Euphrates Journal of Agricultural Science

This study was conducted in the soils of Aljadwal Algharbi district in Karbala province, which is located in the region between the longitude 415656 to 426008 east and the latitude 3597981 to 369564 north, where the soils of part of the district were surveyed and included agricultural soils (cultivated) with an area of (15,252 ha), where 100 locations were identified and for four depths (0-30 cm, 30-60 cm, 60-90 cm, and 90-120 cm) by a Drilling rig (Alokr). It also revealed 8 pedons to be representative of the region, and its coordinates were determined by a GPS device. A path with a length of 14,400 m, which runs through the widest and most repeated units, has been chosen, and he horizons of the pedons have described fundamentally and morphology. It was studied the spatial variabilities for the chemical and fertile traits and for different depths using advanced statistics (time series analysis). The results showed that all chemical traits were variability and it described as highly variability and according to the scale (wilidig, 1994), except for the reaction of the soil, it was slightly variable according to this scale. The most variability traits were the content of organic matter and calcium carbonate, gypsum, Cation-exchange capacity, and electrical conductivity. As for the models that describe the variability of the chemical traits, the Autoregressive model (AR1) was the most suitable and suitable for these traits, with a percentage of (58.33%), the moving-average model (MA1), with a percentage of (29.17%), and the Autoregressive integrated moving average model (ARIMA), with a percentage of (12.5%). The results indicated that calculating the number of required samples for each of the chemical traits by random method which ranged between (3- 135 samples), the lowest samples were for the degree of soil interaction pH, the most number of samples for the soil content of organic matter by the time series analysis method and relying on self-correlation only for the chemical traits which ranged between (3-56 samples), which was the lowest number for soil interactions, and the largest number for gypsum content in the soil.

The research was conducted in the field of the Department of Animal Production, College of Agriculture, Al-Qasim Al-Green University in order to study the sex chromatin in white blood cells (neutrophils) and its relationship to the reproductive performance for a sample consist of 16 ewes. Blood samples were drawn, prepared, and examined to determine the presence, shapes, and measurements of the sex chromatin and its relationship to reproductive traits. The results showed that the percentage of existing sex chromatin in Al-Awassi ewes varied significantly (P <0.01) which amounted to (21.25, 30.75, 16.00 and 32.00%) for the drum stick, Sessile nodule, Teardrop, and Small club, respectively. As for the horizontal and vertical axes for the nucleus and chromatin, it was found that there was a significant effect at the significant level (P <0.05) of the sex chromatin shapes on the vertical axis and the nucleus area. While the results showed that there was no effect for the shape of chromatin on the number of lobes for the nucleus and the horizontal axis for the nucleus. As for the traits of chromatin, the study showed a significant effect at the significant level (P <0.01) for the shapes of sex chromatin, its axes, and its area. The study also found that there is a significant variation (P <0.05) in the fertility rate according to the shape of the sex chromatin, where the ewes whose chromatin with Teardrop shape in their blood achieved the highest fertility rate amounted to (2.77 ± 0.08 born/abdomen) followed by the chromatin with Small club shape (2.71 ± 0.06 born/abdomen). As for females who were distinguished by sex chromate of the type of Sessile nodule or drum stick, it achieved fertility of (2.61 ± 0.05 and 2.52 ± 0.06 born/abdomen), respectively.

The experiment was conducted in the poultry field belonging to the Department of Animal Production, College of Agriculture, Al-Qasim Green University for the period from (8/10 / 2018) to (12/11/2018). The study aims to identify the effect of different levels of citric acid, tartaric acid, and their interaction on the productive performance for broiler chickens (Ross-308). In the experiment, 270 chicks of unsexed broiler chickens (Ross-308) were used, with one day age, randomly distributed, with a rate of 6 experimental treatments. Each treatment included 3 replicates, each replicate has 15 birds. The treatments of the experiment were as follows: The first treatment: a basic diet (initiator and final) that does not contain organic acids. The second and third treatments: citric acid was added to the feed (2.5 and 3 mg/kg feed). As for the fourth and fifth treatment, tartaric acid was added to the feed (2.5 and 3 mg/kg feed), the sixth treatment: a mixture of citric acid and tartaric acid was added to the feed (1.5 + 1.5 mg/kg feed). The results of the experiment showed a significant difference (p <0.01) for the birds of the second, third and sixth treatment (2.5% citric acid, 3% citric acid, 1.5% citric acid + 1.5% tartaric acid), respectively, at the fifth week in the average of the body weight and total weight gain. The control treatment was significantly excelled (p <0.05) in the average of total feed consumption which amounted to (3297.67 g / bird). The sixth treatment recorded the best total feed conversion ratio amounted to (1.5 g feed / g weight gain) compared to the control treatment.

A field experiment was conducted for the winter season 2018 in the wire canopy belonging to Al-Furat Al-Awsat Technical University, Al-Mussaib Technical College, in order to study the effect of bio-fertilization and salinity of irrigation water and the effect of their interaction on some chemical traits for clay loam soil and wheat growth, where a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) was used, with three replicates, and the treatments of the experiment were four qualities of saline irrigation water (river water 4, 6 and 8) and the number of experimental units was 24 experimental units. The results of the study showed the following:1- Irrigation with saline water at electrical conductivity (8 dS.m-1) (W3) led to a significant decrease in the height of plants (84.9 cm) and the dry weight of the total vegetative (33.47 g.pot-1) compared to the control treatment irrigated with river water (W0) at electrical conductivity (1.3 dS.m-1) which their averages amounted to (102.53 cm and 42.33 g.pot-1), respectively.

The study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of some plant extracts and Bio-factors against the Sclerotinia sclerotiorum fungus causing white mold disease on eggplant in vitro. The results of isolation and diagnosis showed three isolates of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. The results of isolation and diagnosis showed three isolates of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. The results showed that the fluorescens Pseudomonas bacteria had a significant effect in inhibiting the growth of isolate of pathogenic fungi that causing white mold disease of eggplant. The results also showed the Effective microorganism extract (EM-1) in inhibiting the growth of the tested pathogen isolate (S.sclerotiorum (Sc-2)), where the percentages of inhibition amounted to (100.00%). The results showed that all used plant extracts to study their effect against the pathogenic fungus (S. sclerotiorum), which included the leaves of the water hyacinth, Hornwort, and Conocarpus, achieved high effectiveness of inhibitory against the growth of pathogenic fungi on the culture media and in a direct relationship with an increased focus for each treatment. The results indicated that the aqueous extract for the Propolis was inhibiting activity against the pathogenic isolate for the fungi pathogenic (Sc-2), where the percentages of inhibition amounted to (50.77, 52.92 and 74.13%) when adding concentrations of (5, 10 and 15%), respectively. This study showed, for the first time in the world, the efficiency of the cold aqueous extract for propolis and the leaves extract for the water hyacinth, Hornwort, and Conocarpus against the S. sclerotiorum fungus that causing white mold disease on eggplant.

The study included an analysis of the open external spaces and gardens for the hospital and what the needs and deficiencies it suffers from, as well as conducting a questionnaire process to determine the users ’desires for space, where the results of the questionnaire showed that the external spaces of the hospital lack attention to the design aspect and randomness in the distribution of its natural and structural components, the lack of gardens for diversity in the vegetation and most of the spaces are restricted to the Conocarpus plant. It was found through the study that the building’s interconnection with nature and organizing the role of pathways and walkways of movement should be adopted to help users to move easily, identifying pathways and walkways with plant fences and complementary elements necessary to provide shade. The results of the questionnaire sample also showed the necessity of providing treatment in horticultural and agricultural as a type of psychotherapy in addition to regular treatment. Most of the opinions of the patient questionnaire sample (children) stressed the necessity of covering the floors of corridors and walkways with grass floors, where it allows easy movement for wheelchair users with special requirements. The results of the study showed that the majority of the respondents (children) prefer to see cartoons on the walls overlooking the garden, where this affects the perceptive awareness for the resident child, it also enriches the building sensually, and its impact is then reflected on the psychological aspect for the child. The researcher reached the necessity of integrating hospital buildings and their external spaces functionally, environmentally and sensually, where it raises the utilitarian and aesthetic value of the building and creates a sense of positive psychological comfort by the ideal relationship between the natural, structural and climatic elements in the concepts of curative and healing environments through beautiful green spaces. The researcher also confirms that the plans included in the appendices are designed according to the desires of the respondents to reach the best design decision.

This study was conducted in two locations (al-Fadelian and Althahab al’abaith) in Baghdad governorate on a sample of 60 Iraqi buffalo females (Bubalus bubalis) for the period from 1/11/2017 to 1/11/2018. This study was conducted to: identifying the genotypes, the proportions of their distribution of fragment (Intron1-1146 bp) of DGAT1 gene and the relationship of those genotypes to performance of the Buffalo were the main goals of this study.The genotypes of the target non-coding area of the specific Fragment (Intron1-1146 bp) differed from DGAT1 gene depending on the different genetic packets resulting from enzymatic digestion, which showed three genotypes represented by CC, CT and TT and their distribution ratios were 60.00, 33.33 and 6.67% Respectively, the discrepancy between these three ratios was highly significant (P < 0.01),while the frequency of allele was 0.77 and 0.23 for both allele’s C and T respectively. The results showed that the production of daily milk was not significantly affected by the different in the genotypes of this Fragment of DGAT1 gene, while the age of the first birth was significant affected (P < 0.05) by the variation of the genotypes for the studied fragment by DGAT1 gene of buffalo with genotype CT and CC in comparison with its peers that had the genotype TT. The fat ratio had been significantly influenced where it had been at maximum in buffalo milk that had the genotype TT (8.00 ± 0.52 %) and CT (7.43 ± 0.71 %), while other milk component ratio had not been significantly affected by the genotype variation . The body dimensions also had not been significantly affected at mother except chest circumference (P<0.05), the highest production was in buffalo with TT genotype (213.00± 0.00cm).

This study is conducted to know the effect of ground addition and spraying with humic acid and their interaction on the growth and yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in one of the agricultural fields belonging to Karbala province (Ayn Al-Tamr) during the winter season in loamy sand soil. It included three levels of ground addition which are (0, 20 and 40 kg.ha-1) representing the first factor which are symbolized (H0, H1, H2) and spraying with humic acid representing the second factor which is symbolized (F0, F1, F2), with three concentrations are (0, 5, 10 ml.L-1). Thus, the number of treatments became two treatments with three replicates, so the number of experimental units became 27 experimental units, and the experiment was conducted according to the Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). Wheat (IPA-99 cultivar) was cultivated in January 2018. At maturity, the height of the plant, the leaf area, the chlorophyll index, and the number of branches were measured. The results showed:1- The ground addition treatment of humic acid (H2) has excelled compared to the control treatment with a significant increase in most traits of the growth for the wheat crop which amounted to (102.83 cm, 52.10 cm2, 10 branches, and 54.04 Spad unit) for the plant height, leaf area, number of branches, and the chlorophyll index, respectively.

The study was conducted in the laboratories of the Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture, Animal House, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tikrit for the period from 15 April to 22 May 2018, in order to determining the effectiveness of Collagen and its therapeutic role in the immunological standards for laboratory animals induced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, as well as measuring the weights of some internal organs (heart, brain, liver, kidneys, spleen, and thyroid). The results showed that oral administration of standard and laboratory chicken collagen did not cause a significant change in the relative weights of the internal organs (heart, liver, kidneys, and thyroid gland), but it caused a significant decrease in the total number of granulocytes. While there was a significant increase in the percentages and numbers of lymphocytes, it was also found that oral administration of collagen caused a decrease in the levels of immunoglobulins IgG, IgM and IgA.

The experiment was conducted in the vegetable field belonging to the Department of Horticulture and Landscape Gardening, College of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Mosul in the agricultural season of (2018-2019), to study the effect of intercropping by cultivating broad bean plants with lettuce plants and monoculture by cultivating lettuce plants only and adding seaweed extracts (Acadian, Alga zone and Phyllgreen mira, and Ultra-Kelp 40) at a concentration of (6ml.L-1) and for all extracts in addition to the control treatment (urea fertilizer at a rate of 200 kg.ha-1). The split-plot system was applied once according to the Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD), with three replicates, the cultivation pattern was placed in the main-plot and other treatments were placed in the sub-plot. The results can be summarized as follows: The monoculture pattern was significantly excelled in the perimeter of the head, the number of leaves per plant, length, and weight of the stem, percentage of wrapped heads%, total weight of the head, the marketing weight of the head, marketing yield of heads with an increase of 70.60% and total yield of heads, with an increase of 91.86% compared to intercropping. The addition of urea fertilizer was significantly excelled in head length, the perimeter of the head, number of leaves per plant, stem length, stem weight, the total weight of the head, marketing weight of the head, marketing yield of heads, and total yield of the head. The addition of seaweed extract (Phyllgreen mira) has excelled only in the percentage of wrapped heads. As for the interaction among the cultivation pattern and the addition of seaweed extracts and urea, the interaction between the addition of urea and monoculture was significantly excelled in all the traits under study.