especially the nation-state، which is almost one of the most affected types of states by these conflicts because of its effects on its disintegration and liquefaction، and even its end. Therefore، this research had defined the conflict and its difference from the suspected terminology and dealt with its various types، according to what the researchers classified Then it was necessary to study the various internal and external factors and international factors، which are an important reason for the existence of these conflicts and their fueling and intensity and their various effects on the existence of the nation-state. The research has many sources that varied between books، treatises، publications and periodicals. The research also concluded a set of important results and recommendations.

This research examines the effectiveness of political and economic sanctions as tools for promoting human rights. It specifically investigates the impact of these sanctions on human rights, as well as their ability to achieve the desired objectives.
The findings suggest that political and economic sanctions can exert both positive and negative effects on human rights. While they may achieve their intended goals in certain instances, these sanctions can also precipitate unintended consequences such as an increase in human rights violations, economic hardships, and social unrest. Furthermore, the effect of sanctions on human rights may vary depending on the targeted country's political and economic context.
The research concludes that although sanctions can serve as effective tools for promoting human rights, policymakers need to carefully consider potential unintended repercussions. They should ensure that the sanctions are targeted and designed to minimize harm to the civilian population. Lastly, this research underscores the need for further study to better comprehend the complex relationship between sanctions and human rights.

Ukraine is linked to Russia's strategic interests and affects its national security. It is possible to say that Ukraine is creating Russia's image as a great power، or it is breaking that image. Russia without Ukraine is just a country، while Russia with Ukraine is an empire. Ukraine access point to warm waters via the Crimea peninsula، which is located in the south of Ukraine. Russia has been interested in Crimea for hundreds of years، as it is considered a passage to the Black Se،.

The laws of production and productivity are the process of creating and discovering benefits from resources through human effort to satisfy original needs, as Islam considers lawful, productive work to be a worship for which man will be rewarded, and the priorities of production in Islam are necessities, then needs, and improvements, and necessities occupy the main base of social interests. The purpose of Development is not a cause of satisfying essential needs, but it is a result of this satisfaction. The development plan must include complete agreement with high morals, and the combination of spirit and matter. The efficiency of stock markets is linked to the speed with which the prices of securities traded in them, especially stocks, are affected by the information available to the dealing people, as it leads to The ability of the market, unlike any new information on securities prices, to evaluate them at their true value, but the level of efficiency of these markets and the degree of their realization varies according to the information available to those dealing in them, as the weak level of efficiency requires the availability of information on stock prices and their trading volume, while the semi-strong level requires In addition, it provides information on general economic conditions, industry conditions, the facility’s financial reports, and other information. As for the strong level, it requires the availability of all information, whether historical, public or private. I have found in this research that the laws of the Islamic market are capable of achieving productive efficiency, as a result of the controls and laws they have adhered to, represented by the religious and legal motivation of every individual, and that whoever adheres to By Islamic rules and laws in the market, production, and dealing with workers, it achieves productive efficiency regardless of religion and nationality, and this is what we observe in developed countries. Whoever turns away from those rules and laws will not achieve productive efficiency, even if he is a Muslim.