Journal of Education for Humanities

This research aims to study the challenging verses contained in the Holy Qur’an, from a rhetorical and semantic point of view, in order to highlight the arts, declarative methods, and pleasant meanings in them, and to show the aspects of difference or agreement in them that distinguish them from other verses.
The study consisted of two sections: The first was about the rhetorical and semantic secrets of the challenge verses, and the second was about the aspects of agreement and differences between those verses.
The researcher followed the descriptive and analytical approach to the text, to reach results, the most important of which are:
The strength of the connection between the challenging verses and the opening of the surahs contained in them. We find that three of them opened their surahs with disjointed letters indicating that the Qur’an is miraculous with its words, their arrangement, and their composition, even though they are composed of those letters known to the Arabs. The verse of the Night Journey was devoid of that oath, and for this reason it was designated with an oath at the beginning of the verse. As for the verse of Al-Tur, the surah opened with an oath with a book. God Almighty frankly, without exaggeration or innuendo.
Then the verses of challenge were distinguished and agreed upon in the selection of precise and precise words in all of them, which fulfilled their general purpose, which is the challenge and miracle of the Holy Qur’an, including: (So they came), which indicates the inability of the addressees to come up with something like the Holy Qur’an in wording, composition, and harmony, and the collective expression (Call upon). Evidence of the completeness of the challenge and its generalization to all creatures, whether humans or jinn, Arabs or non-Arabs, few or many.

This research addresses some grammatical and morphological aspects that Abu Hayyan questioned the permissibility of in \\\\\\\\"Al-Bahr Al-Muheet\\\\\\\\" due to the lack of evidence from the speech of the Arabs. The study is structured into two sections, preceded by an introduction and a prelude, and followed by a conclusion that includes the most important findings of the research.
The researcher relied on the descriptive-analytical method in studying this issue.
Among the main objectives was to verify the necessity of these aspects requiring evidence from the speech of the Arabs.
One of the most significant findings was the acceptance of requiring evidence for certain aspects that need it, and rejecting it for clear and evident aspects.

The current research aims to identify the effect of the fishbow strategy in providing fourth-grade students with some teaching skills in the subject of practical education and their inclination towards the teaching profession. Its sample consisted of (44) male and female students, with (21) male and female students for the experimental group and (23) male and female students for the control group. From the Department of History at the College of Basic Education for the academic year (2023-2024), the researchers prepared two tools. The first: an observation form that included three teaching skills (formulating and directing questions, diversifying stimuli, and using teaching techniques) and in its final form it consisted of (20) items and with four distributed alternatives. On three skills. The second: It was represented by a measure of inclination towards the teaching profession, which in its final form consisted of (38) items. The results were analyzed statistically using the statistical package (Spss).
The two researchers reached the following results
1- There is a statistically significant difference at the level of (0.05) between the average grades of the experimental group who studied according to the aquarium strategy and the average grades of the control group who studied according to the normal method in the practical education subject, in favor of the experimental group.
2- There is a statistically significant difference at the level of (0.05) between the average scores of the experimental group who studied according to the fishbowl strategy and the average scores of the control group who studied according to the usual method in the tendency toward the teaching profession, which is in favor of the experimental group.
The two researchers came up with a set of conclusions and recommendations, in addition to proposing a set of future research.

The study aimed to reveal the degree of availability of requirements (administrative, human, and technical) for the application of e-governance in the academic departments of the College of Education and Arts at the University of Tabuk from the point of view of faculty members, and the study population consisted of (224) faculty members in the College of Education and Arts at the main headquarters at the University of Tabuk in its two parts, while the study sample consisted of (142) faculty members, and the descriptive survey approach was used for the study.
The results of the study found that the degree of availability of the requirements for the application of e-governance in the academic departments of the College of Education and Arts in the three dimensions (administrative requirements, human requirements, and technical requirements) in general was (medium). And that the degree of availability of human requirements came in first place with an arithmetic average (2.87), and that the degree of availability of administrative requirements came in second place with an arithmetic average (2.82), and that the degree of availability of technical requirements came in third place with an arithmetic average (2.78),There were no statistically significant differences from the level of significance (α≥0.01) between the average response of the study sample on the degree of availability of e-governance requirements in the academic departments of the Faculty of Education and Arts at the University of Tabuk, due to the variable (scientific rank, gender).
Based on the findings of the study, the study recommends that the College of Education and Arts intensify the work of applying e-governance in its departments, focus on human requirements and availability, and provide the necessary support to achieve its requirements.

This study aims to elucidate the impact of topography on the distribution and concentration of rural settlements and populations in Duhok Governorate. It examines the spatial behavior of rural inhabitants, focusing on distribution patterns and population density, and identifies geographical factors influencing this spread. Using Geographic Information Systems (GIS), the study classifies Duhok\\'s land into eight units based on USDA\\'s soil conservation methodology, ranging from relatively obstacle-free areas to those with high elevations and steep slopes. Employing analytical and quantitative methods, the study finds an inverse relationship between elevation and settlement distribution; as elevation increases, the number of villages and inhabitants decreases. This trend is evident across different topographical categories.

The research deals with the study of tables in the palaces of princes and caliphs in Andalusia, and the great attention that was given to the art of hospitality, cooking and preparing tables in that era, by focusing on the skills of cooks who were considered \\"princes of tables\\" and how to organize and serve food on important occasions. The research also sheds light on the methods that were used to decorate and coordinate tables in a way that reflects the level of sophistication and luxury in those palaces. The research also presents the tools and utensils used in the kitchens, which had unique designs and were influenced by local and oriental arts.
The research includes five main sections: the first deals with the role of the cook in the palaces and how to organize his work, the second focuses on the ceremonies of honor at dining tables. The third section sheds light on the tools used in Andalusian kitchens, while the fourth section discusses raw materials and methods of preserving them to ensure the provision of the best foods. In the last section, the method of preparing and arranging tables to present food in a manner befitting the status of the caliphs, princes and their guests is discussed.

The present study seeks to clarify interdisciplinarity between the narrative analysis of superstition and the science of hadith, as articulated in the Encyclopedia of Arab Narrative by Abdullah Ibrahim. This research is guided by a fundamental question: To what extent has interdisciplinarity between the narrative analysis of superstition and the science of hadith facilitated methodological integration? The methodological approach employed in this study is the criticism of criticism, with analytical tools derived from the works of Taha Abdul Rahman. The results proved that there is interdisciplinarity between the narrative analysis of superstition and the science of hadith across two dimensions: content and mechanisms. Regarding content, Abdullah Ibrahim concluded that there is an overlap between hadiths and superstition, stemming from selective interpretation of Arab heritage. In terms of mechanisms, Abdullah Ibrahim employed the mechanism of definition, the mechanism of induction, the mechanism of communication, the mechanism of attribution, and the mechanism of consideration. Despite the importance of employing these mechanisms in the analysis in accordance with the Arab-Islamic cultural and pragmatic context, Abdullah Ibrahim in some of his narrative analyses deviated from this context, influenced by the concept of superstition in the West, and influenced by the concepts of historicism and humanisation of sacred texts, and the analysis was partly in conflict with this context that affects the narrative phenomenon, which may indicate that interdisciplinarity here did not achieve methodological integration.

The study seeks to reveal the interrogative style in the poem (I and Mosul) by the poet Haider Mahmoud Abdul Razzaq and the extent to which it departs from its true meaning to other meanings (metaphorical); due to the strong influence of the interrogative style in deepening the significance of the poetic discourse, preparing the reader and involving him in knowing the reasons for those questions, in addition to the harmony of the interrogative style with the poet\\'s motive in expressing what is going on in his mind of mental and sensory ideas, and his ability to contain emotional feelings and private aspirations.
The research begins with an introduction in which the meaning of the interrogative is clarified and its importance, and a brief biography of the poet Haider Mahmoud Abdul Razzaq, to move to the heart of the research entitled (Interrogative connotations and purposes), which is the presentation of the poetic verses that included the connotations of the interrogative style and the statement of the meaning to which it departed, and linking it to the context in which it appeared, which are (1- sadness, pain and regret 2- reporting 3- confusion 4- news and investigation 5- contempt).

The rule of predominance is one of the legislative rules adopted by commentators of hadith in explaining the rulings of the Prophet’s hadiths. It is a rule considered by jurists, scholars, and jurists. Anyone who follows the texts of the Prophet’s Sunnah will find that this rule has a major role in understanding the concept of giving priority to dealing with people over acts of worship in the arrangement of reward and punishment. It has been stated clearly. There are some prophetic texts with this important concept, including the hadith of the bankrupt who brings prayer, fasting, and zakat, but he did not take into account the rights of the people in many of his transactions, so that treatment was a reason for the loss of his good deeds, to the point that he was likened to the bankrupt. On the other hand, there are prophetic texts that indicate the moral side prevails over the worship side. Such as the hadith of the closest of you to me in meeting, the most good of you in morals, and the story of the man about whom the Prophet, peace and blessings of God be upon him, said that he would be among the people of Paradise, and it appeared that he achieved this good news through his peace of heart with people, etc., so this research came to clarify this concept through the rule of prevailing.

The purpose of the judiciary is to establish justice and curb injustice so the judiciary right and justice of the most honorable worship and the most important Islamic obligations after faith in God is justice states and continue and achieve the happiness of the nation Justice is the basis of urbanization and injustice is the cause of its ruin so the goal of the judiciary access rights to its people and remove the evils The judiciary is one of the most important means of the state in suppressing the oppressor and supporting the oppressed and cutting off rivalries and establishing borders and delivering rights to its people, and there is no doubt that the adoption of the judiciary on the Book of God and the Sunnah of His Prophet () Ensures the accuracy and validity of judgments, and with the development of society, the sources of judicial legislation have increased, by relying on diligence and measurement, and the importance of the judiciary in achieving justice in society has been addressed in this research.

The study aimed to identify the perceptions of physics teachers, both male and female, towards employing artificial intelligence applications in teaching physics at the secondary level in the Mosul city, and the challenges of applying artificial intelligence during the teaching process. The study followed the descriptive survey method, and the research community consisted of all physics teachers for the secondary level in the city of Mosul, while the study sample consisted of (114) male and female teachers. To achieve the research objectives, the researcher prepared a questionnaire that was designed according to three axes, which are the level of knowledge and skill possessed by physics teachers in employing artificial intelligence applications, the importance of employing artificial intelligence in teaching, and the challenges of using artificial intelligence applications. The questionnaire consisted of 22 paragraphs with three alternatives (to a large degree, to a moderate degree, and to a weak degree). The questionnaire was distributed to the research sample and after collecting data and information and analyzing them statistically using the SPSS statistical program, and finding the validity and reliability of the questionnaire paragraphs through the Pearson correlation coefficient and the reliability coefficient Cronbach\\'s alpha, the study concluded:

The current study aims to identify the requirements for activating e-learning and developing its methodologies and teaching strategies to keep pace with change, improvement and development based on the Fourth Industrial Revolution, and keeping pace with the needs of the digital age, through the developmental analytical approach by linking teaching requirements and artificial intelligence software and applications. The advantages of strategies for activating e-learning are the preparation of an interactive educational program, continuous training, procedures, and rules to regulate the characteristics of the digital classroom environment, an attractive environment for students, arouse curiosity, provide a meaningful experience, build a strategic plan, self-learning, self-discovery, and pride in the results. As for the second question, the study proposed educational ways to activate e-learning, adopting critical thinking and active participation, providing flexible educational curricula, encouraging online research, cooperative learning, effective communication, dialogue, self-learning, skills development, and game-based learning. As for the third question, it deals with the suggested educational ways to activate e-learning from the viewpoint of specialists and experts to an appropriate degree. In the light of the results of previous studies and according to the researcher\\'s vision, the current study presented recommendations to be applied and demonstrated in our institutions, including Employing smart applications in education to reduce the burden on the teacher, preparing models that match students\\' levels, answering directly to their inquiries, focusing on promising teaching strategies, and developing creative, innovative, and pioneering thinking

raise be to Allah, who has blessed His servants with the gift of intellect and thought, through which we perceive truths and distinguish between good and evil. Peace and blessings be upon Muhammad, who illuminated for us the path of guidance, and upon his family, companions, and those who follow them in righteousness until the Day of Judgment.
Allah, the Almighty, has honored humankind by bestowing upon them intellect and the ability to think, through which they enhance their lives, bring goodness to themselves, and ward off harm, for it is the basis of responsibility.
Thinking is an obligation upon Muslims, as evidenced by the numerous verses and forms in the Quran that indicate the necessity of thinking. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) also emphasized the importance of reflection and contemplation in several of his hadiths.
The Prophet (peace be upon him) was a model to be followed in the use of intellect, and he developed his companions\\\\' thinking using various methods of creative thinking. He employed different approaches to convey ideas and Islamic rulings to them. The clearer the methods used to stimulate thinking, the easier it was to convey the idea and ensure its lasting presence in their minds.
Therefore, through this research, I aim to highlight a set of methods the Prophet (peace be upon him) used to develop his companions\\\\' thinking. The research includes an introduction, two chapters, a conclusion, and recommendations to enrich the study.
In conclusion, we ask the Almighty to make this a source of benefit for us on the Day of Judgment, a day when neither wealth nor children will benefit, except for those who come to Allah with a pure heart.

The description is an important technique of the art of fiction and overlaps with the place and characters and other elements of the story to give them dimensions and assess with them different relationships, The story collection ( East Café ) for Abdulwahhab Al-Dabbagh has many descriptive features, in terms of form and expression, This research aims to define the concept of narrative description in theory and then deals with models of the dynamics of description within the stories of the mentioned group, According to a methodology based on the analysis based on the selection of diverse models, which embodies a complete picture of the description and its effectiveness in the story of Abdul Wahab Al-Dabbagh in this collection of stories. This is done by addressing specific types of descriptive binaries that we have seen in Dabbagh\\'s stories such as (classification description, descriptive description) and (subjective discerption, self-description) and (simple description, complex discerption).
The research was based on an analytical study of the description through contrasting binary descriptive to highlight the aesthetic and artistic values of the description and its relation to other narrative elements such as place, characters and events.

Islam is the source of all the foundations, rules and regulations that protect man in all aspects, protecting his religion, his soul, his mind, his money and his honor. It is certainly a way of life that aims to advance all that humanity has to offer. Therefore, the state has imposed rights on the poor, the sick, the widow and the disabled, even if they are not Muslims. The best example of this is the famous story, when Caliph Omar bin Al-Khattab (may God be pleased with him) imposed a right from the treasury of the Muslims for the disabled, blind Christian, and provided him with a salary from the treasury. It seems that Islam includes everything that social security means, even if it does not mention it explicitly as a term.

This study addresses the role of rhythm in the poetics of the text, and its impact on the internal structure of poetic mastery music, through the poem titled Al-Hikam by Abu Al-Fath Al-Basti. We have arrived at a poetic rhythm, which tempts the recipient towards reading the text, analyzing it, and concluding its true meaning, musically and semantically. Poetics would not be achieved without the rhythm that His and his job are citizens in.

The modern and contemporary history of Iraq witnessed no military figures who held high positions in the army and aspired to hold the highest political positions in the country, taking advantage of the weakness of political leaders and their conflict among themselves over positions. As a result, the phenomenon of military transitions against political rule emerged, and in opposition to these circumstances, both Abd al-Razzaq al-Nayef and Ibrahim emerged. The Davidians who set their sights on,
They occupied the highest political positions in the country, taking advantage of the weakness of the government and the spread of corruption within its corridors, thus cooperating with yesterday’s enemies, the Baath Party, in order to achieve their goal, which they achieved on July 17, 1968.

The theory of semantic fields have attracted the attention of those interested in modern linguistics, and the linguistic lexicon is a good place to study this theory, because it is based on determining the single meaning in ascribing the words to their semantic fields. The Arabic lexicon gives flexibility in selecting the semantic fields and collecting the words which is semantically related to the general titles of the field. We have chosen Lisan al-\'Arab by Ibn Manzur (d.711 A.H) for it is considered an original dictionary in the linguistic research , and it handles the words of the language. It depends on five previous dictionaries. Hence, it is regarded as one of the complete dictionaries. The research depends in numerating the words indicating injustice in Lisan al-\'Arab, tracing the semantic border which is connected with the title of the field on the one hand and its connection with injustice being the axis of the semantic fields. Injustice is misplacing the thing or moving away from the intention.

The research aims to identify teaching according to the Cosgrove model in developing positive thinking for tenth grade science students in mathematics. The research sample consisted of (73) tenth grade science students who were randomly selected and divided equally into two groups, one of which was an experimental group consisting of (38) students and the other a control group consisting of (35) students. The researcher conducted equivalence between the two groups in a number of variables. The researcher prepared a scale for positive thinking and its final form consisted of (28) paragraphs and was characterized by validity, discrimination and stability. After collecting the data and analyzing it statistically using appropriate statistical methods such as Pearson\'s correlation coefficient and the (t-test) test for two independent samples and reviewing it using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) program, the researcher reached the following results:
1- There were statistically significant differences at the level of (0.05) between the average scores of positive thinking among members of the experimental group who study according to the Cosgrove model, and members of the control group who study according to the usual method, in favor of the members of the experimental group.
2- There are statistically significant differences at the level (0.05) between the average scores of positive thinking among members of the experimental group who are taught according to the Cosgrove model, in the pre- and post-applications, and in favor of the post-application.
3- There are statistically significant differences at the level of (0.05) between the average scores of positive thinking among members of the control group who study according to the usual method, in the pre- and post-applications, and in favor of the post-application.
In light of the research results, the researcher presented a number of conclusions and recommendations, recommending staying away from everything that is stereotypical and traditional, which reduces and limits students’ abilities in the education process. As well as suggestions for future research, which effectively proposes the Cosgrove model of achievement or logical thinking.

This research deals with the title of critical books when Arab critics of a narrative nature, and the importance of the title as a communication tool between the author and the reader, it is a contextual structure that has its semantic authority illusionary and identified between scientific and artistic, and the title narrative here is a pattern of tendency patterns The storyteller, which suggests that it combines poetic and narrative vocabulary, is used by the critic to address his books and by it moves the reader from direct to coding and from report to suggestion, and the research
Also tries to reveal this labeling through its cultural dimension, and answers the cultural references to this addressing, which critics deliberately design to address their critical books with a narrative artistic character, bypassing its superficial dimension to its deep dimensions and cultural references.

Cinematic techniques have been among the most influential artistic tools impacting the art of poetry, owing to their effective role in understanding reality and presenting intricate issues with optimal approaches while directing their profound meanings. A strong connection has emerged between cinematic direction in showcasing images and scenes and the method of presenting poetic imagery and organizing extended textual segments. The texts of pioneering poets were characterized by length and complexity, aiming to address the intricate and challenging issues of their era. Consequently, contemporary poets employed techniques such as visual representation, poetic direction, monologue, dialogue, screenplay, and mechanisms of dramatic formation. These modern stylistic structures have enabled poets to embed complex issues, profound poetic visions, and multifaceted meanings into their works. Thus, dramatic and cinematic art provided poets with the sought-after intricate poetic frameworks, reflecting the complexities of the modern era. Among these frameworks is cinematic montage, which has become a prominent poetic tool for organizing extended textual scenes and aligning their semantic and intellectual sequences within the poetic structure. Cinematic montage, regarded as one of the most significant stylistic tools for creative writers, supports the narrative of dramatic events and the construction, connection, and synthesis of their extended and complex visual works. These works, composed of several independent narrative units distinct in thought and structure, are sequentially connected and unified within a cohesive temporal framework in the overall cinematic production. This unity aligns with the organic coherence characteristic of dramatic productions.

This study aimed to show the formulas of grammatical Fnqlat , which is one of the most well-known approaches and is based on introducing problems and then providing answers, to demonstrate the formulas of rhetorical questions (fanqlah) as stated by Ibn al-Sarraj in his book in his book “al-Uṣūl fī al-naḥw ” (Origins in Grammar), as well as the statement of its purposes and the its impact of the latecomer.
The researcher reached a set of results, most notably: that Ibn al-Sarraj used different formulas in the Fnqlat (Questions), and also in their suitable answer, depending on the spatial requirements.
The researcher recommends the study of grammatical f Fnqlat when Ibn al-Sarraj in his book Origins in Grammar an applied study and collected, for their abundance and diversity and different purposes.

Physical education is one of the sciences that aims to change behavior positively through participation in motor activities, and this responsibility lies on the shoulders of physical education teachers, so it is necessary to increase their qualifications to enrich the education system in general, and the physical education teacher must be a worker in line with the contemporary education methodology and realize the education process related to his specialization and must also have many qualifications that support his field of work, this study aims to identify the predictive impact of the use of means Technology and professional competence on the levels of job satisfaction of physical education teachers. The study sample consisted of (116) physical education teachers from the schools of Nineveh Governorate, the teachers\' self-efficacy scale and the job satisfaction scale were used in the study. Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation analysis and hierarchical regression analysis were used for the analysis. The results showed a statistically significant correlation between the use of technological means and the level of job satisfaction, and showed the contribution of professional competence to the level of satisfaction Career (16%) The researcher concluded that teachers feel more professionally competent when they use technological means related to their field of work, and they also have a higher level of job satisfaction. The researcher recommends conducting similar studies in different disciplines.

Islamic preachers, like preachers of other religions, employ copious persuasive techniques to convince mosquegoers and adherents of other religions to embrace the tenets, ideas, and concepts they cleave to. This paper examined the techniques used in one of the Kurdish Friday sermons and explained the reasons why these techniques were utilized. Further, the study cast light on the frequency of the persuasive strategies and identified which technique was used most or least often. To accomplish this, a 33-minute Kurdish sermon delivered by a well-known Kurdish preacher called Mullah Mohammad Faeeq Sharazoori was investigated using the framework provided by Johnstone (1989). As the analysis revealed, Sharazoori heavily employed two distinct strategies: quasilogical and presentational strategies, with the analogical strategy being the third most prevalent persuasive strategy used in the sermon. The findings also showed that the deixis technique, which is subsumed under the category of presentational strategy, was the most widely employed, aimed at arousing a sense of inclusion and solidarity with the listeners. Rhetorical questions and hypophora, two techniques of the quasilogical strategy, were the second most incorporated techniques in the sermon utilized by the aforesaid preacher to draw his audience’s attention to cogitate on their deeds as well as the significance of making supplication to God. The preacher resorted to applying these techniques to build an intimate relationship with the mosquegoers, aiming to convince them to embrace the messages presented in the sermon. Emotional appeal, logical reasoning, and the use of old narratives and traditional wisdom were important strategies utilized for building the intended relationship and delivering the message.

Some Pedagogical (syntactic and / or semantic) rules appeared beyond doubt to be unreliable in identifying the indeterminate number of sequences of adjectives and detecting reasons behind their use. Therefore, it is assumed that adjective sequencing is part and parcel of patterns of individual behavior; hence, of personal preference and choice. An individual language user, for example, may give two different sequences of adjectives for communicating the same message at two different times; and this definitely reflects the relativity of the human cognition. Consequently, pragmatic knowledge, rather than static linguistic parameters, is required to infer what is intended to be communicated through what ordering of adjectives. In other words, the global context has the most influential effect in determining the writer’s choice of the most preferred adjective patterns that better embody his / her explicit and /or implicit intention(s) and the reader’s/translator’s “expectations that follow from that knowledge”(Mey, 1993: 27).