The Scientific Review of the Iraqi Counter Terrorism Service

Thinking about the negotiating position of the state is one of the most important criteria adopted by experts in the field of determining the strategies that can be dealt with in managing international negotiations, as determining the negotiating position of the state helps in understanding the options that can be relied upon during negotiations, and also helps in evaluating the possibilities that the other party can resort to during the negotiation process. Determining the negotiating position of Iraq depends on what the movement of variables imposes in terms of indicators and what the geopolitical location of the state imposes in terms of characteristics that can contribute to strengthening or narrowing the negotiating position according to the nature of the negotiating issue, which is the same thing that relates to the position of Iraq according to what the region imposes in terms of indicators if applied to negotiations with the United States of America.

The phenomenon of religious extremism and terrorism that Iraq witnessed after 2003 is one of the issues that preoccupies Iraqi, Arab and international public opinion, and this extremism stems from the rigidity of values and the abnormality of terrorist behavior that affected Iraqi society in waves of violence directed against Iraqi society, to impose alien visions and trends on Society ended with a series of bombings and systematic killings stemming from psychological and other motives that produced the phenomena of extremism and terrorism.

Conflict between individuals, societies and countries is a phenomenon rooted in human nature that stems from needs, ambitions and the disparity between need and scarcity. Forms of conflict have evolved throughout history and have not been limited to wars but have also included periods of peace. One of the most prominent tools of this conflict is psychological warfare, which aims to influence the morale and behavior of opponents without resorting to direct confrontation. Psychological warfare is a strategic tool that affects the military, economic and social fields. Modern media and social media platforms emerge as major platforms for launching it. The conflict with ISIS is a vivid example of its effectiveness, as the organization used advanced psychological techniques to attract individuals and destabilize societies. Major countries such as the Soviet Union and America used advanced methods to develop and implement comprehensive psychological operations, as psychological warfare relies on psychological manipulation using words, whether overtly or covertly, with the aim of influencing motives, emotions and attitudes without causing physical harm. Its results may change the course of conflicts and prove its ability to turn victory into defeat and vice versa.

Intellectual security is considered one of the important pillars for the purpose of achieving national stability, and it means the safety of human thought from deviation. Thus, the phenomenon of violent extremism is one of the most important problems facing societies, especially the multiple societies that are transitioning to democracy and are experiencing situations of conflict and are exposed to terrorism, and since intellectual extremism targets... Deviating from behavior in accordance with the customs, traditions, and religious and moral beliefs of society without entering the scope of legal criminalization. This is because the law does not punish ideas and intentions unless they are accompanied by material behavior and come into effect, and since extremist ideas are not limited to those who embrace a certain doctrine and exaggerate the ideas and rulings of this religion, but rather It can appear among non-religious people who believe in certain political ideas or certain social visions that are contrary to human rights and freedoms in general.

Al-Hawl camp in northern Syria is one of the most dangerous camps for displaced persons that affect Iraqi security, as it hosts a large group of families of ISIS fighters. The importance of the research lies in providing a clear vision of the impact of Al-Hawl camp on Iraqi national security by identifying the risks that require effective government policies in dealing with the camp. The research aims to provide an in-depth analysis of the impact of the Al-Hawl camp on Iraqi security, as it addresses the security risk resulting from the presence of elements affiliated with the terrorist organization ISIS who adopt extremism in Al-Hawl camp near the Iraqi border. It also analyzes the security challenges for the return of displaced families from the camp. It discusses the solutions that the Iraqi government can follow in dealing with the severity of this crisis, which contributes to providing recommendations that serve government policies in dealing with this file.

The American presence in Iraq represents a necessity for Washington due to Iraq's geopolitical location, as well as it being the center of the American-Iranian conflict in the Middle East. This is what makes the United States of America attach great strategic importance to it in order to maintain American influence on the one hand, and protect its interests and the interests of its allies on the other hand. The strategic dialogue was of great importance to the Iraqi and American sides, especially after the invasion of the terrorist organization ISIS in 2014, The American forces intervened and returned part of their forces as advisors under the name of the “International Coalition Against Terrorism,” and were stationed again in many Iraqi military bases in central, western, and northern Iraq, and carried out air strikes to help Iraq eliminate ISIS.
The goal of any American administration in Iraq is to prolong the American military presence, and this includes the Biden administration. Although this administration sent that signal that the Middle East is no longer a priority for the foreign policy of the United States of America, as President Biden indicated that he wants to reduce the United States’ participation. America and refocusing on national security priorities such as Russia and China by moving from military tools of engagement to civilian tools, but it wants to preserve the presence of American forces in Iraq, and the dialogues and agreements aim to legalize this presence and frame it through strategies prepared for this survival.

This study relates to one of the important topics in combating terrorism. Intelligence plays a major role in the field of collecting information about terrorists and terrorist organizations in addition to its pivotal role in employing this information to limit the occurrence of terrorist acts, explain them، and predict terrorist operations to be carried out in the future, through studying methods. Followed by these organizations and analyzing the information obtained from the leaders and members of the organizations، as well as strengthening it with additional information through various mechanisms through which important and necessary information is obtained، whether those sources are human or digital intelligence، leading to the ultimate goal of eliminating terrorism ،as well as drying its sources inside and outside.

While space exploration initially focused primarily on scientific dimensions, it quickly transformed into an arena for military competition. Space technology was linked to the development of intercontinental ballistic missile systems in the 1960s, leading to increased efforts to weaponize space. Satellites were used for military purposes such as espionage and surveillance. Major powers also tested anti-satellite space weapons, including systems designed to disable or destroy enemy satellites. Despite the signing of the Outer Space Treaty in 1967, which aimed to prevent the deployment of weapons of mass destruction in space, nations continued to develop dual-use technologies that could be employed for both civilian and military purposes. With the end of the Cold War, the balance of power in space shifted, with new nations such as China and India joining the space race. Recent decades have also witnessed significant developments in the use of space for direct and indirect military applications, such as military communications, navigation, and global positioning systems. This transformation has made outer space a critical strategic domain within the defense and national security systems of major powers.

Extremism is a chronic phenomenon that has become very dangerous transformations as a result of internal and external Arab, regional, international and local tensions. However, this phenomenon has become a major threat to the necessary process of building the state and society. The government needs an intellectual, cultural and cognitive dialogue to determine the controls and consensus rules for dealing with this phenomenon in a way that guarantees the future security of the country, region or a specific area within the geographical borders on the one hand, and on the other hand, to search for solutions in reading this phenomenon with the presence of basic indicators to prevent extremism from moving to a state of Insurgency, which represents the greatest danger and threat. In addition to establishing systematic foundations and an effective strategy to combat extremism, the Iraqi counter-terrorism strategy came to be the guarantor that transfers societies from a fragile state of peace resulting from violence, extremism and conflict to a state of stable peace, comprehensive integration of society and sound construction of the nation-state.

Drones are an effective weapon in the shortest possible time, especially when there is difficult terrain, as is the case in western and northern Iraq. They also provide a preemptive strike for the Counter-Terrorism Service forces, especially since terrorist elements move in the desert without supervision, with the availability of human resources and technological capabilities within the Counter-Terrorism Service. As long as there is a long-term policy and strategy, this step must be placed in the center of absolute attention due to its major security dimensions, from facilitating the matter and accelerating the elimination of terrorist elements. It is no secret to those around the Counter-Terrorism Service that its bravery has been proven in the field and its strength in confronting terrorism. The time has come for it to enter the world of contemporary technology and short-term warfare by pursuing terrorist groups on land and sea. This is the greatest return from the Counter-Terrorism Service’s possession of these drones, as it is a process of planning and implementation so that this force can keep pace with what is happening around it and benefit from the current regional lessons taking place in the region. On the other hand, drones can be purchased or manufactured.

Countries always strive for progress and a better future that enables them to achieve stability, security, and a comfortable and prosperous life in all aspects of life. To achieve this, nations develop strategies that ensure they achieve their national goals and protect their interests. The United States of America's National Security Strategy is the framework that guides the country's approach to protecting its national interests and dealing with global threats. The National Security Strategy identifies the priorities, objectives, and strategic options necessary to maintain security, promote prosperity, and uphold American values ​​internationally. The strategy is rooted in a dynamic, changing global environment and addresses a variety of challenges, from major power competition and cybersecurity threats to counterterrorism, global warming, and many other issues that could increase the chances of international instability. Therefore, by developing a comprehensive vision, it is not limited to preparing and formulating the National Security Strategy and defense policy alone. Rather, it emphasizes the need to combine all the tools of national power to achieve the objectives set forth within a comprehensive strategy in an environment filled with ambiguity and uncertainty. In light of the National Security Strategy, a number of strategies are developed, including the military strategy and the counterterrorism strategy.