Journal of Al-qadisiya in arts and educational sciences

Finding out how second-year middle school students' biology performance changed after using the scientific stations technique is the main goal of the study.
A two-month experiment was carried out on second-year middle school students at (Al-Adala Girls' Middle School) affiliated with the General Directorate of Education in Diwaniyah during the second semester of the academic year (2022-2023) from 1/3/2023 to 1/5/2023 in order to achieve the research aim. Group (C) consisted of 30 students who studied using the scientific stations technique; group (D) consisted of 30 students who studied as normal; and group (C) was the experimental group chosen at random by lottery. Both sets of participants were given points based on their chronological age, IQ, and biology-related accomplishments during the last six months. In order to account for confounding factors, the researcher used a partial control experimental design. It was the researcher herself who examined the two study groups. She used the t-test for two independent samples to statistically analyse the data once the experiment was completed. When comparing the two groups' performance on the biology accomplishment exam, the findings revealed that the experimental group kids did better. The researcher made a number of suggestions based on the study's findings, including:
.1Training teachers on the science stations strategy.
.2Paying attention to training teachers on formulating open-ended scientific activities with the aim of increasing achievement and developing thinking and intelligence among female students.
3.Using the science stations strategy in teaching biology in the preparatory stage.

The research aimed to provide educational requirements from Islam, that contribute to improving the quality of family life in light of the challenges of the digital age. The deductive approach was used. The most prominent results were: The dimensions of the quality of family life are based on the Islamic perception of life, the purpose of human existence, and the family system in Islam. The dimensions of the quality of family life in Islam are also characterized by integration and balance in caring for aspects of the human personality. The challenges of the digital age represent a threat to the quality of family life, its stability, and the completion of its educational roles. The quality of family life in Islamic approach is based on requirements characterized by integration, balance, and keeping pace with the challenges of the digital age, and are related to the educational, doctrinal, intellectual, moral, social, economic, and health environment. The researcher recommended the importance of educational and social institutions providing support to families by organizing training and awareness programs and workshops that aim to enhance parents' awareness of the dimensions and requirements of the quality of family life in Islam.

The current research (Plato's Political Philosophy (A Study of Laws in the Virtuous Republic) deals with a philosophical and intellectual study. Political philosophy constitutes an important part of human philosophy, as its importance comes from its concern with organizing the lives of peoples within the state, as it establishes a constitution according to which everyone operates. In this research, we stop at this problem, as we study the political philosophy of Plato, where Plato went far from reality due to the events that his life witnessed. Therefore, Greek philosophical thought in all its political and non-political fields was only the product of those accumulations and precursors that had the credit for the growth of his ideas. We find that he researched all philosophical aspects to achieve the happiness of the entire state, and for this reason politics received a significant portion of his attention. The research contained two chapters: The first chapter included the research problem, which was summarized in the question: What are the political laws according to Plato? What is their concept, role, importance, and need for them? The research objective, which was summarized as (getting to know the concept of political laws according to Plato) and their importance from their beginning until their imposition in the ideal city. The second chapter, which is the theoretical framework of the research, was divided into four sections: The introduction to the first section was concerned with defining the concept of (the laws of the constitutional system), which included images of social and economic life and the constitutional system among the Greeks, in terms of class division within the state structure, and also included an image of the size of the state. As for the second section, it was concerned with knowing (the laws of education and upbringing) and how a child grows up from birth until he reaches the age of fifty and reaches the philosophical stage or the philosopher ruler. The third section: It dealt with (the laws of marriage and family formation) and what are the roles that the people of the city must follow and adhere to. The fourth section included (the laws of virtue and morals), and this section is considered one of the most important sections that we have addressed. The research also included an introduction and a preface in addition to a conclusion.
The research reached a set of results, including:
1. The idea of laws is the basis for building an ideal city-state in the republic and should be protected by law instead of the philosopher ruler.
2. Plato called for limited communism and certain classes. He highlighted the role of education in building the state and its relationship to determining gender in the state.
3. He researched the connections that form marriage bonds and determined the offspring within his state so that his city would remain small and the number of families would not exceed five thousand and forty.
4. He explained the role of the morals that characterize the individual in the city and their connection to the virtue of good character.

The linguistic text and the surrounding conditions and circumstances that fall outside the boundaries of metalanguage constitute an important basis in understanding the text, and among these foundations are intentionality and acceptability, as these two criteria represent the two sides of the communication process; Intentionality represents the sender, or creator, of the text, while acceptability represents the recipient and his reaction to what he receives. Through this research, we are trying to explain how these criteria contribute to the consistency and cohesion of the text, despite their occurrence outside the linguistic boundaries. The research was based on two demands. The first was concerned with explaining the concept of intentionality, and the second requirement focused on acceptability .

Intellectual waste can be seen as a form of war that is fought for dominance and the imposition of control over people's minds. Intellectual waste destroys the existence of the individual and is the opposite of building empowerment and power. Therefore, the idea of idolatry helps in one way or another to waste human intellectual value through the process of subjugation and subjugation. , as it makes the individual subject to social idols that try to limit his capabilities and destroy his being, and thus the accumulated impasse through idolatry is exacerbated, and existence becomes unbearable and confrontational. In our current research, we will present the indicator of intellectual waste in Iraqi society and try to employ it according to the social fetishism perspective of Dr. To symbolize some social and spiritual values with sanctity, to be distinguished by power so that people fear them, to link the course of society with illusions and falsehoods, to blur the personality of the individual and society and not allow it to flourish, and to try to link the course of society and its culture with a framework of illusions. So, firstly, they are (false primitive values) and secondly, they are (the result of unjust dictatorial power), and therefore they undermine scientific, cognitive and intellectual development. And a hidden tributary of waste of intellectual and cultural energies.

The poetry of the Ṣuʿlūk (brigands) represents a significant mark in pre-Islamic Arabic poetry, as it introduced a new and unconventional style that differed from traditional poetic norms. This distinctiveness stemmed from its deep connection to the harsh life of the desert and the nomadic existence of the outlaws
One of the most renowned poets of this genre is Ta’abbata Sharran (Thābitibn Jābir), whose poetry vividly portrays his raids and the hardships he endured. His poetry is largely realistic, with little room for imagination.
Thus, the title of my research is:
"The Poetry of Ta’abbata Sharran: Between Reality and Imagination

Sheikh Raad bin Muhammad bin Jassim bin Hamada bin Abbas bin Hindi bin Al-Khater, was born in the city of Hillah in 1951. Sheikh Raad Al-Khalidi joined the College of Jurisprudence in Najaf Al-Ashraf in 1970. He studied the introductory courses in Arabic language and logic, then began the surface stage in Najaf Al-Ashraf.
In the third academic year, Sheikh Al-Khalidi was expelled from the College of Jurisprudence because he did not engage in the activities of the dissolved Baath Party at that time. Sheikh Raad Al-Khalidi then went to complete his studies in the religious seminary, so he began his external research with Imam Sayyid Abu Al-Qasim Al-Khoei, and studied jurisprudence and principles under Sayyid Muhammad Baqir Al-Sadr, in addition to the scholars of Najaf Al-Ashraf.

Most poets tend to elaborate on aspects of life like death, mortality, and fragility of life in relation to aspects of nature through the use of certain symbols and images, and Louise Gluck is not an exception. She tackles fragility of human life by comparing it with that of the iris. "The wild iris" which is published in 1992 reflects on a variety of themes such as death, rebirth, transformation, and the fragility of life. The flower is poetically personified as the speaker, vividly embodied to tell the story. Irises, like humans, are certainly fading. From the very beginning, the poet introduced to the scene of imminent death. However, the iris gives a sense of hope when it comes to life again. It is through the flower's experience and endurance that readers realize the essence of life and the significance of their existence. The speaker's idea of life is like that of the iris; transitory but it represents a natural cycle of a spectacular cosmic order. The speaker's admission of decay is a matter of controversy. Gluck seeks eternity, representing the process of death and life as a cycle of growth and decline, then rebirth in afterlife. To achieve this, the poet keeps her voice to a minimum. Gluck adopts a simple language and a spare poetic tone, accompanied with allegory and symbolism to reflect the speaker’s fragility.

Of the most major topics, a historical novel may have, is a historical representation. The historical representation is the major millstone of the historical novel. Critics, novelists, reviewers, and even readers have been debating for decades on different aspects related to those representations. These aspects may include the nature of representations, are they true in terms of reporting historical fact? Could they replace historical books and documents, and the like? Historical representation simply means the narration of historical events in historical novels within a specific time and place, regardless of the function the narration wants to achieve.

Boland's poetry explores the intimate aspects of identity, examining the influence of memory and personal experience. Her verses contemplate her roles by means of a mother, wife, as well as artist, highlighting the interplay between these identities and her self-perception. In her works, Boland intricately intertwines personal memories with overarching themes of cultural and familial legacy, investigating how these multifaceted experiences contribute to the formation of one's identity.
Boland's poetry deeply quests the formation of identity through the lenses of history, gender, and individual experience, frequently calling for a reevaluation of the conventional narratives that have historically influenced both public and personal perceptions.

When discussing significant African-American authors, Alice Walker is often mentioned because she is a feminist and vocal advocate for human rights. This paper deals with " Post-colonial identity in Alice Walker's The Color Purple", a novel about the oppression of black women. The Pulitzer Prize for Fiction was awarded to this work. The novel centered on the position of black women in American society. The purpose of this paper is to talk about Celie's loss of identity due to her encounters with oppression and racism. An examination of women's struggles for self-determination in the face of patriarchal tyranny is presented here. The novel, The Color Purple, which used its heroine, Celie, to illustrate issues related to women's identity and abuse. Celie is a female character, who is oppressed by the male characters. Celie was subjected to both physical and emotional abuse at the hands of her stepfather, society and spouse. Celie wrote letters to "God" about her experiences with abuse. After years of abuse and bitterness, she finally began to rebel against her oppressors. She announced to the world that she is a strong, independent woman.