The islamic college university journal

Abstract:-
Environmental values in the light of the verses is the title of the research, as it includes the values spoken by the Holy Qur’an and the verses in it that dealt with the issue of caring for water, which is the lifeblood and its basis, because it is the first source of creation, as in the Almighty’s saying: ((And We made from water everything Hayy)) The Prophets: 30, given the importance of water spoken by the Holy Qur’an, and water was the main source in this research, so it included four demands, the first was a statement of the vocabulary of values and the environment in language and terminology, and the second requirement was the importance of water in the Holy Qur’an, and the third dealt with the importance of Purity in the Holy Qur’an and its relationship to water, and the fourth was about nature in the Qur’an and the different colors in it and the consistency of character, then the conclusion and the most important findings of the research.

Abstract:-
One of the important and fundamental issues in philosophy: The issue of the prime matter (hyle), so that many other issues are related to it and built on it. Aristotle was the first to raise it, and his motive behind proving the existence of the prime matter was to provide a rational explanation for the changes in the world of matter. After him, Ibn Sina addressed this issue with research and scrutiny in Peripatetic philosophy. In turn, Mulla Sadra, in his transcendent wisdom, presented a distinct statement of this subject, in accordance with his principles, but in the end he proved the existence of the prime matter(hyle). The important matter, which has been a subject of controversy as we are discussing it, is the external proof of the existence of the hyle, and one of the most important proofs presented in this issue is the proof of power and action, which we will present in this study. There are a number of philosophers who denied the existence of the prime matter(hyle), and our study included a presentation of their evidence and a criticism of them, and in the end we proved the existence of this prime matter.

Abstract:-
This study reviews the opinions and viewpoints of the schools of thought about the concept of national security in the political arena, as the concept of national security has appeared historically as a result of the emergence of the nation-state in the sixteenth century AD, that is, after the Treaty of (Westphalia) in the year 1648 AD, as it came after that Other terms such as state sovereignty, national will, and national interest, and that the first definition of national security is based on the state's ability to protect its territory and its core and basic values against any external threats, especially military threats, as securing the state from external threats or foreign aggression and protecting its citizens against everything that happens Damage to them and to public property, beliefs and values falls under the concept of security. Schools of thought have been concerned with addressing this issue and defining the concept of national security according to the school's vision and its political and intellectual orientations.

Abstract:-
The places of Allah worshiping, Allah(God) chose for his worshippers, and made it the most sacred and respectful, they are only in this spot of the earth, or as it is expressed in modern history “the Middle East”.The two destinations (Qibla)for worshippers and the places to where people travel for pilgrimage and whose rituals included i.e. (Safa, Marwa, and Arafa)*.Some Qur'anic verses referred that Allah had talked to some of his apostles and messengers in these places and other places which revealed through this research: like prophets, disciples and righteous people graves. Here, the Qur'anic verses will be mentioned which show how these whereabouts are holy and have special importance.And what we aim here is to explain the special treatment (looking)with some places in the Middle East. The treatment includes the choice of Allah of these spots and how he made them distinguished, purified and holy. And why Allah gave these places that kind of importance.Because of this importance, people have to treat them according to the rules and instructions by Divine laws(sharia).The laws(sharia)had not meant to be just Islamic laws but all the laws emerged from the religions called for Allah unification.For example, to enter these places one must be purified or with ehram (special clothes for pilgrimage)and how it is not allowed to commit any hostile actions against people enter these places.Or as Jews treat with the wall temple (Al-Buraq wall)or the special respect Christians pay to the cradle church.
Since the subject of this research (study)is the Qur'anic text, it stresses the unique respect imposed on people to treat with these holy places in response to Qur'anic text.

Abstract:-
Translation is one of the most important human cultural activities from ancient times, throughout human civilization as well as translation criticism. Its history dates back to ancient times, and the two fields developed together. However, the scientific criticism of translation did not develop or expand except in the modern era after the abundance of theories and great achievements in the field of theory and criticism in general in comparative literature and translation in particular. The translation of the Qur’an is a very sensitive matter in relation to the translation of other non-religious texts due to its sanctity, the importance of its meanings, and the importance of translating its correct content into the required language. One of the most important rules in translating the Qur’an into other languages, especially the Persian language, is observing the validity of translating the verb more on the basis of the changes that occur in the Persian language due to its roots different from Arabic. This act is acceptable and honest, taking into account the significance of the verbs in the transmission. So this study chose the translation of Khorramshahi (the last two parts only) from the Persian translations of the Holy Qur’an to study the transformations that were presented to the verb more and how to convey the connotations in the Persian translation. The results showed that the translator appeared in translating the verbs in an artistic and literary manner, interested in conveying the connotations present in them, but his literary and flexible style motivated him to take some expansions and abbreviations that end up reducing the meaning or not conveying the theme and tone found in the principle text. It should be noted that the method used in this study is descriptive-analytical.

Abstract:-
The principle of respecting people's property, ownership and status in the daily life of a person and in the view of the Islamic system of rights is an important and fundamental principle in economic and social relations. This level of importance is as much as the Prophet (PBUH) said about it: “The sanctity of a Muslim’s money is like the sanctity of his blood.” The value and credibility of people's ownership of property and its role in creating social and economic order and security are very important. In this way, the legislator used the Islamic legal system with regard to disposal claims with the aim of ensuring ownership and disposal and obliging individuals to respect the privacy of this institution and ensuring the general order of the Islamic rights system, given that the claims of disposal of Iranian rights have a civil aspect in nature and are considered among the lawsuits, and the main purpose One of these lawsuits is the assertion of personal rights and the protection of its owner; Therefore, this research is descriptive in terms of theoretical purpose and qualitative nature, and in terms of data collection, the results of the research indicate that in order to achieve the crime of aggressive behavior, there are conditions that must be proven.

Abstract:-
One of the merits and commendable features of some contemporary interpretations is the use of ijtihad style and method, and one of the prominent characteristics of ijtihad interpretations is the use of the rule of context. Context in the term is a general structure that casts a shadow on a set of words, sentences, or verses and affects their meaning. Of course, sometimes the words and sentences that are interpreted around words or phrases, in the sense that they create the mentioned characteristic, are called context, in this case, the context will be the meaning of verbal clues connected to the word. Tafsir al-Manar is one of dozens of contemporary ijtihadi commentaries that has made many uses of the rule of context in understanding and interpreting the Qur'an. Acknowledging the organized system and harmony between the verses of the Qur'an, the authors of al-Manar have tended to the theory that the Qur'an is reclusive and have inferred and understood some of the verses based on the context. The main question of this research is focused on the position of context in Tafsir al-Manar and tries to point out the employment and use of cases of this rule in understanding the revelatory intentions of the Holy Quran in Tafsir al-Manar. This research is organized by descriptive, analytical method and with library data to collect information and process them.

Abstract:-
The field of understanding Hadith is significant because all the other areas of studying Hadiths such as interpreting Hadith, analyzing Hadiths, among others, are functional when they are used for the understanding Hadiths. Imams and Muslim thinkers have all emphasized on understanding Hadiths. Moreover, different readings play a significant role in the field of studying Hadiths, since it is actually the reading that brings along a particular conclusion. As there are many different readings, one cannot come to a valid conclusion, thus, one needs to analyze those readings which have the most impact on understanding the Hadith. It seems that besides the revelation of Hadith, linguistic perspectives, the speaker and the addressee, and the time and location of the Hadith, it is the symmetry of context which plays a significant role in decoding the speaker's aim. This is because all the texts come with a particular context; however, there seems to be serious problems with its symmetry. Therefore, one needs to provide an acceptable definition of context, so that the symmetry of context could be appropriately used for any specific aim. This study actually identifies 14 problems.

Abstract:-
The personality is considered one of the basic elements in the fictional work, if no literary work can be carried out without it, as it is the backbone of the narrative work. The semiotic approach through studying the characters of the novel semiotically.

Abstract:-
The aim of this article is to shed light on the phenomenon of e-commerce, its importance and its effects on aspects of contemporary life, especially The economic aspects of them, as well as discussing the most prominent features that distinguish electronic commerce And a review of the most important different patterns of electronic commerce and the obstacles that stand in the face of this type of commerce And the definition of what is an electronic contract and its parties and the most important types.
The results of the study showed the critical importance of this information revolution and its rapid development, and its possible future effects

Abstract:-
Below we will focus on one aspect of his work. Let's look at other aspects of his work. It can provide the ability to control the ability of the human individual, and can provide this identification, learn general information about the dissemination of free education, elections and elections, elections, elections, victory, victory, victory. Do not use the term secularism and liberalism: the former for its connection to the separation of religion from different nations, is not identical with the Enlightenment; The second one is related to an economic doctrine, which is not dusty or coherent.

Abstract:-
The science of men has passed through its crystal, its development and its codification in many stages, the beginning of the stage of origin and blogging until the middle of the second century, and it was not highlighted in a way that is rewarded and sufficient. There is no need to research it. Indeed, this opened the door to many suspicions and problems, which were directed to the narrative heritage sometimes, and to the perception of the Hajj of the men of the men at other times.
This requires closing the door to these questions, problems and suspicions, and removing dust from this gray period in the history of men\'s science, by proving the existence of origins, roots and indicators of this science in our school, from the time of the Qur’anic text and the era of the Prophet (may God bless him and his family and peace) and the imams (peace be upon them) And their companions (may God be pleased with them) punish him, Kabir from Kaber, through criticism of the carriers, follow their conditions, and determine their attributes, and what relates to their wound or amendment, directly, through extrapolation and analysis of evidence and evidence that confirms the existence of men parallel to the era of the blessed text, And the greatest Prophet and the imams, peace be upon him.

Abstract:-
Punishment is one of the accepted punishments among Islamic religions, which has always affected human social life.This type of punishment, due to not being determined by the Shari'ah, has created differences of opinion among religions in terms of the implementation of Ta'zir, the type of crime, the type and amount of punishment. Recognizing this difference and sharing opinions among religions will create unity and solidarity among the Muslims of the world. Shia jurists referred to the rule of Ta'azir dun al-hadd to determine the type of punishment in Ta'ziri crimes. Are This rule is one of the most famous jurisprudential rules, which is widely used in criminal jurisprudence. According to its contents, it is easy to determine the quality and quantity of punishments in the discussion of punishments, but the different understanding of jurists on this rule has caused a difference of opinion among them. As it was stated, the rule of tazeer without limitation is one of the most important rules of the chapter of tazeerat, in addition to this rule, the problem of determining the type of tazeer punishments has been addressed. Now the question is whether Ta'ziri punishments are limited only to beating and physical abuse or other punishments can be implemented: Shia jurists have referred to the rule of Ta'ziri don't limit to determine the type of Ta'ziri punishments. Although there is a difference of opinion between them and the main reason for the difference is their interpretation of the word "don" in this rule. The jurists have considered three meanings for the word "don", some have used the word "don" to mean nearness, others have taken it to mean "less" and others have taken it to mean "other". has been

Abstract:-
This research examines the phenomenon of intertext in the poetry of Emirati poetry, Huda Mohammad al-Saadi, and has been trying to detect the themes and artistic characteristics, implications and poetry creativity and emotional states of the poet who with insight and literary positions In line with highlighting the concepts of Arab-Islamic resistance to the occupation of the West, it is discussed and controversial. The importance of this research is due to the artistic phenomenon in Huda al-Saadi poetry, which has not been analyzed in an independent research. The purpose of this research is to investigate the intertextualization in his poetry and reveal the formatations of calling texts, detecting content and technical characteristics that characterize the interplay of this inhabitant, and also discovered the overlap of the texts and their absorption rate by the poet of the lyrics of the predecessors Through systematic reviews in a variety of interconnection and discovering its triple levels, which include social, dignity and delivery. The researcher relies on its descriptive-analytic approach that pays in four seasons: In the first chapter that is divided into two parts, the general discussion of life and literature of the poet. In the second chapter; To the concepts of intertext and its surfaces and the views of senior theorists about it and in the third chapter to the application of intertext in poetry and in four sections: religious, literary, historical, and public, and in the fourth chapter to call the characters such as literary, religious, historical and pays myth. What we have reached in this research is that the poet has used many effects of intertext, especially religious dialectics in poetry. And the intertext is in most of its poems of the type of conversation and absorption. Al-Saadi has succeeded in applying the legacy with both its types, intertextualism and personality to highlight their poetry concepts, and express their new experiences with reference to absent text.

Abstract:-
Al-Muqtabus magazine was concerned with biography and translations and gave this topic a special attention by publishing biographies and translations of a series of prominent scholars, media, thinkers, writers and politicians, even it didn't issue any volume of its nine volumes except that it included a translation of some characters.

Abstract:-
Since the establishment of contracts in general and commercial contracts in particular is consensual and agreement, the legal definition of the contract is not devoid of reference to the compatibility between its two parties, so the loss of this element makes the contract incomplete and may even invalidate it in some cases. And compatibility includes the majority of contract issues, if not all of them, and due to the difficulty of taking note of the conditions and practices of each trade, since every trade is governed by customs and practices of its own, which are imposed on its practitioners to borrow them in their contract because they have proven successful by virtue of such relationships, on the one hand and on the other hand, due to the difficulty of formulating those conditions including The contractor is guaranteed to reach his goal of the contract with the least effort, time and cost because this type of contracts deals with foreign elements, which increases the difficulty of agreement between them. For this reason, international commercial institutions, governmental and non-governmental, have sought to unify and consolidate the substantive provisions of this field by writing them on the The form of assignable clauses to govern the international commercial contract, which may be general or may be regional, such as the Comecon and the European Common Market.

Abstract:-
The end of the world occupied human mind and they respond to the result in the formation of many different myths. The old myths and Abraham religions provides a collection that we have analyzed it in this paper.
There are two opinions about end the world: the first says the world will end by an accident and forever be destroyed and the other says that the world re-built after the destruction to be judged.

Abstract:-
The concept of illiteracy among Orientalists is based on the nature of the evidence that they rely on in proving and denying this status to the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him). Some of them used the language of the word of the mother and made it the basis for proving this characteristic of the Prophet, as opposed to those who relied on other meanings of this word, and the opinions differed that the mother was relative to the mother of villages or to his birth mother and that he did not read or write. While we see those who introduced the verbal evidence in a proof of the Prophet or denied it so that it makes a time interval for the illiteracy of the Prophet, where some commentators have argued that illiteracy was before the mission in order not to accuse him of learning the Qur'an from other religions. But after the mission, it disappeared because it was no longer needed and was one of the shortcomings from which the prophets should be removed. Another group went on to prove this attribute of the Prophet before and after the mission, believing that the obligatory attribute was linked to the miracle of the Holy Qur'an; Not to be accused of being the one who wrote the Qur’an, and the interpreters did not intend to offend him, unlike some Orientalists, especially the hardliners, whose aim was to offend and challenge the Islamic religion by the way of challenging the person of the Prophet, Through research and conclusion, it was found that there was a third party who was interested in monitoring, interpreting and analyzing Islamic concepts and they are the people of the house (peace be upon them), the tracking of their honorable narratives - which is the final word - makes us judge frequently its contents that indicate that the Prophet was reading and writing the people of his honorable life. This is without prejudice to the miracle of the Holy Qur’an, and they considered that saying the illiteracy of the Prophet is one of the misconceptions intended to detract from the personality of the Prophet, and they rejected it and presented the correct alternative concept that inherits the conviction of the recipient, supported by the evidence that inherits faith and belief in it.

Abstract:-
Feminism, which in the past meant "movement in favor of women's rights", begins with the activity of the women's movement in France, this approach is a kind of action of thinking women and behaviors that demand equal rights and opportunities with men, and it dates back to Arab fiction literature, but the feminist tendencies in the contemporary era caused such a change in the structure of the Arab society that women started writing and depicted the problems of women in their society and defended their oppression and deprivation. This research aims to investigate and analyze feminism in Nawal El Saadawi's novel "Mozakerat al-Teflah " by means of a descriptive-analytical method and prove that Saadawi wants to change the patriarchal Arab society with his feminist point of view. The result of the research shows that in this story, he has described the methods of educating girls who were trapped in old traditions and themes such as deprivation of freedom, lack of self-confidence and self-esteem, dropping out of school and illiteracy, violence against women, early marriage of girls and that a woman has the right to live like a man makes the reader feel an orderly and coherent flow in the process of the story and find information about the events and characters of the story.

Abstract:-
In the current time, the Islamic society suffers from a great number of problems such as corruption and committing the forbidden things that require Islamic legislations to deal with. This study, entitled (Aid in sin in the Islamic Shari’a, A Study in the Contemporary Application), has a common conception that could be applied on a number of the contemporary applications; the jurist can rely on(forbidding aid in sin) to deduce legal rules that deal with contemporary corruptions and forbidden issues among Muslims like electronic blackmail and defamation, or deal with visual, audio and printed media that are used to spread sins and vices as well as drugs dealing, in addition to other contemporary applications that aid in sin, as some of these forbidden issues were not existing in the (text era), and since that Islam is the seal of all religions, such problems and corruptions must be deal with by the Islamic rules, otherwise it would not be (the seal of religions).
Many of these sins or corruptions have premises or causes which should be uprooted, and this is the study importance, as it deals with issues that concern the individual and the society behavior at the level of moving away the individual and the society from the actions that aid in sin and aggression that appear clearly in many of the living phenomena and aspects in the current time, attempting to have resolutions.
The Islamic jurisprudence and the jurist are able to deal with these problems that came about the Islamic society due to the rapid scientific development where world became a small village, and also because of the interchange between the Islamic culture and the western culture, where some problems appear that involve the legislator to deal with via (aid in sin) conception, by considering and forbidding their causes.

Abstract:-
Due to eloquence and elocution, Imam Ali's (AS) speeches have always caught researchers' attention and have been investigated from various points of view. In addition to Nahj al-Balagha, his speeches have also been collected in Molhaq Nahj al-Balagha as narrated by Ibn Naqa. The sermon 'dorah yatimah' centered on tawhid is the first speech in this collection. This article seeks to examine the imagery of tawhid in this sermon. The results show that in addition to using the two descriptive methods of pointing out creatures' features while separating them from God and also naming the attributes of God while separating them from creatures' features, Imam Ali (AS) has drawn upon a wide range of rhetorical techniques and figures of speech in order to create an image of the oneness of God. In this sermon, figures of speech are more widely used than rhetorical techniques. Regarding figures of speech, music and rhythm as sound techniques play a key role in creating images of tawhid; sometimes the rhythm is short and as a result images are presented fast but when human at times needs to reflect on God's oneness, the rhythm is long and consequently images are shown slowly.

Abstract:-
One of the most important goals of divine prophets and pure imams (peace be upon them) was to create a new Islamic civilization. A civilization that is based on monotheistic teachings, full of science, ethics, social rationality, political authority, progressive culture, etc. Undoubtedly, the main mission of religious systematization in order to design social and management models in the Islamic system is the responsibility of jurisprudence.
The main question is whether Shia jurisprudence has the capacity to build civilization and religious system or not? Among the Muslim jurists, Imam Khomeini (may God bless him and grant him peace) in addition to presenting the capacities of Shia jurisprudence in his scientific works, has also neglected its application in civilized jurisprudence.
By studying his jurisprudential works, various capacities such as the government's attitude towards jurisprudence, the element of time and place in jurisprudential inferences, the theory of non-dissolution of legal discourses, etc. can be followed. Paying attention to his jurisprudential innovations and their application in jurisprudence makes the path of producing sciences needed by Islamic civilization easy. Therefore, in the preceding article, the author intends to extract the capabilities of Shia jurisprudence for civilization from the jurisprudential works of Imam Khomeini and explain its use in jurisprudential conclusions.

Abstract:-
Defamiliarization is a phenomenon in the Arabic language which has been known an used by most of the rhetoricians, linguists and grammarians in different realms of semantics of the linguistic terms denotatively and connotatively in words and structural phrases for a long time other than that of the other phenomena in rhetoric and linguistics.
However, they didn’t know it by its modern term as defamiliarization. Nowadays, the modern critical and literary studies are giving special attention to the defamiliarization phenomenon as one of the basic figures of speech in adding to the beauty of the literary works and in its turn, it is considered as a linguistic occurrence in the language formation and structure and discovering the different transformation of the two structural and connotative bases in its permanent distribution between the superficial creativity and the ideal deep base structure.
Therefor, defamiliarization is a creative production attached to the literary works. We find that Nahjol Balagheh aphorisms are filled with all kinds of defamiliarization images in its full artistic and substitutional structures due to its glorious and eternal meanings hiding behind these aphorisms which should be discovered and applied in the defamiliarization figure of speech studies. Thus, it would be unfair if there wouldn’t be academic studies upon this. So in this research, we try to study the figure of speech of metaphor which is considered to be one of the basic substitutional defamiliarization artistic technics in its modern style and we try to compare it with the aphorisms of Imam Ali (p.b.u.h).That’s why we were encouraged to study this phenomenon in a way that we define it in rhetoric and linguistics based on its reals of uses and its sub divisionary terms in a comparative way.

Abstract:-
Time took a new form according to the new artistic vision of literature, as it developed in the light of modernity and postmodernism to a complex level, and the direct chronological order disappeared, so the writer moved from time to time according to his artistic vision, away from the logical sequence and sequence, so time has new techniques to build it, such as retrieval And it is related to the past tense, anticipation, and it is related to the future time, association, evocation, and the stream of consciousness, and time represents a great effectiveness in the text. Most of the narrative temporal techniques, and through that, he achieved the desired benefit in suspense the reader and drew his attention to previous events that have passed, as well as to events that will happen. Abstract and omission as important factors to speed up the narration, bypass unimportant matters, and draw the reader to the matters he wants to shed light on.
Accordingly, the research raised a problem represented in the question: How were the temporal techniques manifested in the novel The Shadow Object by the author Fahd Ismail? This article dealt with the elements of time in the novel "The Shadow Object" through two sections; The first topic in the temporal paradoxes in this novel through the following two requirements; The first requirement is retrieval or recollection and its types (internal, external, and blending), while the second requirement is anticipation or anticipation, and the second topic; The speed of narration was dealt with through two requirements. The first requirement is to speed up the narration by using the abstract and deletion techniques, and the second requirement is to slow the narration through the use of the scene and pause techniques. The events of the story in the novel, the author used the technique of anticipation to serve the novel, the plot of the novel and the sequence of its events, the author presented his narration in a beautiful dramatic way, and the wise use of the element of time in the novel through the speed of narration, the author used techniques to slow down the narration beautifully and literally, which added drama to the novel and keep the reader away from the feeling of boredom in narrating the dialogue.

Abstract:-
The achievement of justice can be considered one of the most important goals of any legal system. Wherever the law is mentioned, it is assumed that the application of the law is undoubtedly linked to the achievement of justice. Although a law which the rule ought to promise justice sometimes has an opposite function and unfavorable results are obtained from its application, which is not only undesirable to the legislator, but also surprising. Civil rights, as one of the broad areas of law regulating the private and contractual relations of individuals, is not exempt from this issue. Civil law, as the main source of civil rights, despite its internal richness, is sometimes not in line with developments, and even adhering to its text will not necessarily be a good result. In order to solve this duality, either the legislator must act and amend the law, which is of course changing and amending the law a ceremonial and long process. On the other hand, the law is always general and because of its nature all issues are unpredictable and according to its essence will always lag behind developments; Or a judicial interpretation approach can be used. This article was written in a descriptive and analytical way, and its purpose is to express the intertwining of justice with jurisprudence and judicial procedure, and it seeks to prove the existence of a direct relationship between these three elements. Adopting an interpretative, justice-oriented approach to judicial decision-making has the advantage that it not only requires special procedures, but will leave its positive function more quickly and happens to be a guide and guide for the legislator so that laws can be implemented when necessary and based on changes and requirements, because it is contrary to the law, and It is general, the evidence of judicial rulings in the implementation of the law is partial. Therefore, it is appropriate for the judge to be a worker of justice and an enforcer of it, and not a worker of the text and an enforcer of the law.

Abstract:-
The Safavid government was in conflict with the Ottoman Empire from the beginning of its establishment over the protection of its western borders. With the death of Shah Abbas I, the Ottomans got a good opportunity to attack the common borders with Iran, and their most important goal was to conquer Baghdad. In the early years of Shah Safi's rule, the Safavid government succeeded in repelling the attacks of the Ottomans to some extent due to the preservation of the structure of the army at the time of Shah Abbas, but after the outbreak of rivalries within the court and attempts to remove those who had influence and power at the time of Shah Abbas, Iran weakened and lost its ability to protect Baghdad. This research was conducted with the aim of analyzing the Iranian-Ottoman border confrontations during the reign of Shah Safi and emphasizing the fall of Baghdad. The results show that a series of factors caused the loss of part of the western border, especially Baghdad, and the failure of the Shah to maintain the western border at the time of Shah Abbas I, the most important of which are: - Giving priority to personal interests over national interests among those in power, so that some courtiers were satisfied with defeat in front of the enemy in order to eliminate their internal opponents and competitors. - The fierce rivalries in the court during the reign of Shah Safi, which caused the formation of an alliance of Turks and Tajiks against the Georgian elements, and to some extent the king himself was the reason for strengthening these rivalries and disagreements. The recklessness of the king and leaders in making the right decisions on the war fronts. - The prolongation of military conflicts with the Ottoman Empire caused the Iranian military forces and the Safavid Shah to be exhausted, which has a great impact on not making serious efforts to keep Baghdad. The methodology of this research is historical-analytical, as the information is collected in a library way. The main tool for the research is to refer to the sources of that period, which is ultimately based on the conclusion from the sources of inference, interpretation and analysis.

Abstract:-
Manage the affairs of the personnel contracted with it, or use its powers and privileges by contract, and by being subject to the rules of public law, and familiar with private law.
And in that the authority to impose penalties is considered one of the privileges that the administration possesses, and that is when it violates contractual obligations, or through delay in implementation, or implementation in a disproportionate manner, and its authority to impose penalties because it is a public practice, and it must contribute to public utilities, regularly and steadily.
Within this research, we will follow the descriptive approach to determine the effectiveness of administrative penalties as a result of violating the administrative contract, and the analytical approach on the method of constancy of texts and rulings related to the study (Iraqi law) and comparative. By researching the Iraqi law and comparing it with the Syrian law.
Upon completion, we reached conclusions and recommendations that would contribute to clarifying the necessary effectiveness of administrative penalties as a result of breaching the administrative contract.

Abstract:-
Sarcasm in literature is an art that takes place from a buried pain and reveals a hidden anguish that one wants to resort to in order to heal his pain by the opposite and heal the unpleasant by the opposite. Hence, the pain felt by the writer or the poet and his inability to eliminate the causes of this pain is the reality behind this mockery that he fabricates. However, the motives for resorting to this method differ from one era to another, as the goal of irony in one era was individualism and in another era collective, and the writer's goal in writing these texts was political and other social, or he had other reasons, and for this we say that irony is a form of satire, promiscuity, or Sarcasm, humor, joke or joke.
Many Iraqi poets highlighted in their poems the prevailing situation and the ruler over the Iraqi people and the extent of the injustice of the ruler and the occupier of their country, and they used different approaches to show what happened to their homeland, Iraq, and among these approaches that had an effective and effective resonance in the hearts of Iraqis is the use of satirical poetry and Many satirical poets have emerged who take satirical poetry as a good to defend their principles and enlighten the ideas of their oppressed people, and among these poets are Muhammad Reda Al-Shabibi and Muhammad Mahdi Al-Jawahiri, who are considered among the most prominent Iraqi poets who employed irony in dealing with many social, cultural, religious and political issues in their Iraqi society in particular and the issues of the Arab world in general. Al-Shabibi and his political ideas went beyond the framework of Iraq and included a broader and more comprehensive framework, which is the Arab framework. As for Al-Jawahiri, sarcastically, he does not want to make people laugh, but to raise awareness of what is happening in his country, and Al-Jawahiri was the living picture of what is happening in his country.

Abstract:-
The phenomenon of deviance is one of the important and recent phenomena in stylistic studies that deal with literary texts. This phenomenon had different forms and theories, and Jon Cohen’s vision is one of the most important of these theories. Cohen divides deviance into four levels: the first phonetic, the second morphological, the third substitutive (semantic), and the fourth synthetic ; And Yahya Al-Samawi was one of the poets who used the art of deviance in a wide, beautiful and artistic way, and he is a lot of deviance in relation to all the poets in the world of contemporary Arabic literature.
Then this poet was chosen and the two most important styles of Jon Cohen's vision and the one closest to Arabic rhetoric were treated in his poetry, especially in his poetry collection "A wound greater than the body"; And they are: substitutional deviance, i.e. graphic images in the science of rhetoric, and the structural deviance that takes place during the grammatical structure of sentences, which is in the sense of the departure of phrases from their usual grammatical rules. Al-Samawi, in this collection, changed the original and endowed his words with the poetry of Jon Cohen, so that he used literary methods and their various arts in the field of substitutional deviance, such as metaphor, analogy, paradox, and symbolism. And delay, omission, and repetition. From what we have reached, deviance is a stylistic component that al-Samawi did not take as an end, but as a means by which he can shape his discourse aesthetically and then communicate it. The research is based on the descriptive and analytical approach based on Jon Cohen's theory.

Abstract:-
Postponement of the death penalty is a sensitive and controversial subject in Iraqi law and Islamic law. This discussion relates to a set of effects and repercussions that may result from postponing the execution of the death penalty for convicts.
One of the effects of postponing the death penalty is its impact on crime victims and their families. Victims and their relatives may live in a state of uncertainty and psychological tension due to the postponement of execution, as they expect justice and fairness quickly, and the postponement may lead to the continuation of the suffering of the victims and delay the psychological recovery process for them..
In addition, postponing the execution of the death penalty may lead to legal and procedural complications. Executing the death penalty requires careful preparation and specific legal procedures. If execution is delayed, it may require a re-trial procedure or a re-evaluation of evidence and witnesses. This can lead to a delay in the execution of the sentence and incur additional legal costs.
The methodology in scientific research is of great importance. The methodology of our study is a descriptive analytical methodology, as the descriptive methodology revolves around describing and analyzing the concept of postponing execution in Iraqi and Islamic law. The researcher presents it and studies it in the light of a number of studies, so he can reach accurate results. Which enables him to identify the causes of the research problem.
Upon completion, a number of results were reached, as well as recommendations and proposals, which would contribute to clarifying what are the implications of postponing the execution of the death penalty in Iraqi law and Islamic law.

Abstract:-
The derivative is considered one of the most important types of Quranic words and it is one of the issues that is considered part of the important verbal investigations in the science of inferencing judgments. The scholars in the science of the principles of jurisprudence have clearly differed in the comprehensiveness of the meaning of the derivative in the science of the principles of jurisprudence compared to the derivative in the language and in that is the use of the derivative in terms of attribution and the ratio of those from whom the original has passed, real or metaphorical? So that a group of later Shia and Mu'tazilite scholars - known as the Sahihin - saw that the derivative in cases of non-contact is metaphorical. Another group of the advanced Shiite and Ash'ari scholars (Al-Aammioun) believed that the two cases are from the truth, even if everyone agrees that the derivative in the case of description is the truth. By studying the concept of the derivative in linguistics and origins and their relationship with each other and the opinions of the jurists, the research concluded that although the root of the invalidity of the claims of Al-Aammioun is the negligence of the meaning of the principles in the various derivatives however, Sahihin did not escape from this error either. The authors believe that, firstly, the lack of separation between the form of the subject and the object, and secondly, the failure to take into account the properties of the articles of principles in derivatives, among the discussions that can be considered on the two Sahihin. Therefore, what can be said about derivatives, as a general rule: The disappearance and end of everything depends on it.

Abstract:-
Women are the source of the Spring and the vibrant spirit with giving and love, as the importance of the current research in showing the prominent role of women in the development of society and in political, economic and developmental life and highlighting this effective and positive role and employing it in the correct way to advance societies and nations, and to achieve this goal we can only help but that We highlight the role of women in the poems of Al -Rubaie through the following questions, what is the objective image of a woman in Al -Rubaie's poetry? (Symbolism) for women in Al -Rubaie's poetry?, In order to answer the advanced questions in our research, we have followed the descriptive analytical approach in order to achieve the goals drawn according to this research.

Abstract:-
As the phenomenon of terrorism represented a danger to all humanity, and it was necessary to confront it and confront it with all members of society and its institutions, and it was very difficult to highlight the role of all institutions that society possesses in facing the phenomenon of terrorism and extremism.
Islam came to draw a living and integrated image of the Islamic community, according to accurate foundations and concepts, and this requires the activation of all elements of society, so the man does not exempt and does not exclude women, each of them is responsible for establishing Islam, just as men have his responsibilities, as well as women have a great impact on society in general. We need to understand the social roles of women in combating and preventing violent extremism, because they represent half of society, and it is necessary to observe the gender in preventing violent extremism, because some factors affect females more than affect males. We also need awareness sessions to reduce the phenomenon of family violence against women.
Therefore, the research dealt with a comprehensive understanding of the roles and responsibilities of women in Islam and within the extremist movements by determining the type of participation, their leadership, roles and contributions within these movements as an extremist woman who lives alongside the man in his extremism and violence.