Rafidain journal of science

Different culture media in different volumes were exposed to microwave (MW) irradiation for
2, 3 and 4 minutes to investigate the ability of MW to destroy microorganisms and compared with
media sterilized by conventional autoclaving method. MW sterilized media were screened for
microbial growth.
Exposure of different microorganisms to microwave irradiation resulted in destruction of all
microorganisms within 3 minutes. Using MW for irradiation is a practical, easy, rapid and energy
saving way to sterilize different types of culture media with no effects on the quality of culture
media and microbial growth after sterilization. It can be used as alternative apparatus instead of
autoclave in microbiology laboratories for preparing different sizes in rapid and routine experiments
especially in the conditions of the weak electricity current and interruption

Candida albicans were isolated from 36 isolates of the mouth people aged (2.5 – 63) years.
A crude sample of bees propolis was collected from several apiaries in Mosul city and green apples
were collected from the markets, evaluating antifungal of fluconazole, methanol extract of propolis
(MPE) and methanol extract of green apples peels (MEGAP) were different concentration
(125,250,375,500,750,1000,1500)ug/ml, each one alone and as combination of (fluconazole 50%+
MPE 50%) and of (fluconazole 50%+ MEGAP50%). Each one alone, the fluconazole only had
inhibitory effect against C.albicans. As combination, the synergistic effect was observed of both
combination (fluconazole 50% + EMP 50%) and (fluconazole 50%+MEGAP 50%) against
C.albicans. In comparing between two combination observed that it was outdoing in a synergistic
effect of (EMP) compared with (EMGAP) specially at concentrations (750 , 1000, 1500) ug/ml.

The experiment under lab condition was conducted to investigate the effect of petroleum
hydrocarbon contamination on soil microorganisms and biodegradation. The experiment was
conducted in 12 treatment and three replication. The treatments include soil contaminated with
Kerosene, Diesel, lubricate oil and used lubricate oil in three concentration 0%, 5%, and 10%.
contamination with hydrocarbons significantly decreased the count of heterotrophic bacteria and
there was reversal relationship between the contaminant concentration and the count of
heterotrophic bacteria. The results indicated soil contamination with hydrocarbons significantly
increased the count of Hydrocarbon Utilizing Bacteria (HUB). The effect of petroleum
hydrocarbons on fungi count differed according to the type of hydrocarbons, concentration of
contaminant and the periods of incubation. Our results show that soil contamination by
hydrocarbons caused significant increase in actinomycetes count at all hydrocarbon types and
concentrations except 5% used and non-used lubrication oil. The higher percentage of
biodegradation in hydrocarbons contaminated soil 49.6% was recorded in soil contaminated with
5% kerosene while the lower percentag10.8% was recorded with soil contaminated 10% lubricate
oil.

The aim of this study was to determine the relationship of human cytomegalovirus in
thalassemic patients and blood donors in relation to IL-6 in Kirkuk City through screening of antihuman
cytomegalovirus IgM and IgG antibodies in the serum of thalassemic patients and blood
donors by using ELISA technique to detect the IgG and IgM in blood samples. Blood samples were
collected from 200 thalassemic patients and 180 samples from blood donor. The study revealed that
the positive rates for HCMV-IgG , HCMV-IgM and both HCMV IgM/IgG were positive among
152(76.0%),14,(7.0%) and 3(1.5%) respectively. The rates of HCMV antibodies among 180 blood
donors HCMV-IgG was detected in 68 (37.77%), the seropositive for HCMV-IgM was 7(3.88%),
while for both HCMV-IgG and HCMV-IgM was 4(2.22%). The HCMV elaborate cellular and
immune manipulation strategies to maintain the virus-host equilibrium and the human immune
response by humeral and cellular immunity including some cytokines as IL-6, so the rates of
increased serum IL-6 was high among most HCMV seropositive subjects enrolled in this study
although the highest rate were within thalassemic patients

Hydrazones derived from acid hydrazides and 2-benzoylpyridine namely; 2-
benzoylpyridineacetyl hydrazine (BPAH),2-benzoylpyridine-4-methylbenzoyl hydrazone (BPMH)
and 2-benzoylpyridine picolinoylhydrazone (BPPH) have been synthesized and used to prepar the
corresponding Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) complexes. The ligands undergo deprotonation
forming neutral mononuclear octahedral bis-complexes of the type [M(L-H)2] where L-H =
deprotonated BPAH, BPMH or BPPH, acting as uni-negative tridentate ligands. The complexes
isolated were characterized by elemental analyses, (IR, electronic spectra), molar conductance and
magnetic susceptibility measurements. The bonding and probable structure of ,the complexes are
discussed depending on the basis of the spectral and magnetic data. The ligands, as well as some of
their complexes, screened against eight Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, The tested
compound exhibited moderate activity with respect to ceftriaxone antibiotic and higher activity than
the free ligands.

New, sensitive spectrophotometric method for determination of Naproxen (Nap) has been
proposed. The method is based on a modification of Naproxen into a hydroxy analog (mNap). The
modified compound is coupled with the diazotized p-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) in alkaline
medium, the resulting orange azo dye exhibit a maximum absorption at 500 nm. Beer's law is
obeyed over the concentration range from 10 to 650 μg/20 ml, (i.e. 0.5-32.5 μg/ ml) with a good
sensitivity (molar absorptivity 2.14x104 l.mol-1.cm-1), good precision (RSD% better than ±1.93%)
and high accuracy (relative error % better than 0.43%), Sandell's sensitivity index is 0.0107μg.cm-2
and the limit of detection (LOD) is 0.024 μg/ml and the limit of quantitation (LOQ) is 0.082 μg/ml.
The method has been applied successfully for determination of Naproxen in dosage forms after
extraction of the active ingredient

The properties of even-even 216-226Ra isotopes were studied and its energy states calculated. To identify the properties of each isotope, the values of the first excited state and the ratio of the second to the first excited state were adopted. The phenomenon of back (or up)-bending, the E-GOS curve, the relationship between successive excited states to those preceding them and the odd-even staggering were studied. The appropriate limit in the interacting boson model IBM-1, the IVBM model and the Bohr and Mottelson (BM) model were used to calculate the energy states for each isotope and compared the results with the experimental values. Due to the inaccuracy of some calculations in the models IVBM and BM, an adjustment term was added for each model and recalculated the energy states and the results were improved .

The current investigation is interested in studying the wear phenomenon for unsaturated
polyester resin reinforced by a different weight fraction of glass and carbon fibers and powders. The
prepared specimens were tested according to standard (ASTM-D5963) using a dvice pin-on-disk,
at room temperature. The influence of wear parameter like, applied load, sliding speed on the wear
rates were investigated. It was observed that the carbon and two types of glass fibers composite
shows lower wear rates than the carbon and glass powders composites, under varying the loads and
sliding speeds. In the case of sliding speed increased the results show that the increased of the
weight fractions of carbon and glass powders will decrease the wear rates of composites prepared
from this powders, while in the case of loading increase the wear rates increased when the weight
fraction increased up to (4.16 Wt.%) for both carbon and glass powders

Two models of asymmetrical magnetic objective lens geometries have been designed and studied.
These two models are called Pinhole and Snorkel lenses. The comparison between these models was
realized by the aid of simulation EOD program (Electron Optical Design), using the finite element
method to analyze the magnetic flux density and optical properties at constant excitation (NI=2000A-t).
The optimal model (Snorkel Lens) gives the best characteristics that were compatible with the research
purposes in details, such as the changing of air gap and the axial polepiece bore diameter on the optical
performance of the snorkel magnetic lens. This type of lens was used in low energies scanning electron
microscope (SEM), which achieved the lowest values of the aberrations coefficient at long working
distance

The aim of this paper is to estimate the mean monthly values of wind power density in four
meteorological stations in Nineveh Governorate (Mosul, Rabea, Talafar, Sinjar) for the period
(1980 – 2010) using different meteorological parameters. Five different models (Linear, Quadratic,
Logarithmic, Linear Logarithmic, power) were used to estimate the wind power density. The
performance of this regression models were evaluated. Several statistical test were used to control
the validation and goodness of the regression models in terms of (R, R2, MAE, RMSE). Linear
model gave the best fit for the relation between WPD and (P, n, H, C) in all stations. Quadratic
model and Linear model gave the best fit between WPD and (Rad. RH, T) in all stations.
Logarithmic model give the best fit between WPD and Rad in Mosul station

Tigris river is considered among the most important sources of water in Iraq. Therefore, an
ecological study has been conducted on this river within a stretch in Mosul city starting from
Mushirfa site north till Al-Busaif village in the south. The study aimed at verifying the impact of
إيمان سامي السراج وآخرون
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various pollutants including heavy metals on water and sediments. The study started on Spring 2011
through Winter 2012.
The heavy metals have been extracted by stander method using Atomic Absorption
Spectrophotometer and the estimation of some heavy metal concentrations such as (Zn, Cu, Cd, and
Pb) in river water and sediments has been done.
The result reveled a significant increase in the concentration of studied heavy metals in water
and sediments in the area of Al-Busaif compared with Mushirfa area (as a control group). The
concentration of heavy metal in water followed the descending order: Zn> Cu> Pb>Cd. As in
sediment the concentration followed the descending order: Cu> Pb>Zn>Cd.
This study has showed that the concentration of heavy metals in water and sediments is
normal with in the respective determinants of Iraq, and its concentration in sediments more than its
in water

Six early generation (B2,B1,F2,F1,P2,P1) of two crosses of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
the first (Intesar × Rabbeaa) and the second (Abo-Greab-3 × Adnanyi) were used to estimate the
components of phenotypic variance, heritability, average degree of dominance and expected genetic
advance for plant height, number of tillers per plant, grain yield and its components for each cross.
The result revealed that additive genetic variance was significant for number of grains per spike,
100 grain weight and grain yield in both crosses while the dominance genetic variance was
significant for spike length in the first cross. The studied traits revealed all types of dominance
heterosis can be utilized for improve number of tillers per plant in both crosses, plant height, spike
length in first cross, number of spike per plant in second cross. The values of broad sense
محمد حامد ايوب
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heritability was high for all studied traits in both crosses, the values of narrow sense heritability
were high and significant for number of grains per spike, 100 grain weight and grain gield per plant
in both crosses, number of spike per plant in first cross, spike length in second cross, medium for
plant height and number of tillers per plant in both crosses. The values of expected genetic advance
as a percentage of the mean were for number of spikes per plant, 100 grains weight and grain yield
per plant in both crosses which indicated that selection in the second filial generation will be
effective to improved those traits

The research involved the studying of the effect of the red laser radiation at wave length 650
nm and power 50 mw/cm2 using a semi-connector laser (diode laser) for different periods of times
5,10,15,20 min. in the initiation and growth of callus sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). Exposing
of sunflower root, stem and leaf explants to laser radiation leads to clear increase in rate of growth
indicators of calli (fresh weight of calli, dihydrofolate reductase activity and the amount of protein,
DNA, RNA. folate) especially after 6o days of exposure. It was found that 20 min. duration was
ideal to produce maximal activity of dihydrofolate enzyme giving value of 53.411μgm/min./mg
protein and an increase in the amount of protein. DNA, RNA and folate to achieve 4.3 mg/gm,
23.311, 221,888, 1.2μgm fresh weight respectively after 60 days of leaf calli growth. These changes
in growth indicators reflect on differentiation of stem calli to a group of white roots with dense root
سارة نزار غانم و ساجدة عزيز عبود
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hairs after 35 days of stem explants exposure to 10 min. While leaf calli stimulated to form a
number of vegetative branches after 50 days of exposure to 20 min. All shoots were rooted easily in
hormone free medium. Plants continued to grow to form sunflower disks after 50 days of rooting
process and growth

The quality of Wady Al-Kharrzi wastewater which is considered as one of sources of Tigris
river pollution in Mosul city have been investigated, Concentrations of Lead and Zinc tests of
wastewater and plant samples which were taken from different sites of the Wady have been
conducted to know the degree of contamination and the role of Phragmatis australis in
phytoremediation.
The results indicated high concentration of the elements Pb and Zn either in the Wady
wastewater (384, 119) ug. L-1 or leaves and stems tissues of Phragmatis australis, which reached
to (4.992, 0.719 ) and (7.304, 3.594) ug. Gm-1 dry weight respectively. Also, significant selfpurification
were noted along the Wady wastewater flow, through the role of phytoremediation of
the aquatic plants, with Biological accumulation coefficient of Pb and Zn in stem tissues get to
(31.34- 36.33) respectively.

Seven varieties of hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) JAWAHIR-20, REYNA-27,
ACHTAR, REBWAH-12, REBWAH-12, Ibaa 99 and Abo-Gharaib and their full dialed crosses
were used in this study. Grains of parental varieties and their hybrids were planted at the college of
Agricultural and Forestry University of Mosul using randomized complete block design with four
replications, during the growing season (2013-2014), depending on rain fed conditions. Genetical
analysis was performed to determine the genetic systems for each of plant height, Number of spikes
per plant, biological yield, grain yield, weight of (100) grains and number of grains per spike, and
also to estimate, genetical variance components average degree of dominance, heritability.
منال عبد المطلب الحيالي و نجيب قاقوس يوسف
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Estimation of genetical parameters ratios indicated that there were different degrees of dominance
on the studied traits, and irregular distributions of dominat and receive allels among parents for all
traits except for (100) grains weight. There were three groups of dominant genes controlled for
(100) grains weight and one for other traits. the broad sense heritability estimate were low for 100
grains weight and height for other traits, however narrow sense heritability estimates were: low for
number of spikes, grain yield, and medium for others traits.

The research includes studying of some heavy metals and metal elements in amniotic fluid for
pregnant associated with high blood pressure, which includes these metals: Lead (Pb),
Cadmium(Cd), Chromium(Cr), Aluminum(Al), and essential metals for Magnesium(Mg),
Calcium(Ca), Zinc(Zn), Iron(Fe), Copper(Cu) and Manganese(Mn). The study was done in Mosul
city on (75) samples that had hypertension, and (78) with healthy pregnancies as control group, the
age of pregnant women with hypertension and control group ranged from (16-45) year, then
specimens divided into three age groups: The first group (16-25) year, the second group
(26-35) year and the third group (36-45) year.
The results showed that there was a significant increase in heavy metals in pregnant women
associated with high blood pressure in the levels of Pb, Cd, Cr and Al compared with the group of
normal pregnant women, as well as a significant increase in the levels of essential metals of Cu and
Fe and a significant decrease in levels: Mg, Ca, Zn and Mn.
Moreover, it was noted that there is a significant increase in the levels of heavy metals for Pb,
Cd and Cr in pregnant women smokers with the pressure associated with pregnant women
compared to non-smokers group and a significant decrease in essential metals for both Zn and Mn
levels.

In this study, the effect of using photovoltaic light diffusers on the performance of the solar
simulator has been demonstrated, which consists of a 20-watt halogen lamp combined with white,
green, and blue light emitting diodes of high-power capacities, which has been arranged in this research
work so that the halogen lamp is centrally positioned on the unit of the solar simulator and the light
emitting diodes distributed regularly around it, where the solar simulator consists of eight solar
simulator units. The optical system of the solar simulator include: light diffusers, lenses and filters for
the purpose of obtaining better spatial uniformity. The outer structure is built so that the source height
is made to be adjustable to control the power light intensity. The spatial uniformity is the main
parameters in the development of a solar simulator to obtain the best match for solar radiation in the
70 طه مصطفى خضر و عبدالله إدريس مصطفى
laboratory environment and to meet the international standard (IEC 60904-9), where the class (A) has
been achieved according to this standard. This study presents a practical investigation of the effect of
photovoltaic light diffusers on the spatial distribution of the intensity of the radiation produced by the
halogen lamp solar simulator with a set of high-energy light-emitting diodes consisting of nine solar
simulators.

ABSTRACT
In this study, the effect of the CMEs and the sunspots on the parameter TEC of the
ionospheric layer for the earth atmosphere has been achieved for solar cycle 24 ( Rising phase, peak
and part of the down phase). 110 solar events of halo type with CAP 360º were analyzed for the
years (2009-2016), data were extracted from LASCO system and ERNE system on board SOHO,
while the SSN related to some cycle 24 were extracted from (Silso). The values of TEC parameters
Laith Y. Yaseen
Department of Physics/ College of Education
for Pure Science/ University of Mosul
Wafaa H. Ali
Department of Physics/ College of Science/
University of Kirkuk
82 وفاء حسن علي و ليث ياسر ياسين
of ionosphere above Iraq were calculated through the mathematical method of dependent equations.
All of these parameters were statistically analyzed using the statistical program (SPSS statistics 23.0
IBM), and according to the statistical results for this study, it has been found that there is a weak
relation between the energy and the velocity of CMEs with TEC, while there was a strong relation
between the SSN and the TEC of the ionosphere layer.

In this research a study of the effect of aging factor on behavior of binding fatigue of resin
(Dia Ethylene Bisphenol Epoxy-A) which is reinforced by adding volume ratio (33.3%) of (SiO2)
powder and (44.4%) of (Al) powder, those samples were kept under open conservation condition
for different time periods (2,4,6) years. Fatigue test was conducted for unreinforcement and
reinforcement samples. The results have shown that there are an improvement in fatigue life in
reinforcement matrix and this improvement depend on the nature of reinforcement material. and
the results have shown that the efficiency of fatigue life for unreinforcement and reinforcement
matrix is decreased with increasing age of aging and the matrix which is reinforced by (SiO2)
powder be less sensitive from matrix which is reinforced by (Al) powder and both are less sensitive
from unreinforcement matrix . Finally, the results show that the damage to the material is the type
of quantitative damage and that is likely to be the matrix is responsible of such damage