Euphrates Journal of Agricultural Science

This study carried out in Sulaimani region at Bakrajo directorate of agriculture research station during the cultivate season of 2017-2018 to evaluate the response of four barley varieties (Tadmor, Zabad, Legnee and Arivat) to three levels of Fe- EDDHA (0, 20 and 40 kg ha-1), the design of split plot was conducted. The results of the study confirmed that there were significant differences among genotypes for all studied characters. The application of 40 kg/ha Fe- EDDHA produced maximum value for almost all studied characters. The maximum grain yield was 6.333T/ha produced by Lignee variety as 40 kg/ha of Fe- EDDHA was applied. Maximum positive direct effect in grain yield recorded by biomass yield 1.551, and followed by harvest index and weight of grains/ spike 1.347 and 0.866 g respectively. This indicates that the increase of these components causes some increase in grain yield.

This experiment was carried out in plastic house at a private orchard, Sulaimani governorate- Iraqi, Kurdistan Region. During (2016 and 2017) growing season to investigate the effect of two factors (rosemary plant extracts (0, 3 and 6%) and two concentrations of calcium chloride (0 and 0.5%). Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) was used in this experiment, with three replicates. Foliar application was used at twice. The first time was applied before blossom on 12 March (before flowering phase) and second time after fruit set on 3April, (fruit setting phase).
Fruits harvested early in the morning (5:00 am) at full ripening stage every 4 days at (April 15, to May 29, 2017), fruit displaying surface defects, damage and decayed were discarded. They were then packed in 1 kg containers (PP Material Dinnerware Sets Disposable Fruit Packaging Box with Lid 200PCS/LOT Transparent Rectangle Thicken Package Containers). All treated fruits were stored in cold storage (2±1°C) with a relative humidity 85-90% for 30 days with continuous monitoring.
The obtained results could be summarized as follows that whole parameters were measured after 30 days of storage fruits, but Fresh weight loss was only recorded before storage.
The study revealed that the application of rosemary plant extract at highest concentration 6% decreased the Fresh weight loss% and Decay %. With respect to 3% concentration caused increase total sugars % and Calcium content (mg/100g). Application of 0.5% CaCl2 resulted the decrease in Fresh weight loss% and Decay% while maintain berry hardness (N), increased total soluble solids (TSS %) and calcium content (mg/100 g). With respect to the interactions between the 3% rosemary plant extract and 0.5% CaCl2 resulted increased the berry hardness (N), total soluble solids (TSS %), total sugars % and Calcium content (mg/100g), while the interactions between the 6% rosemary plant extract and 0.5% CaCl2 resulted decrease in Fresh weight loss%.

The study was conducted in order to determine the effect of intermittent leaching on the behavior of magnesium and sodium ions in sabkha soil compared to the other main ions. Three locations were selected from the soil of central Iraq (Yusufiyah/Baghdad, Al-Shomali/Babylon, Al-Shamia/Al-Diwaniyah). The soil was characterized by the high electrical conductivity between (131.48 - 206.92 dS m-1), low pH and it is characterized by dark brown color. The chemical traits for the main ions were estimated where observed a reduction in the electrical conductivity values in the final leaching, ranging from 3.12 dS.m-1 to 4.71 dS.m-1 and a high soil pH. The speed coefficient of leaching for Magnesium ion, It was found that it occupies an intermediate position between sodium and calcium ions. The results of the study showed the predominance of magnesium chloride salts in sabkha soils and sodium chloride in Yusufiyah soils, which are in transition from Shoura to Sabkha because they contain a high percentage of magnesium chloride.

The experiment was conducted during the winter season (2017 - 2018) in the Tomato Development Project belonging to the Directorate of Agriculture in Basra province, Khor Al-Zubair, in order to the effect of cultivation distances and potassium fertilization on the growth and yield of broccoli to determine the best cultivation distance and the best fertilizer dose causing the highest production. The experiment involved nine treatments which included the interaction between three cultivating distances of (40, 50, 60 cm) and three potassium levels of (0, 200, 300 kg.ha-1). The Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) was used to a factorial experiment with a split-plot and three replications. The averages of the treatments were compared according to the test of the least significant difference at a probability level of 0.05. The results showed that the plants cultivated on the distance of 60 cm were significantly excelled in the curd content of total chlorophyll (mg. 100 g-1 fresh weight) and in the percentage of dry matter and potassium, while the plants that cultivated at distance (50 cm) was excelled in the percentage of nitrogen. Both distances were excelled in the total plant yield (kg), the plants that cultivated at a distance of 40 cm was excelled in total yield (tons.ha-1). The plants fertilized with a level of (300 kg.ha-1) had a significant superiority in the indicators of vegetative growth and the yield under study. Bi-interaction was significant for all traits in the experiment.

Three hundreds of Ross 308 chicks at one day-old were used. The experiment was continuous until sixth week of age. The objective of this study was to identify genotypes Myostatin gene and its relation with some qualitative characteristics of carcass and different body measurements for broiler chicken. Three types of restriction enzymes Aci I (Arthrobacter citreus), Bbv I (Bacillus brevis) and Bbs I (Bacillus brevis), were used in the Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis.
The results of this study can be summarized as follows:
The percentages of genotypic frequency for the Myostatin gene by using restriction enzyme Aci I (Arthrobacter citreus) was 32 %, 54% and 14 % for the (GG, GA and AA), respectively. The differences between genotypes was highly significant, furthermore, the effect of the genotypes of the Myostatin gene on carcass yield percentage was significant (P<0.05) too .Effect of the genotypes of the Myostatin gene on the body measurement was significant (P<0.05) on the breast width during third week and the body length during sixth week. The percentage of genotype distribution for the Myostatin gene by restriction enzyme Bbs I was 6.78%, 86% and 31.36 % for the genotypes. (CC, CT and TT), respectively and the differences between these percentages was highly significant and the effect of the genotypes of the Myostatin gene on the body measurement was significant (P<0.05) on the leg length during third week and leg length, the body length and comb height during sixth week. The percentage of genotype distribution for the Myostatin gene by restriction enzyme Bbv I in samples of studied was 98% and 2 % for the genotypes, (AA and GA) respectively and the differences between these percentages was highly significant and the effect of the genotypes of the Myostatin gene on the body measurement was significant (P<0.01) in the leg length and thigh thickness during sixth week.

The study was conducted to determine the effect of of cumin (Cuminum cyminum) and ginger (Zingiber officinale) powder on performance in Japanese quails. 630 bird (7 birds for each treatment) nine weeks of age were used. Experiment was continued for 12 weeks divided to six periods and the birds distributed randomly on nine combinations of cumin and ginger, three levels of each plant powder namely, 0, 0.5 and 1%. T1 (Control) contain the slandered diet (0% of cumin and 0% of ginger), T2: (0% of cumin and 0.5% of ginger), T3: (0% of cumin and 1% of ginger), T4: (0.5% of cumin and 0% of ginger), T5: (0.5% of cumin and 0.5% of ginger), T6: (0.5% of cumin and 1% of ginger), T7: (1% of cumin and 0% of ginger), T8: (1% of cumin and 0.5% of ginger),T9: (1% of cumin and 1% of ginger.
Results showed a significant effect (P˂0.05) of cumin and ginger powder on egg production in all periods and a significant effect on egg weight in the 3rd and 4th periods. Results showed a significant effect (P˂0.05) of cumin and ginger additives to the diets on body weight in the 4th, 5th and 6th periods. A significant improvement (P˂0.05) was observed in feed conversion ratio for the addition of cumin and ginger, while feed consumption was not affected.
From the results of this experiment, we can conclude that the addition of these medical plants enhanced the productive traits and body weight in Japanese quail through the different period of rearing.

The experiment was conducted at Greenhouse / Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Qasim Green University, to study the seedling response of three true potato seed (TPS) genotypes (MSL211, MSV093-1 and MSS927-01) to foliar fertilizer (0, 5, 10 g.L-1). The seeds were soaked for 24 hours and planted in planting dishes, the seedlings were cared until 40 days age. The seedlings were transferred to plastic house for a field experiment according to randomized complete block design with three replications. The spraying were done 15 days intervals with neutral fertilizer (20-20-20 N-P-K). After crop maturity, the data were taken as average of 10 plants by calculating plant tubers number , tuber average weight and plant tubers yield. The genotype MSS927-01 was significantly superior in plant tuber number, average tuber weight and yield per plant ( 5.5, 7.3 g and 40.82 g , respectively). The fertilizer was significantly affected yield components compared to control and high concentration was significantly superior by increasing plant tuber number, average tuber weight and plant tuber yield to 5.7 , 7.8 g and 44.54 g , respectively.

A field experiment was conducted for the cultivation of wheat crop Triticum aestivum L. in one of the fields belonging to the extension farm experiments in Al-Mahnawiya belonging to the Extension Center in Babylon province during the winter season (2017-2018) to study the effect of adding humic acid in wheat bearing to water stress during branching stage and grains filling stage, In the experiment, three levels of humic acid were used (0: The control treatment, 20 kg.ha-1: Added to soil, 10 ml.L-1: Sprayed on the plant) which are symbolized by (H0, H1, H2), respectively. Three water stresses were also used: S0 is the control treatment, (S1) stopping irrigation in the branching stage, (S2) stopping irrigation in the grain filling stage. The experiment was applied within the classification of the Randomized Complete Blocks Design (R.C.B.D), in the order of split plots, with three replicates. Wheat seeds (Aba 99 cultivar) were cultivated which obtained from Agricultural Research Station in Babylon. Concentrations of nutrient elements have estimated of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in post-harvest soil. Plant height, number of branches, weight of 1000 grains, Biologic yield, grain yield and harvest index, concentrations of nutrient elements (N, P, K) in grain, Protein and Leaves content of K were also estimated. The depth of irrigation water and its date were determined depending on the moisture of the soil and according to the depth of the plant root system and the results were as follows:
1. The spraying treatment with humic acid H2 was excelled compared to the control treatment was significantly increased in most of the growth traits of wheat yield (100.05 cm plant height, 9.33 branches, 48.93 cm2 flag leaf area, 49.96 spad unit, chlorophyll index).
2. The interaction treatment (H2S0) gave the highest values and for most of the study indicators of (104.39 cm plant height, 12 branches, 56.80 cm2 flag leaf area, 55.20 spad unit chlorophyll index).

This study was designed to determine the incidence rate of some fertility problems that occur in cows in some districts of Salah AL-Din province. Data were collected from the records of the documentation of the coming cases to the veterinary clinics in AL- Dhuluiya and Al-Tuz in Salah-addin province. The results of the statistical data showed that cases of dystocia, retained fetal membranes and metritis were the highest incidence of other genital problems in local Iraqi cows, while the incidence of uterine and vaginal prolapse was less than the incidence of other cases. The system of breeding and the quality of food used have the greatest effect on the proportion occurrence of various reproductive problems in local Iraqi cows.

The experiment was designed to determine the effect of adding two types of nutritional flavorings (cardamom and cinnamon) and their mixture to the diet in oxidation indicators for the meat of broilers chickens raised for 35 days age, where 240 unsexed broilers chickens (Ross 308) with one day age were used, the chicks were distributed on four treatments with rate of 60 chicks/treatment. the chicks of each treatment were divided into three replicates (20 chick/replicate). The chicks were fed on the initiator and final diets with the level of crude protein (21.76 and 8818%), the metabolic energy was (3000.13 and 3120.98 kcal/kg), respectively, added to it the following nutritional flavorings : First treatment (T1): Control treatment without any addition, second treatment (T2): A diet added to it (5 g.kg-1 feed) of cardamom powder, Third treatment (T3): A diet added to it (5 g.kg-1 feed) of cinnamon powder, Fourth treatment (T4): A diet added to it (2.5 g.kg-1 feed) of cardamom powder + 2.5 g.kg-1 feed of cinnamon powder. The results showed a significant decrease (P <0.05) in the values of Thiobarbituric acid (TBA), free fatty acids (FFA) and the number of peroxides (PV) for all additive treatments (T2, T3, T4) compared to the control treatment at the period of 0 and 30 days of storage. The current study concludes that the addition of nutritional flavorings (cardamom and cinnamon) and their mixture to the diet of broilers chickens contributed to the reduction of meat oxidation indicators and to the periods before and after 30 days of storage.

A field experiment was conducted for the cultivation of wheat crop Triticum aestivum L. in one of the fields belonging to the extension farm experiments in Al-Mahnawiya belonging to the Extension Center in Babylon province during the winter season (2017-2018) to study the effect of adding humic acid in wheat bearing to water stress during branching stage and grains filling stage, In the experiment, three levels of humic acid were used (0: The control treatment, 20 kg.ha-1: Added to soil, 10 ml.L-1: Sprayed on the plant) which are symbolized by (H0, H1, H2), respectively. Three water stresses were also used: S0 is the control treatment, (S1) stopping irrigation in the branching stage, (S2) stopping irrigation in the grain filling stage. The experiment was applied within the classification of the Randomized Complete Blocks Design (R.C.B.D), in the order of split plots, with three replicates. Wheat seeds (Aba 99 cultivar) were cultivated which obtained from Agricultural Research Station in Babylon. Concentrations of nutrient elements have estimated of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in post-harvest soil. Plant height, number of branches, weight of 1000 grains, Biologic yield, grain yield and harvest index, concentrations of nutrient elements (N, P, K) in grain, Protein and Leaves content of K were also estimated. The depth of irrigation water and its date were determined depending on the moisture of the soil and according to the depth of the plant root system . the results were as follows: The spraying treatment with humic acid (H2) was significantly excelled in most of the growth traits of wheat yield compared with the control treatment which gave (14.55 tons.h-1). The water stress at the grain filling stage (stopping irrigation) led to a significant increase in the leaves content of the proline compared to the two stages of water stress in the branches stage (S1) and non-stress (S0). Water stress (S0) led to a significant increase in grain yield of (6.33 tons.h-1), which did not differ significantly from the treatment of water stress in the branching stage (S1), which amounted to (5.89 tons.ha-1) while the increase in the S0 treatment was compared to the stopping irrigation treatment S3 in the grain filling stage, which amounted to (5.50 tons.h-1), an increase of 15.09%. The interaction treatment (H2S0) gave the highest values and for most of the study indicators of (16.10 and 6.60 tons.ha-1 Biologic yield and grain yield, respectively, 38.61 g weight of 1000 grains). The interaction treatment (H2S3) gave the highest harvest index of 42.99% while the H1S3 treatment gave the highest leaves content of proline acid (3.10 mg.g-1).