The islamic college university journal

Abstract:-
This research paper reminds those in charge of the affairs of the Arabic language, and those who teach it, of what Arabic has devolved into, as a hybrid language that dominated their tongues, being broken in their mouths, and its aesthetics was distorted. So this research paper looked into the eloquent expression that was among the first generation of grammarians such as Al-Khalil bin Ahmed, Sibaweih, Al-Akhfash Al-Awsat, Al-Farra’ and Al-Mubarrad, who had elevated Arabic to what has reached us from them. While it was damaged by others, whose expression had dried up and became devoid of eloquence, their speech was afflicted by aridity and logic, and there was no eloquent expression in it. Among these grammarians are: Tha'lab, Al-Zajjaj, Al-Serafi, Abu Ali Al-Farsi, and AlRrmmani. This research paper warned this generation, along with the efforts made among the dedicated people to Arabic in our modern era. The paper called for the preparation of the teacher of Arabic in a way commensurate with its characteristics and aesthetics, and for several parties to rise and unite for this great task and save this generation from the harm caused by all means of communication: visual, audio and written.

Abstract:-
The research aims to study, trace and extrapolate the nature of the Chilean-American relations and their development for the period (1818-1891), as these relations began in 1811, when the United States of America opened its first consulate in the Chilean capital, Santiago, and then the United States of America supported the national movements that were able to rid Chile of Spanish control until it gained its complete independence in 1823, after that the United States of America continued its political and military support for Chile, and these relations had not been It proceeded at the same pace, but it was improving when the Chilean government's policy was in line with the will of the United States of America and its prior orientations regarding its goals in Chile and its interests with it, and it deteriorated when the opposite happened, and the state of the relationship between tension and attraction continued until the end of the research, which is in 1891.

Abstract:-
There have been many theses and theories that have clarified the basis, argument, or criterion for considering the Al-Rijali statement, some of which make consideration a matter of testimony, the opinion of experts, unanimity and acceptance, or fatwa...etc.
Sheikh Haider Hubbalah has adopted a theory that seems new at the level of theoretical research, which is the theory of (knowledge and reassurance). The outcome of this theory is that Al-Rijali’s statement is only an argument and a legitimate one out of trust and confidence in the content of his statement. The Sheikh presented several inferences on the validity of this theor.

Abstract:-
The research represented a study of the phenomenon of urban growth of the population in the district of Kufa, as the population took recent periods of leaving work in rural areas and searching for job opportunities that would provide them with a level of living to what it is in rural areas, which resulted in a decrease in the cultivated areas and the encroachment of cities on those lands, as he noticed that The urban population is constantly increasing, as it reached (50815) according to the 1977 census, and they constituted 48% of the total population. It rose to (208,436) people, forming a percentage of (54%) of the district’s population, and there was a variation in the rates of population growth. The highest growth of the urban population (1977-198) reached (5.5%), while the lowest growth of the population was recorded during (1987-1997) it reached (2.6%). The district center of Kufa was classified and during the period (1977-2020) it was located within the group First, that is, it is from the areas with very high urbanization, in which the urbanization rate reaches (80% or more), while the Abbasid and Al-Hurriya districts were outside the division of groups, meaning that it included areas with very low urbanization, and the highest rate of the judiciary was recorded during 1987, which reached (103%), while The gender ratio was equal in 2020, when it reached (100%(.

Abstract:-
After the expansion of the use of advertisements in the streets, cities and outdoor places, and the public’s tendency to look at them has become almost inevitable, no one can avoid watching them, and their large and growing spread in modern cities has also turned them into an aesthetic and environmental issue that preoccupies those responsible for municipalities and the organization of cities, and this does not depend on advertisements Not only fixed drawings of walls and floors, but contemporary advertising technologies have made it possible to transform cars, trains, trucks, buses and planes into mobile billboards. Individuality drives some advertisers to commit a violation of placing their advertisements in some stores or places without permission from the competent authority to place such advertisements, and by various methods and means, which constitutes the crime of placing advertisements in places other than the authorized stores.

Abstract:-
The purpose of the research is to diagnose the reasons for the decline in the application of administrative decentralization in the research sample and to diagnose a problem and sample research in the application, which is a limited interest by the higher authorities. The importance of the research is through the cognitive importance and the extent of recovery of the application sample in the research, or the research aims to test and measure the signs of correlation and influence between the two variables of the research. And their number is (105), and the valid for statistical work is (97)
The researcher relied on the main study tool, which is a questionnaire consisting of three axes: the first axis is personal information and the second axis is the scale of human resources governance with its five dimensions (strategic orientation, accountability, transparency, efficiency and response) and the number of its (15 paragraphs)
The third axis is the measure of administrative decentralization with its three dimensions (transfer of powers, delegation of powers and organizational structure) and the number of its (15 paragraphs)
The researcher developed the two hypotheses of correlation and influence for the purpose of testing relationships through Pearson correlation and testing to measure the effect.
The researcher relied on statistical programs and methods, including (SPSS VAR 24), correlation coefficient, effect, arithmetic mean, and rounded ratios. The researcher reached a set of conclusions, namely that the governance of human resources and administrative decentralization is not applied in an appropriate manner, as well as that the strategic direction, accountability, transparency, efficiency and responsiveness have an impact on the application and strengthening of administrative decentralization.

Abstract:-
This paper aims at defining the style of interrogation in the grammatical and rhetorical lesson in order to discover the expressive traits of this style in the holy Qur'an. Some of the tools of interrogation are tackled in this study including al hamza, hal and min (from). The paper revolves around a pivotal question: how is negation achieved by affirmation through the style of interrogation? What are the linguistic reasons that made the speaker use this style and this way? It also aims at knowing the expressive difference that is apparent in the Qur'nic use of this style.

Abstract:-
The penalties that are imposed in administrative contracts are among the penalties facing the contracting parties in administrative contracts. The privilege in contracts is on the part of the administration that has the right to impose penalties. Rather, it was approved by the teachings of Islamic law with regard to contracting in contracts between individuals, that the law generally regulates behavior and deters those who violate the legal texts, and therefore the penalties that are imposed on contractors, and what is meant here are administrative contracts. In contracting and amending administrative contracts, we relied in this research on the descriptive analytical approach.

Abstract:-
This research represents a distinct and important case in the academic scientific arena, as it sheds light on an important topic, namely, a statement of the nature of the modern and contemporary understanding of the Holy Qur’an, including the historical rationality approach, and an explanation of the mechanisms and premises of this dangerous approach, as well as a statement of its most important pioneers and theorists, and then responding to them and their failure.

Abstract:-
This research aims to identify the extent to which multiple intelligences are included in the content of the social book for the fourth grade of primary school(387), and to know the frequencies of each intelligence and percentages, according to the standard that was determined by the researcher. The visual-spatial intelligence ranked first with (106) recurrences and with a percentage of (27,390), followed by linguistic (verbal) intelligence in the second place with (91) recurrences and with a percentage (23,514), followed by logical intelligence (Athletic) ranked third with (6) recurrences and a percentage of (1,550), followed by physical-kinesthetic intelligence in fourth place with (104) repetitions and a percentage (26,873), and then natural intelligence ranked fifth with (32) Frequently and with a percentage of (8,268), followed by social intelligence in sixth place with (46) recurrences and with a percentage of (11,886), followed by self-intelligence in seventh place with (1) recurrences and with a percentage of (0,258), It is followed by the presence intelligence in the eighth place with a rate of (1) recurrences and a percentage of (0,258), and it is followed by intelligence The musician ranked ninth with a rate of (0) recurrences and a percentage of (0).

Abstract:-
The principles called for by the Holy Qur’an are the principles of learning. Some of them are psychological and others are educational. The psychological represents psychological energy and its capabilities, as it constitutes an incentive for learning. It also calls for attention to his mental potential by asking him to meditate, contemplate, and look at the verses of the Holy Qur’an. This is why the nation in general and society today in particular need Islamic education take A new generation that keeps pace with the times with all the developments that occur in it; His outlook on what is coming will be positive and active, away from everything that leads to negativity and a feeling of emptiness, disappointment, and that he is nothing or worthless. There is no doubt that Islamic education must be built according to an integrated system. This is found in the Holy Qur’an because it constitutes the divine law that must be followed according to what it says.

Abstract:-
Judicial rulings are nothing but the product of the judge’s thought, and it is natural for some of them to be tainted by error, whether in the interpretation, application or assessment of the law. Therefore, the legislator gave the losing party in the case the right to use the methods of appealing the rulings if he felt that the decision was unfair to him for the purpose of placing the ruling under scrutiny by the court itself. issued by a higher court. However, in many cases, the opponent resorts to appealing judicial decisions and decisions, not because he believes that the ruling was unfair to him, but rather for an illegal purpose such as prolonging the conflict, exhausting his opponent and incurring additional expenses with the intention of harming him. And the opponent often strives to win the case, intending to harm his opponent without having a legal interest. In this way, several manifestations and methods are taken. In this study, we will try to explain malicious appeals and shed light on the manifestations of their realization.

Abstract:-
Meaning, which is a branch of linguistics, is considered the cornerstone in the thinking of the lexicon in his dictionary to reveal the meanings of words and words. The ultimate goal and ultimate goal of the words are the meanings, because of which the statement of the speaker’s intentions to the listener or addressee stops.
There are several different types of meaning that the scholars have mentioned in their books - the hadith scholars among them - and their interest in it. This research came to mention the types of meaning according to two great scholars of linguists and ancient interpretation, where the two books (The Vocabulary of the Words of the Qur’an by Raghib Al-Isfahani) and (Umdat Al-Hafiz fe Tafsir Al-Ashraf Al-Falah by Samin Al-Halabi) are distinguished by the wide variety of meanings in them; Accordingly, the concept of each of these types has been clarified, with examples extracted from their dictionaries and a balance between them.

Abstract:-
There are many images of affiliations in the Holy Qur’an, but some have positive and negative effects. This research came to present professionalism and its relationship with class affiliation, because some class affiliations have a positive effect, and some have a negative effect, due to the difference in the type and nature of the relationship, as it constitutes an economic aspect. Culturally and scientifically, it is important in human life, and it differs from one profession to another, and society cannot do without it with other alternatives, because it represents one of its necessities, but it is possible for a person to make it a factor in building, progressing, and increasing it. That is why we tried, by researching it from a Qur’anic perspective, to find out... The reality of what is related to it and determining the type of its relationship to what leads to renaissance and sustainable human development in society, Relying on the inductive, analytical approach at times and the descriptive approach at other times, based on what was mentioned about it in the Holy Qur’an and its relationship to the applied affiliations that he spoke about in many of his holy texts. This is after defining it, explaining its foundations, and its effects on life, and then explaining its relationship to the components of class and its foundations in society.

Abstract:-
The thesis paper (public encroachments on public and private properties in Iraq (247-447 AH) and the official and societal position on them) aims to shed light on the public class through a presentation that includes the reasons for calling them by this name, the categories included in this class, the epithets they called, and the view of the special class of them, and what was mentioned in some hadiths of the Prophet (PBUH) and Imam Ali (peace be upon him) regarding them, as well as identifying the reasons that prompted them to trespass on public and private properties.
But what is important in the research and its main focus is the encroachments carried out by the public class, especially the mobs, on public and private properties, which have had negative impacts on various security, political, economic and social levels, and to show the official and societal reactions to those encroachments, where the official positions were to adopt the path of force for the most part, while the authorities relied on peaceful methods and means within narrow limits, whereby the society's position was represented by the treatments undertaken by the noble’s chiefs to put an end to the encroachments caused by the public class.

Abstract:-
Infallibility for Muslims means security and special protection, and it is the infallibility of the prophets and imams (peace be upon them) from falling into guilt and error, and this position is one of the most important conditions of prophecy and imams.
The importance of this research comes from the close and deep connection between prophecy and the Imamate; Because the imamate is the extension of the prophethood and the complement to the message, and infallibility is one of the conditions of the imam, and to prove it is to prove and clarify who the imam is after the Messenger of God (may God bless him and his family).
The problem of the research lies in explaining the ability of Allama al-Hilli, may God be pleased with him, in employing the Qur’anic witness to prove the infallibility of Imam Ali (peace be upon him).
Among the most important results of the research that have been reached in revealing certainty:
1. Infallibility is a basic condition for the Imam and the Caliph, and no one is valid before him without him.
2. Proving the infallibility of Imam Ali (peace be upon him) through the Quranic verses.
3. Illegality of anyone who claimed or held the position of caliphate; to lose the infallibility condition.
4. Infallibility is only for the Prophet (may God bless him and his family) and Ahl al-Bayt (peace be upon them).
5. Infallibility and Imamate are among the matters that are appointed by God Almighty only.

Abstract:-
One of the most important elements of the universe is man and his place in the world of creation. This is where theological schools are confronted with human schools and huge challenges are formed, as a result of which sometimes it leads to physical clashes, war and bloodshed. They take the book, the tradition, reason, mysticism, and the creative creation of mankind, which is headed by God, and place its guidance on the prophets and saints of God to plant ideal and divine motivations for humanity instead of humans, and plant the tree of happiness in life. Plant people. The results of the article show that Aquinas uses the fundamentals of Christianity, such as the Trinity, the crucifixion, and the mediation of Christ to reach happiness and the doctrine of salvation, but in the epistemological field of Mulla Sadra, he walks through the Arbaah pilgrimages, using the Quranic admonitions and the Prophetic tradition. Faith and righteous deeds, self-effort and self-cultivation become possible from vices.

Abstract:-
Emile Durkheim introduced the concept of anemia in his book "Suicide" in 1897, and quoted it from the philosopher Guyot. Anemia means the disintegration of social institutions, and the collapse of norms and values.
This leads to a contradiction between official ideologies and reality, and individuals feel alienated and lost morals.
Anomia is linked to Durkheim's concept of the collective conscience. When the collective conscience is weak, a state of non-normality arises, and the loss of moral standards that guide behavior.
Durkheim classifies social phenomena as healthy or pathological based on the extent to which the social system is organized.
Anemia means disorder and imbalance in the social system, which leads to chaos and non-compliance with laws and rules.
Anemia is linked to the prevalence of crimes of physical assault, as factors such as unemployment, poor social ties and a culture of violence lead to an increase in the rate of these crimes.
Within this research, we will adopt the descriptive analytical approach to understand and explain the crimes of physical assault. This requires clarifying the concepts associated with this study and understanding the social phenomena related to physical assault crimes.
Upon completion, a number of results were reached, as well as recommendations and proposals, which would contribute to clarifying the crimes of physical assaults from the perspective of Durkheim's anomie theory.

Abstract:-
The research included seven university theses that were issued by Iraqi universities، which are as follows:
• (The reasons for the Quranic expression of Al-Samin Al-Halabi (d. 756 AH) in his book Al-Dur Al-Masoon)، which was issued by the Islamic University / College of Arts in 2007.
• (The reasons for the Qur’anic expression in the interpretation of Abi Al-Saud (d. 982 AH))، which was issued by the Islamic University / College of Arts in 2009.
• (The Illness of Qur’anic Expression in Surahs (Poets - An-Naml - Stories)) which was issued by the Iraqi University - Baghdad / College of Arts in 2015.
• (The reasons for the Quranic expression in Surat Al-Tawbah، a semantic study)، which was issued by the University of Dhi Qar / College of Education for Human Sciences in 2017.
• (The Reasons for the Qur’anic Expression in the Book of Zubtat al-Tafsir by Fathallah al-Kashani)، which was issued by the University of Karbala / College of Education for Human Sciences in 2018.
• (The Reasons for the Qur’anic Expression in the Legacy of Al-Sharif Al-Murtada (d. 436 AH) (a semantic linguistic study)) which was issued by the University of Kufa / College of Basic Education in 2018.
• (The reasons for the Qur’anic expression in Surat Al-An’am)، which was issued by the University of Dhi Qar / College of Education for Human Sciences in 2019.
They were arranged according to chronological order، as the research mentioned what I think of the flaws in these messages، and it is possible that there is a percentage of similarity in their topics، that they are not all without points of weakness in which the researcher falls، whether in these messages or any other message، or they were called by turns that he did not notice. The researcher، and falls into it because of the hard work through his preoccupation with collecting the material، dividing it، and clarifying it، the researcher may neglect some things that if he focused on them، he would find them from the intuitions such as making the interview between the public and the private، and to clarify this citizen I followed two directions:
The first trend is the researcher's division of the methodology، and the second trend is the relationship of these topics to the title.

Abstract:-
Islamic holy cities has aprivet urban elements, characterized by the rest of the cities in the Muslim world, by the nature of the composition of the material and moral characteristics,in the the architectural and urban levels, and we address the reasons for the emergence of some cities and privacy, prestige and the nature of its composition have been exposed to change and develop over time to conform with the requirements of era.
And it can be classified the selected cities in the research by its place Muslims and the nature of sanctity into three main types: the first: with the sacred character of the cities by Islam and that was the holy sites as a result of religions celestial precedent (the Jewish religion, and Christian) or religious reasons, as in Mecca and Jerusalem. The second: the cities that gained its sanctity as a result of important events in which, as in the city of Medina and Kufa and taken from events associated with the biography of the Prophet cleared of purity and sanctity of the Holy Prophet, peace be upon him, or the infallible Imams.
And third: the cities that gained the nature of the sanctification of spatial Privacy associated with people as good in the city of Najaf, which acquired the sanctity of the shrine of Imam Ali, peace be upon him.

Abstract:-
Social values in general, and Islamic values in particular, are considered a fundamental pillar of Iraqi society. These values have contributed to preserving the balance of society, preserving its unity, its Iraqi Islamic feature, and the distinctive identity of its people among the peoples of the region. Therefore, it was one of the obstacles that faced the incorrect change processes that were wanted for the Iraqi state, although the manifestations of Islamic values and their influence differ from one geographical location to another in Iraq, but the prominent character It is that Iraq possesses a lot of Islamic values. We noticed when the Iraqi state collapsed after the fall of the regime in 2003 AD and the absence of law and authority, but among the elements that preserved Stability, tranquility, and the preservation of human dignity, despite what I want to spread chaos, plunder public money, and destroy the institutions of the Iraqi state. We do not embrace a role for values and the extent of the people’s respect for these determinants that contributed to building the modern state. The modern Iraqi constitution came to take into account the totality of Islamic values, and most laws are derived from the spirit of those values. The sacred legitimacy taken from the original Islamic faith, and contributes to ensuring its continuity and survival.

Abstract:-
The concept of dystopia or the desolation of the city is ingrained in Arab literature as a result of the desolation that emerged after the First World War and the dominance of the literary circle. It depicts the widespread misfortune of cities and their residents. It reflects the decline and ruin of the political, economic, social, and even intellectual aspects, but in a literary manner, recipients are marketed in different ways and methods relating to the culture and consciousness of the discipline, as well as the fact that the dystopia appeared in the narrative more obviously than its appearance in poetry, but it infiltrated modern poetry via the astute poets who are aware of what this term means, including our poetry in question. When societies are subjected to injustice and persecution, dystopia is a poetic phenomenon that accompanies their crises. This is the pessimistic perspective through which destructive and charred cities are perceived, and I cannot fail to mention that the term has only recently emerged, as will be illustrated in the following section. This mini-research has revealed the poet's awareness of the ravages of the occupation and his attempt to take national identity by means of physical and moral devastation

Abstract:-
Refernce is one of the most important tools of text format, and it is intended to have linguistic elements that are not satisfied with themselves in terms of interpretation, but rather refer to another element, so they are called upscale elements such as pronouns, sign names and connected names. It can be said that referral is a relationship between a linguistic element and another linguistic or external so that the first interpretation of the second depends on; Therefore, understanding the current elements included in the text of what requires the addressee to search elsewhere inside or outside the text. The referral in Arabic is achieved with pronouns of all kinds, and the names of reference, comparison and connections. So, we are aware of the patterns of textual referrals in two sermons. Among the most important results of the research: The presence of the absent consciences of the absent consciences is more tense than the pronouns of the addressee at the sermons of Imam al -Baqir (peace be upon him), we rarely see the signal pronouns and refer them with the contents that refer to the previous, and the referral of the private connector who is attributed and related to the previous topic. We adopt in this message the approach of the analytical descriptive, and for this we present the sermons of Imam al -Baqir, peace be upon him, and extract the prose evidence towards the pronouns, the names of the reference and the connected according to the referrals that are attended by their speeches.

Abstract:-
This research aims to study the statistical stylistic concept in Kamal Sabti approach, the research consists the relation ship between the quatitve measurments and the statistical stylistic. The study is mainly based on three questions:
1. What do we count?
2. How do we make statistics?
3. Why do we make statistics?
The poet Kamal Sabti is considersd as a mirror that reflects the contents of the poetic text of the poet. As it represents to us his feelings that affect the poet’s self as a result of what he encounters in his life, especially if he is away from his homeland, his family and his friends, through a group of words and indications that show that witch constitutes the content of the poetic text.
Accordingly, this research aims to answer the following problems: What are the most important verbs and Adjectives for the poet Kamal Sabti? And how did the poet’s self-manifest. Accordingly? What are the most important words that indicate that?

Abstract:-
Imami scholars were divided into two sects in verifying the proof or denial of attributing the hadith to its speaker. At a time when a group of them chose the Sindhi approach, they made the method the only criterion in proving or nullifying the attribution of the hadith. Another group went to rely on the text, so the wording of the hadith became the criterion, and their eyes were directed to the narrator, not the narrator, and they set many rules to prove or deny the issuance of the hadith through the trial of the text. It is sufficient to analyze the text only to prove or deny the issuance of the hadith.

Abstract:-
It was not new for Iraq to adopt a federal system in its contemporary history. Rather, it witnessed those systems centuries ago, and today Iraq is repeating its cultural history by embodying the federal system with the 2005 Constitution, which is considered an application of the contemporary parliamentary federal system, despite the haste in writing the constitution, the pressures on its preparation committee, and the circumstances in which it was written under the burden of The American occupation, but it undoubtedly represents a turn in the right direction towards the federal system, but this turn in this direction must not be a reason for the division of Iraq. The purpose of our study is to clarify the foundations of decentralization in terms of concepts and elements, and then we will continue to study decentralization, through which we know what types it are. The countries that exist, some are simple and some are complex. First: unifying political authority and adopting administrative centralization or administrative decentralization. There are many forms of composite states, including personal unions, independent unions, substantive unions, de facto unions, and so on. The study also recommended that the vast majority approve the nomination of three people for senior positions in the governorate as a number of council members, and based on a proposal from the governor, no less than five, and the competent minister must appoint one of them.

Abstract:-
The author's financial rights are intended to grant the owner of the intellectual creativity of the work the right to exploit his work in a way that brings him financial profit, through a specific period of time, at which this right expires. The grouping of participants in the collective work is different from that which appears in the joint works, where the financial right in the collective work is for the person who is the director - the initiator - in return for giving him a wage to the actual authors, while the financial right in the joint work is the right of all the contributors to the authorship, which results from that The different methods of exploiting the financial rights in both works, as well as their difference in the method of calculating their protection period as well as in the distribution of their financial returns, which prompted us to delve deeper into that relationship through two sections, the first of which we hold to the concept of financial rights, and we devote the second to the comparison of the exploitation of the financial rights of the collective work with the joint work.

Abstract:-
Studying syntax and parsing shows that there is a big relationship between syntax, parsing and interpretation. This connection is a result of the connection of the Holy Quran, Parsing and syntax. So the person who interprets Quran should be grammarian .Therefore, EbiHayan`s interpretation has great connection in this aspect. His style in dealing with Quran agrees with rules of syntax as well as the component of words in order to reach to a perfect parsing. In his writing, he showed his capacity to clarify the rules of grammar and design his grammar to reach to his goals. He adapts the Quran all readings normal and abnormal and he comes back to all grammatical views to reach the proper interpretation.

Abstract:-
The city of Al-Najaf Al-Ashraf is a school that combined thought, literature and poetry, and the poets of Najaf used to meet in popular associations and cafes for discussion and debate, and many writers and poets from Iraqi, Arab and Islamic cities went to cultural institutions in Najaf.
I studied this topic in terms of general concepts, the concept of balance, the reasons for the emergence of the popular dialect and its completion in Najaf, the Najaf Al-Ashraf School and its branches, and the biographies of a group of classical and popular poets. Al-Najafi did not reject the eloquent, nor was he opposed to it, but rather an extension of it in all areas of feelings and sensations that pulsate the common people and see it entering their hearts directly without any complications. Finally, it balanced between the poems of classical poets and popular poets, and finally the importance of the study was clarified from the results; Because it is linked to the budget in terms of national poems.

Abstract:-
The dissolution of the joint life between the spouses and the impossibility of continuity of life between them, or due to the death of one of the spouses, has personal and financial effects, and then the marital relationship was dissolved and existed between two parties of different nationalities, and because each party to the marital relationship has its own national law, which is committed to applying its rules to its various actions This conflict raises a conflict of laws to resolve the dispute over the effects of the dissolution of the marriage contract, whether it is personal or financial effects. Therefore, the search for the law concerned with each of the personal effects and the rules of conflict that govern them, and the search for the law that specializes in resolving the dispute over the financial effects by defining the content of the financial implications. On the dissolution of the marriage contract and the statement of the rules of conflict that govern these financial Divorce between husband and wife who are citizens of the same country, as mentioned in the case of marriage, in the event of divorce, the private international law of Iran declares the jurisdiction of the law of the respective country to each person and according to Articles 6 and 17 of the Civil Code of Iranians living abroad divorce is subject to the laws of Iran and is subject to Foreigners living in Iran to the laws of their governments. Therefore, for a foreigner to divorce his wife in Iran, the law of the relevant government must provide for the right to divorce, otherwise his request for divorce will have no legal effect The point to keep in mind here is that the laws of the government of spouses apply only in the part relating to the nature of the divorce and not in the part that is not related to the substantive issues of divorce, such as the procedure to be followed to obtain a divorce. So when a foreign woman files a divorce case against her husband, who is also a citizen of the same foreign country, in an Iran court, the court has to consider the civil law provisions Iran procedures and issue a judgment, although foreign government procedures have special procedures regarding processing the application.

Abstract:-
The close examination of the relationship between keywords in literary texts and their chosen titles has gradually led to an independent field of study called title studies.
The selection of a title, especially in narrative texts, plays a significant role in influencing readers. therefore, it is studied at various levels of semiotics, such as examining the selection of words and combinations of words, as well as from a semantic perspective, and, in this way, a literary text is valued.
In many cases, the words used in the title of a literary text are the keys to entering the depth of that literary text, and for this reason, the title is the most important part of a text that identifies its identity and attracts the reader.
This study analyzes the collection of short stories "Shabāb wa Ghāniyāt" by Mahmoud Timur using a descriptive-analytical method and theories of semiotics. It aims to uncover the hidden meanings within the selected titles and determine the extent of their relevance to the texts of the stories.
The results indicate that the titles of the short story collection have roots in the urabn and rural culture of Egypt, and they reflect the social and religious culture of the Egyptian people during the time of the author.