The islamic college university journal

‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬Abstract:-
This research investigates cultural identity in literature by analyzing two novels, Jhumpa Lahiri's The Lowland and Ahmad Saadawi's Frankenstein in Baghdad. The study focuses on themes of cultural alienation, difference, and hybridization portrayed in these novels. It seeks to comprehend how culture molds individual identities and how diverse experiences, challenges, and disparities influence perspectives and conflicts. The analysis highlights the unique contexts and viewpoints depicted in the novels. Frankenstein in Baghdad critiques scientific advancement and societal exclusion while examining the impact of war on cultural identity. Cultural identity encompasses language, beliefs, values, and traditions, and literature has historically explored this complexity. The Lowland narrates the cultural identity development of two brothers in Calcutta and America, during political unrest. Frankenstein in Baghdad explores the effect of war on cultural identity through characters constructing a monster from found body parts. This research aims to provide insights into cultural identity's intricate nature and sense of belonging. By studying these novels through a cultural identity lens, it aims to deepen understanding of how culture shapes individual experiences and viewpoints, drawing inspiration from theorists like Homi K. Bhabha and Edward Said.

Abstract:-
Persuasion is an essential aspect of human existence since individuals frequently employ persuasive tactics in various commonplace situations. The present study investigates the persuasive efficacy and rhetorical strategies adopted by Lady Zainab, the granddaughter of Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him), during her impactful discourse in the court of Yazid. Despite oppression and injustice, Lady Zainab's speech is an excellent example of compelling oratory. This study aims to clarify the critical role of persuasion in religious speech, identify the different techniques and rhetorical devices utilised by Lady Zainab. And analyse the sermon from the discourse analysis view, with a focus on the significant role of persuasion in changing the ideology of the audience as well as the role of discourse in exposing the lawlessness of Yazid's power and revealing the heinous acts perpetrated against the Prophet's family members.
The study is a qualitative study by which the researcher selects and analyses the data depending on the qualitative method. The data is the speech of Lady Zainab in the court of Yazid when the events that took place in Karbala after the martyrdom of her brothers and family members with other believers. The researcher adopts McGurie's Model of Persuasion, the Persuasion -Communication Matrix (PCM) (1989) in the analysis of the data of this study. As a result, the researcher finds that Lady Zainab's speech is widely recognized as an event of historical significance and influence. Moreover, her use of strategies of persuasive makes an impact on the ideologies of the audience. The researcher also suggests using Discourse Analysis in connecting with Persuasive Theory due to their overlapping.

Abstract:-
Symbolism is a broad topic that has been studied and tackled from literary perspectives. Syntactic symbolism is widely recognized in literary texts particularly in novels. As such, this study fulfills a stylistic study of syntactic symbolism in E. Bronte's Wuthering Heights. Generally, this study aims to find how syntactic symbolism is represented in Bronte's novel ''Wuthering Heights''. Syntactically, symbolism is achieved through certain syntactic or rhetorical stylistic devices. As such, the present study attempts at identifying the major syntactic-stylistic devices in analyzing syntactic symbolism. Moreover, the hypothesis proposed to achieve the aims of the study is that syntactic symbolism adopts a special feature to the style of the writers which distinguishes the literary text from others. Furthermore, this study presents a brief theoretical background about stylistics and symbolism. The adopted model for this analysis is made up of Tufte (2006) syntactic symbolism. To develop an analytical model for the data, a number of relevant syntactic or rhetorical devices are reviewed and made use of in this regard. The data of this study are represented by symbolism related situations in ''Wuthering Heights''. The qualitative and quantitative analysis of the present study lead to the following conclusions that syntactic stylistic symbolism is widely used in Bronte's Wuthering Heights and it is well identified through certain syntactic stylistic or rhetorical devices like parallelism, repetition, rhetorical questions, ellipsis as well as enumeration. Thus, syntactic symbolism is a prominent feature of distinguishing the style of literary text from others.

Abstract:-
In spoken or written text, speakers or writers intend to use metadiscourse markers to create a communication by which they direct their listeners and readers into different purposes. The current study attempts to investigate the subtypes of transition markers in the simplified version of "The Scarlet Letter" which is written by Nathaniel Hawthorne. Methodologically, ten samples are selected as data for analysis. The study aims to investigate the frequency and the function of each subtype of transition markers in the selected data. Then, the study hypothesizes the following: First, additive and comparison markers have been used frequently in the simplified version. Second, the function of each subtype of transition markers has an essential impact in helping readers to understand clearly the content of the literary text of "TSL".To prove these two hypotheses, the following steps are used by the researcher: literature review is presented, and using the first part of Hyland's (2019) metadiscourse model namely interactive level, then ten samples are selected as data for the study, what is more, analysing the selected data qualitatively and quantitatively, finally presenting the results and discussion. The results indicate that additive and comparison markers have been used in the novel equally with dominant number for each. In addition, the subtypes of transition markers have a significant effect in guiding and facilitating the textual content for the readers.

Abstract:-
This research aims to explore the social impact of cyber extortion through a sociolinguistic study. Cyber extortion is a growing phenomenon in the digital age and has significant social implications for individuals and society. The research seeks to understand these impacts and analyze the linguistic and social dimensions involved.
A comprehensive review of literature related to cyber extortion and social sciences was conducted to elucidate the social impact of this phenomenon. Previous studies and relevant theories were analyzed to guide the research and understand the linguistic and social dimensions of cyber extortion.
A comprehensive sociolinguistic study methodology was adopted to collect and analyze data. Data collection methods included interviews with individuals affected by cyber extortion, online surveys, and analysis of social media platforms. Data associated with language and communication were analyzed to understand linguistic and social patterns employed by both victims and perpetrators.
The findings revealed that cyber extortion has devastating social impacts on individuals and communities. The study identified common linguistic and social patterns used by victims and perpetrators in extortion processes. The study also highlights the role of language and communication in perpetuating or mitigating the spread of cyber extortion.
The social impact of cyber extortion is attributed to its psychological and socio-psychological effects, and its impact on personal and community relationships. Addressing these impacts requires efforts to raise awareness, develop prevention strategies, and provide digital safety training.

Abstract:-
Antithesis is a rhetorical device that entails the use of apparent contradictions in ideas, words, clauses, or sentences, all within a harmonious grammatical framework. The purpose of antithesis is to augment communication either emotionally or logically. This study offers a lexical semantic analysis of antithesis in Arabic and English selected texts. It aims at analyzing the texts to identify structural and functional differences and similarities in both languages, as well as, exploring the significance of antithesis in enriching meanings. To conduct the contrastive analysis of antithesis in both languages, Arabic text lines extracted from ‘Munajat Al Imam Ali (pbuh)’ have been contrasted with selected lines from Oliver Gold Smith’s ‘The Deserted Village’. The use of antithesis in Arabic and English varies in terms of linguistic structures, emphasis, style and cultural influences.

Abstract:-
The Devine attributes are verbal issues. The verses, said by women, mentioned some of these attributes including: the All-Hearing, the All-Knowing, the Provider. Finally, the attribute of the Devine power, The Power of God in the pregnancy of Sarah and Mary(peace be upon her) was one of the strange and unique miracles to society that the mind would not believe it. So, Mary (peace be upon he) questioned with astonishment, how she has a son. So, her questioning was an intelligence and an inquiry about how about the pregnancy with the aforementioned boy, because without touching men, it is not clear to her, and the questioning and surprise of Sara was because she reached menopause, and the boy did not come to her.

Abstract:-
Al-Hajjaj has its own mechanisms and methods that were used by poetry and literature in proving the right of Imam Ali (peace be upon him) to the caliphate, his precedence, and his leadership in imitating the reins of the literary argument in the book by Abdel-Hussein al-Amini (Al-Ghadir in the Book, Sunna and Literature) was based on evidential dimensions which complemented the mechanisms of argument and inference; Down to the hypothesis of persuasion, acquiescence and recognition.
The Divine Poets became aware of the inborn and effective process of their oratory, based on the mechanisms of recalling the recipient's circumstances, nature, diversity and feelings about the structure of the Day of the Divine, and its continuity across generations to follow; Their speech has been present among us today, in its image, its essence, its eloquence, which is based on argument, frankness and dialogue, in a deliberate manner in its structure and its jurisdictional purpose.

Abstract:-
There is no doubt that there are many verses of the Holy Qur'an about the promises that God Almighty has given to humans and has emphasized their certainty and legitimacy. which sometimes causes doubts in the public mind that why God does not fulfill his promises, of course, divine promises are divided into worldly and hereafter, which in this research is the first type, because hereafter promises are from the circle of judgment At first glance, worldly promises are divided into two parts, some are related to the present and some are related to the future. will be fulfilled in the future, and before these promises, only faith and heart belief and patience are necessary, so what is intended in this research is the fulfillment of God's promises in the present time and their conditions in such a way that they will be fulfilled until those conditions If he does not find it, the divine promise will not be fulfilled. This is interpreted as the "challenge of non-response". The result of his research is that the fulfillment of divine promises is not absolute, but several things are effective in the fulfillment of divine promises in the form of existential or non-existent conditions. The reason for the fulfillment of God's promises has not been fulfilled anymore, and the reason for God's promise consists of components such as necessity, lack of hindrance, and reason, the absence of each of which will cause the lack of effect, that is, God's promises, and there is no doubt about the fulfillment of God's promises. It is not that the realization of the cause depends on the realization of the cause, and the causes are divided into different types such as material and spiritual causes, but the obstacles, which are also a kind of cause, are divided into two categories, sometimes material obstacles cause the non-fulfillment of divine promises, and sometimes non-material obstacles prevent The fulfillment of these promises is the method of doing the work in the form of a library and a receipt.

Abstract:-
Rethinking the scholastic theology lesson should hinge on a deconstructive reading which inspects theologists’ articles and the inference process they take on with connection to the understanding of the relationship between the language structure, the signification and the deliberation. As a matter of fact, the language structure involves the grammatical component of the piece of writing and determining the language rules which the theologist delicately chose, while the signification is concerned with determining the meaning created by means of the utilized language structures. Deliberation, on the other hand, is concerned with the piece of writing from the point of view context and its compatibility with the framework, and with investigating the language work which the theologist wants to achieve and to examine the totality of the effects which he intends to attain by his writings.

Abstract:-
The views of the commentators differed and their directions varied as to the reason for the revelation of the noble verses, according to the interpretation’s buildings, culture, environment, inclinations and ability in general. It is necessary to know the reason for its revelation. Because this helps to understand the noble verse and to reveal what God Almighty wants from it, because it has an important impact on its interpretation, because knowledge of the cause bequeaths knowledge of the cause.
Based on the foregoing, the interpreter was between two approaches: the first is to rely on previous opinions, and to adopt or favor one of them, whether this opinion was for the Messenger (ﷺ), or for the pure imams, or for the Companions, or for a previous interpreter. or without it. As for the second approach, it is to come up with a new opinion for the interpreter who builds it based on his explanatory components and his knowledge repertoire, so our research came to shed light on the interpretive opinions and to indicate their position in rooting and formation in the reason for the revelation of the noble verse, and it is a research related to the emergence of the interpretative thought in the reasons for the revelation and its progress, and the extent of the development of its product. , and the extent to which the commentators contributed to innovation without imitation and dependency.

Abstract:
The Constitution of the Republic of Iraq of 2005 created many independent administrative bodies, including the General Authority to monitor the allocation of federal revenues, and delegated to it very important powers.
The position of the ordinary legislator under Law No. (55) of 2017 raised a membership problem to be discussed when it linked this body to the House of Representatives, which resulted in a jurisprudential controversy on the pretext that the Constitution did not link it to any body whatsoever, and this matter, according to jurisprudence, represents an important guarantee for it in the face of the legislative and executive authorities. The judiciary also said that linking the body to the House of Representatives has no legal basis. In addition to the legal basis of the Authority, it had a philosophical basis that revolved around achieving the principle of transparency and justice when allocating revenues, which resulted in a feeling of reassurance and freedom from injustice and unfairness among individuals.
Since there was previously disagreement about the nature of independent administrative bodies in general, between those who said that they were a fourth authority or a judicial or administrative authority. The order in this regard was valid for the body in question, and although we see it as an administrative authority, the law granted it the authority to issue administrative decisions and oversight tasks.

Abstract:-
Despite that nearly three decades passed on democratic transition in Iraq, it still suffers from a fragile political and social structure due to the contradictory legislations that came quickly, and starting the electoral process and writing the constitution before building the identity and institutions, as well as the role of the forces and political movements which turned political action into a struggle and fight for power as well as the absence of a state-building project , all these contributed to the fact that Iraq remains a fragile state with an inflexible traditional structure which caused many reactions, the more important of which was the immergence of the protest movements.

Abstract:-
The novel is considered one of the most prominent features of modern literature because of its place in explaining social, cultural, and even liberal dilemmas and crises in different human societies. Whether this statement is sought in reality, imagination, or other paths, we often find in modern literature that novelists resort to imagination to explain the dilemmas of their societies and try to treat them, as this type of art has entered the door of broad narrative literature under what is called today fantasy or fantasy literature, and among these Writers and novelists are the Kuwaiti novelist Jamila Sayed Ali, who excelled in employing this beautiful narrative art and wrote her novel “Al-Sari.” In her two novels, the writer spoke about global dilemmas that do not only cover the Arab world, but she was trying to talk about humanitarian crises that all of humanity shares. In this thesis, we studied the nature of fantasy and its impact on modern literature and its history in the Arab world, until the study in itself became a qualitative leap in the path of fantasy. Explaining the hidden purposes behind employing so-called imaginative literature or fantasy in modern international novels. In this study, we have relied on the descriptive analytical method adopted in objective and academic studies to reveal the hidden secrets of employing fantasy in the novel.

Abstract:-
This research aims to shed light on the social and psychological effects of communication and media on children under six years old. Previous studies point out that children in this stage of old spend 2-3 hours a day in front of TV. This will result to a negative effect on their psychological and social health.
It is negative psychological effects, that children spend long time watching TV. or messing with electronic applications which is unhealthy lifestyle, as many of them complain of loneliness and lack of sleep, as well as a less active and mobile lifestyle. As for social effects, it has been shown that children who spend a lot of time in front of TV., have difficulty communicating with their peers and may have a different and dull social lifestyle.

Abstract:-
The research deals with the rule of denying embarrassment in order to identify its meaning, the fact of the embarrassment mentioned in, its limits, the difference between it and the rule of denying hardship, and the extent of its legitimacy.
The research has concluded that the meaning of the rule is the removal of every obligation whose performance requires the person responsible to be embarrassed, and that the meaning of embarrassment is hardship, and that its limits are every obligation that must be performed as embarrassment and hardship for the assigned. And that there is a difference between the rule of denying embarrassment and the rule of denying hardship.

Abstract:-
Pulpit represents a media interface through which , the State may expresses its will and directives. It is decreed and codified by its institutions. Pulpit played a role and still in forming the public trends through which people interact. As because it is a public appearance, it is a message for spreading goals to which the preacher seeks to be a mean to deepen the Arabic thought , cultivate the Islamic awareness and build the good citizenship. If excluding its tendentious and controversial purposes, it is a form of media speech and honest tongue sometimes to express the social and political situation of the nation. Through it, mass movement is activated and reaches its highest level. Accordingly, it is considered an authoritarian institution that it has an impact on changing the ground of reality of any party.

Abstract:-
Islam, as a Devine Religion, does not need international or Western human rights, neither at the level of theory nor at the level of application…. Likewise , at the level of democracy, it does not need the West's erroneous and copied many-times prescription even if the wording has changed.
Imam Ali (peace be upon him) writes to Malik Al-Ashtar in his well-known book, " And feel in your heart compassion for the subjects and love for them and kind to them, and do not be a striker against them taking advantage of their food, for they are of two types: either your brother in religion, or your equal in creation.
As for those who claim to defend human rights, today, it is nothing but lie , slander, and hypocrisy. They do not respect human rights anywhere on earth, even in their own countries. Human rights, in the true sense, are those expressed by Islam and implemented in this manner, as, Islam stipulates rights even for criminals. No on has the right to insult the person who is wanted to be executed. The mentality of execution and insulting is something extra, and it is an injustice and a violation of his rights. It must be prevented.

Abstract:-
There are many explanations for a great book that reflects the greatness of humanity and the minutes of the Arabic arts. It is the book of Nalaj al-Balajah, which is not lyrical in eloquence. It is not uttered in eloquence. We stand dumb in front of the magnificence of the phrase and the depth of its meaning. , Which is a wonderful model, and a small picture of Imam Ali's general curriculum in religion, politics and public administration of the state, which he wanted to apply, came explanations for this book to show the treasures buried in it, especially the explanation of the mark Ibn al-Ataiqi jewelery.
This research seeks to monitor and explain the styles of the method of explaining the approach to Ibn al-Ataiqi through his wise explanation, which is possible in his four volumes. The research included his views as well as his fragrant biography.
The research reached to highlight the approach of Shaykh Ibn al-'Ataiki al-Hali, in which he took a different approach to most of the reformers, and he agreed in his explanation to Ibn Maitham, but took it from him and from Ibn Abi al-Hadid and Qutb al-Din Kaidari, as well as Judge Zayn al-Din 'Abd al-Jabbar.

Abstract:-
Working as an arbitrator entails rendering an arbitral ruling, but this ruling is useless until it is made. If the state judge in the nation where the arbitration ruling is being implemented grants it the executive form, it is null and void. The majority of these laws prohibit the enforcement of the arbitral award, whether domestic or international, without an implementation order issued by the state judiciary in the country of implementation of the arbitral award to give it an executive form, even though most legal systems acknowledge the judicial nature of the arbitration decision and explicitly state that the arbitral award has the force of a res judicata since its issuance.
The New York Convention, a global agreement, allows accession to all UN member states and countries controlling most international trade operations. Iraq's 1958 accession to the Convention, known as the 1958 New York Arbitration Convention, increased its importance. This agreement aims to unify procedures for recognizing foreign arbitration awards between countries. Iraq's accession to the Convention encourages foreign investors and companies to conclude commercial agreements with Iraqi institutions, fostering confidence and reassurance.

Abstract:-
This research examines the Foreign Policy of Russia during the region of Paul I (1796-1801), one of its prominent rulers who has experienced an important changes and events on the European continent level such as the appearance of Napoleon Bonaparte and his influential role in guiding those events. On the other hand, Russian Foreign policy represented by Paul I was part of the International system that stood against the revolution although Paul’s enmity against France did not take long as he became an alien with it against Britain, its most important adversary.
This research explores those events in three sections: the first of which represents an introduction to an important phase experienced by the Russian Foreign Ministry under Catherine II. The second concerns the explanation of Foreign Policy of Paul I (1796-1798), which included an overview of his access to power and the policy he adopted, with a clarification of his stance on French Revolution and the tension witnessed by Russian-French relationships. The last section tackles the Foreign Policy of Paul I (1799-1801), and shed the light on the growing of Russian-Ottoman relationships in light of French-European conflict, until the Russian Tasr passed away as a result of his volatile stances.
The researcher adopted various references, most important of which are two books authored by Dr. Hashim Salih Al-Tikriti, the first is “Russia, 1700-1914”, and the second is “The Eastern Matter”. He also used many English language references, most important of which is “Russia from the uaranglansto the Bocsheriks”. Furthermore, he quoted his information from Ahmed Natiqh Ibraheem Al Ubidi’s Master theses entitled “Bosphorus and Dardanelles straits, 1774-1815” which reveals the military actions of Russian Naval Fleet in Mediterranean.

Abstract:-
The topic at hand falls under the category of critical and rhetorical studies because it examines one of the rhetorical arts: the art of seduction in relation to virginal flirtation poetry. Seduction is a persuasive tool that is used in all rhetorical arts when persuasion is attained through deceit, kindness, and disguise, and virginal flirtation is a text full of investigations into this seduction. This study was an attempt to demonstrate the potency of this skill in a few chosen passages from the virgin cloth.

Abstract:-
The crime of murder is considered one of the most serious crimes in the history of humanity, as it violates the most important human right, which is the right to life. It involves a person taking the life of another person in order to end his life. For the crime of murder, three elements must be fulfilled, which is the physical element represented by the assault on human life. The specific intention of taking a human life and the character of the victim must fall on a living person, but there are paradoxes, points of similarity and difference in the provisions of this crime between both Islamic law and Iraqi law. This research came to clarify and explain them, concluding in conclusion that it is the responsibility of the Iraqi legislator to Working to benefit from the principles established by Islamic law in the field of classifying crimes and tightening custodial penalties for criminals who endanger people’s lives, according to their crime and the penalty schedules, with the aim of achieving deterrence and enhancing their respect for the lives of others and adherence to the laws.

Abstract:-
This study attempts to explain what is meant by the hadith that says: (The good deeds of the righteous are the bad deeds of the close ones) and the extent of its validity from the perspective of Islamic law, and how to apply it and its models, after defining the terms of the title such as the good and the bad, the righteous and the close ones, and explaining the importance of the topic, and in conclusion I mentioned the most important results with a list of sources and references.

Abstract:-
What social media plays and its role in future transformations, the impact of the great transformations brought about by the communications revolution at the social level in creating social groups with common orientations and visions, which proved that it has become a distinctive feature of the new social structure in the broad global community. Contrary to previous affiliations, which usually include people of the same geographical area, religious or sectarian direction, or tribal affiliation, social media has contributed to the formation of groups that include entities linked by the virtual world, because digital technology has been able to work on a global scale to achieve Some dreams of humanity, and laid the foundations of a global electronic culture that extended across time and space, and the link between information and communication technology was evident in the emergence of social media, which, over time, played a prominent role in shaping public opinion trends and building self-convictions, attitudes and opinions towards various issues and events in various fields.

Abstract:-
This research is generally based on highlighting the experience of the poet Behnam Atallah of an epic sense that is clearly manifested through the poetic artistic construction in some of his texts, as the poet wrote about epic poetry. But in his own way, which is somewhat different from the epics of other poets. This research is clear response to everyone who has doubts the disability of the emergence of the fashion (epic poetry) in modern poetry. This research aims to highlight the role of artistic construction in epic poetry and develop it. The most significant thing is using a modern style of epic poetry, which impact on poetry, both generally and particularly. The evidence of that is presenting the importance of his poetic experience in the epic aspect and expansion of the study of this experience, Furthermore, he introduced a new modification in the poetic style and its restructure. The nature of this research has led us to follow the descriptive and analytical approach to literary doctrines and to describe the artistic phenomena of construction in his poetry from an aesthetic point of view.

Abstract:-
Responsibility-free commitment includes one of the elements of commitment which is the element of debit without the element of responsibility, unlike a civil obligation, the debtor cannot be forced to implement it, but law has taken with it when the debtor implement it on his desire. However, the law has adopted it if the debtor voluntarily implements it even though he knows that he is not bound by it. So, what the debtor has paid, may not be recovered, because the debtor's liability was actually occupied by it, and that this obligation falls in a middle position between the moral rule and the civil obligation. It is of a lower rank than a civil obligation due to the absence of the liability element in it, and it is higher than the background obligation due to the presence of the indebtedness in it. The responsibility-free commitment is known as an incomplete obligation due to the absence of the element of the responsibility in it. Therefore, the debtor cannot be forced to fulfill his obligation and its elements include the material element, the moral element and the legality element. As for the most important effects resulting from it, are either voluntary fulfillment or a pledge to fulfill it.

Abstract:-
This study sheds light on the pronunciation of terms of diseases specific to humans in the Al-Ain dictionary, and it is divided into two sections between the study and the dictionary. The first section is specialized in studying some of these pronunciation terms mentioned in the dictionary, and the second section is collected the terms of diseases specific to humans from this dictionary. The study reached results, the most notable of which were: The most important of which is the richness of the Arabic language with vocabulary that eliminates the need for borrowing or replacing Arabic words with words from other languages.

Abstract:-
The topic of the isthmus is one of the Qur’anic topics that has been researched among scholars and thinkers. The most important thing that has been researched is the reality of the existence of torment and bliss in that world or their non-existence. Whoever says there is existence infers verses that indicate that and narrations, and whoever says in the negative also infers verses in this regard in addition to... Responding to the provers regarding explaining the meaning of the apparent verses by saying about torment, bliss, and narrations as well.

Abstract:-
This study rises to stand on the city in the poetry of the diaspora, as the theme of the city in the poems of the diaspora poets constituted a great presence, and a remarkable phenomenon that deserves study. It is one of the most important tributaries that nourish their poetry, and an important pillar on which the poem is based.
Based on the foregoing, this study seeks to monitor the impact of the country of emigration on the poems of the poets who took refuge in these countries for reasons including what is political, economic and religious. Poems bearing the connotations of alienation and others appeared in longing and nostalgia for the place, family, loved ones, and theaters of beautiful memories. In the alleys of the cities in which they grew up. The study came in two sections, the first of which is an objective study of the phenomena of alienation, longing and nostalgia, and the other is an artistic study of the poetry of alienation and nostalgia, in which words, meanings, and inner music were studied, through the phenomenon of repetition.

Abstract:-
This study aims to show one aspect of the international conflict existing between the new international powers represented by the United States of America, leader of the capitalist camp, and the Soviet Union, leader of the socialist camp, seeking to control areas of influence in various countries of the world, to replace the two former colonial powers: Britain and France. , which began to lose their empires to the major international power, through the establishment of small, administratively independent entities, drawing political borders between them, to be a source of permanent disagreement between those entities, and thus facilitating colonial control over them, and placing them in its sphere of influence. The study of the 1973 crisis between Iraq and Kuwait are an example of the role of colonialism in establishing borders between Arab countries, and the positions of the two major powers, and some of the Arab countries among them

Abstract:-
Social networks are a new media and social phenomenon that imposes itself on the reality of societies and peoples, as these networks have positive and negative effects that benefit and negative effects that harm the individual or society, which requires our awareness and culture in this new social media.
As the expansion of the use of social media in recent years, especially children’s use of it and their influence on its content, has raised the necessary requirements for the family and school to control the interactive process between children and social media, as they determine the behavior of children in societies, and are one of the sources of customs and traditions. , values, and behavioral rules, and there is also general morality, through which the child transforms from a biological being into a social being. Likewise, the family and schools cannot be separated from society, they are also two systems of social structure that interact with and influence children. It can only be studied in the context of developments taking place in modern societies.
The research aimed to reveal the negative and positive effects of social networking sites on children, shed light on the most important of these effects, reveal ways to address them, and know the effects on the individual, family, and society.
To achieve the research, the student identified in the first section the basic elements of the research, which are the research problem, its importance, its objectives, and defining its terminology. As for the second section, it dealt with the positive and negative effects of the social networking network for children, and the research concluded with a conclusion that included the results and recommendations of the research.

Abstract:-
This research examines the impact of artificial intelligence techniques on the production and distribution of journalistic content in news organizations. The research reviews the definitions of artificial intelligence and artificial intelligence journalism, and discusses the changes that these technologies have brought about in the process of gathering and writing news, verifying information, and improving the efficiency and speed of content production
The research also highlights the advantages of applying AI journalism, such as expanding media coverage and personalizing content for readers. It discusses the challenges to the application of these technologies, including high cost, cultural resistance and the need to develop new skills for journalists. The research concludes by identifying the skills needed for journalists to deal with artificial intelligence techniques, while emphasizing the importance of preserving human and ethical values in journalism in the era of digital transformation

Abstract:-
The relationship between climate characteristics and agriculture is very close. Because agricultural activities are affected by climate conditions, radiation , temperature, wind and rain do not only control the agricultural activity that is practiced, but rather they determine the type of crops that can be grown in special certain areas and no others. Each agricultural crop has suitable climatic requirements to plant , that must be available during the growing season and to achieve the goal of the research in order to know the extent of compatibility between the capabilities and the requirements necessary to plant. Compatibility leads to the encouragement and success of growing these field crops in the study area. Therefore, the studies of climate are important, as they help and contribute to know the factors that affect agriculture, that have negative affect on production. Finally, it is possible to adopt policies and plans to improve the agricultural sectors to achieve a complete agricultural product that serve the state's economy.

Abstract:-
The pure elite of the Prophet’s companions (may God’s prayers and peace be upon him and his family) played a major role in conveying the greatest heavenly message that changed the face of history, and thus they deserved to win in this world and the hereafter.
They loved God and His Messenger, and their love for the Messenger of God was so great and sincere that Abu Sufyan, the arch enemy of the Messenger of God and Islam, said: (I have never seen anyone love anyone as the companions of Muhammad love Muhammad) ().
Jaafar Ibn Abi Talib is one of this good, pure, and honest elite.
He was a companion known for his religion, loyalty, eloquence, clarification, morals, courage, and sacrifice, until he was a martyr, after his hands were cut off and after he was subjected to more than seventy spear stabs, sword strikes, and an arrow throw.

Abstract:-
Electronic archiving aims to ensure the preservation and availability of documents for as long as necessary in original, complete and usable formats as evidence. The management of documents and archives in the digital environment includes many operations of archiving and specific activities due to the short life of the technological generation of document creation. Therefore, electronic archiving requires a wide variety of skills and experiences. In addition to being familiar with all aspects of records management, it needs an in-depth knowledge of laws and legislation relating to the authenticity of electronic documents and various aspects of information technology such as encryption, electronic signature, digital seal, conversion, and content fixity. As a result, the study predicts that there will be a real opportunity for entrepreneurship in electronic archiving.
The study began by identifying the most important activities related to electronic archiving before publishing a questionnaire to identify the status of electronic documents in companies and their readiness for electronic archiving. Accordingly, the extent to which institutions require service companies to handle electronic archiving services has been extrapolated.
The data collected and the analysis of its results confirmed the hypothesis of the study that there is a need for companies specialized in the field of electronic archiving. It was also extrapolated the acceptance of institutions to entrust management of their electronic documents to an external institution which guarantees their preservation in accordance with international standards, national legislations, and ensures the availability of their documents throughout the periods of need and documents their activities and their achievements.