Euphrates Journal of Agricultural Science

This study was conducted in the Abu Al-Jasim region located in northern of Babylon province, in order to know the effect of bio-fertilizers, organic fertilizer and irrigation periods on the traits of vegetative growth for rice plant. The spilt-spilt plots were used according to the Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD), with three replicates, where the treatments of irrigation periods (continuous irrigation, irrigation every 6 days) occupied the main plots, while the organic fertilizer (300: 150: 100 kg.ha-1) NPK of the recommended quantity, 85% sheep manure: 15% poultry waste, 70% sheep manure: 30% poultry waste, 100% sheep manure) occupied sub-plots, while the bio-fertilization treatments (0, 83.33 g.ml-1 Mycorrhiza, 1.67 g.ml-1 Trichoderma, 10 ml.L-1 water EM1) occupied sub-sub-plots. The results showed the following: Bio-fertilizers were significantly excelled in the traits of vegetative growth for rice plants (plant height, area of flag leaf, the flag leaf content of chlorophyll, length of panicle, number of tillers per m2). where the plants treated with Mycorrhiza (C1) has excelled by giving it the highest average for the number of tillers per m2 amounted to (449.24, 437.26 tillers.m-2) for both seasons, respectively, while plants of control treatment (C0) gave the lowest average amounted to (406.70, 408.75 tillers.m-2) for both seasons, respectively. The adding of the organic fertilizer affected in the increasing the traits of vegetative growth for rice plant (plant height, area of flag leaf, the flag leaf content of chlorophyll, length of panicle, number of tillers per m2), where the plant treated with organic fertilizer (B3) has excelled by giving it the highest average for the number of tillers per m2 which amounted to (461.52, 449.32 tillers.m-2) for both seasons, respectively, while the plants of the control treatment (B0) gave the lowest average amounted to (413.86, 409.89 tillers.m-2) for both seasons respectively. The irrigation treatment every 6 days was significantly excelled in the traits of (plant height, area of flag leaf, the flag leaf content of chlorophyll, length of panicle, number of tillers per m2), where the plants of the irrigation treatment every 6 days has excelled by giving them the highest average for the numbers of tillers amounted to (439.66, 410.13 tillers.m-2) for both seasons, respectively, while the plants of continuous irrigation treatment gave the lowest average amounted to (418.14, 407.38 tillers.m-2) for both seasons, respectively. The bi-interaction between irrigation periods and bio-fertilizers affected significantly for some studied traits. The bi-interaction between irrigation periods and organic fertilizers also affected significantly for some studied traits. The bi-interaction between organic fertilizers and bio-fertilizers showed a significant effect on some studied traits. The triple interaction between the study factors gave a significant increase in the traits of the vegetative growth for the rice plant (plant height, area of flag leaf, the flag leaf content of chlorophyll, length of panicle, number of tillers per m2), respectively.

This study was carried out at the farm of the Animal Resources Dept. / College of Agriculture / University of Tikrit during the period from 15/2/2017 to 15/6/2017. Twelve Awassi lambs at the age of 4-5 months of age with an average weight of 24.65±2.49 kg, were distributed into 3 groups (4 lamb/group) to study the effect of replacement of soybean with Lupinus albus at levels of 0, 6 and 12% for the T1 (control),T2 and T3 respectively and its effect on some biochemical indicators including cholesterol ,HDL, LDL, total protein, albumin, globulin, AST, ALT, glucose and calcium Ca+2 concentrations for four age periods, 4-5, 5-6, 6-7 and 7-8 month for first, second, third and fourth periods respectively. The results showed significant decrease (P<0.01) in cholesterol level in T2 during the second period, while the third group showed a significant increase (P<0.01) in HDL at the first period and significant decrease (P<0.01) in LDL at the second and third periods. The level of globulin was increased significantly (P<0.01) in T2 at the second period and significant increased (P<0.01) in AST and ALT for T3 at first and second periods while serum glucose was significantly increase in T3 at the third period and Ca+2 levels was significantly increased (p<0.01) at the same period.

The research dealt with studying the production function for the Cucumber crop cultivated in greenhouses (a private sector in Diyala province for a random sample from crop farmers that included (38 farmers) from the study community that amounted to (151 farmers), a private sector for the production season (2018 autumn season), Where 38 greenhouses were studied and the Multiple Regression Analysis for the main elements involved in the production process was conducted and the function was analyzed by taking the Natural logarithm for production as a dependent factor and the natural logarithm for each element of the production elements as independent factors. It became clear through the analysis that a portion of these elements is not optimally exploited, through indicating their parameters that represented by the productive elasticities where they were negative, this means that their production occurs these elements in the third stage from the law of diminishing returns, which is the work variable, the cost of the peat moss, dusting and cost of the Seeds. As for the other factors, they came with positive elasticities, which means that they occur in the rational production stage, where they are optimally employed and these resources include maintenance costs, fuel costs, oils for the watering pump, fertilizer and control costs. Regression was also analyzed by taking the natural logarithm for both work and capital in order to find total production elasticity using the Cobb–Douglas production function and it became clear that the elasticities of these elements are positive and have achieved the optimum combination for production due to the cooperation of production resources in this model so that additional units can be exploited in desire for vertical expansion of production. It was recommended to use the available resources based on the results of scientific research or Agricultural departments Bulletins as well as the expansion of the project by using additional areas to cultivating cucumber crops in greenhouses.

In order to evaluate the state of soil and plant contamination, studying some physical and chemical properties affecting the behavior of heavy metals as a result of irrigation with wastewater of Al-Muamirah station. The present study selected five locations located between two longitudes "111 ˊ24 32°-"282 ˊ25 32° N and two latitudes "232 ˊ28 44°- "279 ˊ28 44° E for agricultural soils in Babylon province. The positive ions exchange capacity was between (12.05-40.47 cmol q.kg-1). The content of calcium carbonate for the study of soil was between (221.70-437.70 g.kg-1). The total concentration of heavy metals (lead, zinc, copper) was within the limits of the World Health Organization (WHO, 2003). Cadmium exceeded the allowed limits for the soil of the station only. The heavy metal content of zinc and copper in all parts of the Alfalfa and Barley plant was within the limits of the organization while the elements of lead and cadmium exceeded the permissible limits. The values of Bioconcentration factor (BCF) from soil to root were for lead (0.34), cadmium (0.47), zinc (0.35) and copper (0.43) for the growing Alfalfa plant in the station. It amounted to (0.31, 0.38, 0.34, 0.47; 0.34, 0.32, 0.37, 0.33) in Al-Rasheed and Al-Rifaaiya soils. It amounted to (0.51, 0.31, 0.47, 0.56; 0.41, 0.38, 0.41, 0.38) in the two control soils (Prophet Ayyub (peace be upon him) and Al-Sayyah), respectively. As for the bioconcentration factor from soil to stem was lower than that in the dry matter for the root for each of the study soils. The bioconcentration factor from the soil to the root for the growing barley plant was higher from the soil to the stem for most heavy metals in the study soils, The translocation factor (TF) of Alfalfa plant from root to the grew leaves in the study soils amounted to (0.40, 0.39, 0.70, 0.59; 0.46, 0.58, 0.83, 0.51; 0.68,0.51, 0.59, 0.80), respectively. It amounted to (0.30, 0.64, 0.47 and 0.34; 0.67, 0.28, 0.48, 0.60) at the two control soils of Prophet Ayyub (peace be upon him) and Al-Sayyah for the mentioned elements under study, respectively. As for the results of the translocation factor from the root to the stem are lower than the translocation factor from root to leaves in both affected and control soils. Likewise, the translocation factor for barley from root to leaves was higher than root to stem.

The experiment was conducted during the 2017-2018 agricultural season in the greenhouse covered with saran cover belonging to the Agricultural Research and Experimental Station, College of Agriculture, University of Basra, in order to study the response of Gerbera (Gerbera jamesonii) to spraying with Moringa leaves extract at a concentration of (0, 5, 10 g.L-1), Fenugreek seed soak at a concentration of (0, 3, 6 g.L-1), and zinc at a concentration of (0, 60 mg.L-1)in the traits of vegetative and flowering growth, with rate of three sprayings between one spraying and another (21 days). The results showed that treating with Moringa leaves extract at concentration of (5 g.L-1) led to a significant increase in the number of leaves, flowering period, diameter of flower stalk, number of flowers, diameter of flower and number of petals which amounted to (35.11 leaves.plant-1, 156.56 days, 4.21 mm, 30.50 flowers.plant-1, 11.84 cm, 52.28 petals.flower-1), respectively. The results also showed that spraying with the same extract but with a concentration of (10 g.L-1) led to a significant increase in all studied traits, while spraying the plants with fenugreek seed soak at a concentration of (3 g.L-1) led to a significant increase in the length of the flower stalk, the diameter of the flower stalk and the number of petals (40.27 cm, 4.16 mm, 52.67 petals.flower-1), respectively. The results showed that spraying with fenugreek seeds soak at a concentration of (6 g.L-1) led to a significant increase in all studied vegetative and flowering traits. while spraying with zinc led to a significant increase in flowering period, length of the flower stalk, the diameter of the flower stalk, number of flowers and number of petals (159.19 days, 42.27 cm, 4.22 mm, 29.59 flowers.plant-1, 53.56 petals.plant-1). The triple and bi-interactions between the factors of the experiment showed a significant effect on most of the studied traits.

Understanding of the interactions between biofertilizers and chemical fertilization in soil is beneficial to soil microbes and plant growth. However, these combinations are not fully comprehended. A field experiment was conducted in a silty clay soil using RCBD design to study the effect of mycorhizal fungi (Glomus mosseae), algae (Ascophyllum Nodosum), yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and chemical fertilization (0%, 50% and 100%) of the recommended addition on some bio-soil characteristics, and potato yield (Solanum tuberosumL.). It was found that the combination of mycorhizal fungi with algae (B3) recorded the highest increase in soil respiration (7.00 mg CO2 g-1.soil). Furthermore, the application of chemical fertilization at 100% raised soil respiration (6.36 mg CO2 g-1 soil) as compared with control treatments (5.75 mg CO2 g-1 soil). In addition, aggregate stability was largely increased (34.64 %) by the combination of mycorrhizal fungi with yeast (B5). More importantly, the application of the chemical fertilizers at 100% reduced aggregate stability (30.39 %) and bacterial counts (44.67 × 106g -1) as compared with the control treatments (33.25 %) and (51.10× 106g -1) respectively. It’s noted also that the highest mycorhizal infection rate was 55.93 % when mycorhizal fungi was combined with yeast (B5). In contrast, the applied chemical fertilization at 100% reduced highly the mycorrhizal infection rate (21.34 %) as compared with the control (51.04 %). Moreover, the combinations of mycorhizal fungi, yeast and algae (B6) proved a significant increase in the total yield (18.91 tons ha-1). This study concluded that chemical fertilization negatively inversely influenced soil aggregate stability, infection rate and microbial community while the combination of mycorhizal fungi, algae and yeast with a higher rate of chemical fertilization was beneficial to microbial respiration and potato yield.

The experiment was conducted for the autumn season (2018 - 2017) in one of the greenhouses belonging to the Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Al-Qasim Green University, in the soil with a sandy texture. The randomized complete block design (RCBD) was used, with three replicates. The experiment included 3 replicates and for each replicate is a 9 treatments to became the total number of experimental units are 27 treatment: The drainage wastes which is symbolized by (M), poultry wastes which is symbolized by (D), cow manure which is symbolized by (A), and peat moss which is symbolized by (P) randomly distributed on the experimental units, with a rate of (20, 40 tons.ha-1) for each treatment, with three replicates in addition to the control treatment (without any adding). The results showed that the organic wastes from plant origin (peat moss) were characterized by raising their content of organic matter, organic carbon and humin than the rest of the wastes, where their concentrations amounted to (479.4, 206.54, 312.0 g.kg-1), respectively. while the highest concentration of humic acid amounted to (17.52 g.kg-1) and the lowest C: N ratio amounted to (8.96) in poultry wastes compared to other wastes. The eggplant yield increased with adding organic wastes compared to the control treatment. Poultry wastes gave the highest yield of eggplant amounted to (100.00, 178 ton.ha-1) for 20 and 40 ton.ha-1, respectively.