Al-Bahir Journal for Engineering and Pure Sciences

Wood-polymer composites (WPCs) combine the properties of wood and polymers. Creating composites involves
adding plant or wood fibers as fillers to a polymer matrix. This study used mahogany and mango wood sawdust as
reinforcement materials, while high-density polyethylene (HDPE) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) were used as matrices.
The investigated data in this study comprises four different (10, 20, 30, and 40) weight percentages (wt%) of mahogany
and mango sawdust paired with corresponding wt% (90, 80, 70, and60) of HDPE and PVC matrices. The extrusion
method produced composites with different amounts of sawdust and polymer matrices. Wood polymer composites were
characterized by examining their mechanical properties, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was employed to
analyze their morphology. The results showed that the maximum tensile strength was obtained from the 20% for both
sawdust composites. The ultimate tensile strength was recorded at 15.28 MPa for Mahogany sawdust-HDPE (Mh-HDPE)
composite, whereas the Mahogany sawdust-PVC (Mh-PVC) exhibited the lowest tensile strength at 2.38 MPa. In
addition, HDPE-based composite shows higher tensile strength (11.56 MPa) with Mango sawdust than PVC-based
composites (2.28 MPa). Tensile strength, and impact strength of the fabricated composites were also assessed by ASTM
standards. The maximum impact strength was obtained at 10wt% of sawdust for all four composites investigated in this
study. It was also observed that impact strength significantly decreased with the increase of fiber percentage in the
composite. These results demonstrated the highest mechanical properties of the Mh-HDPE than the other composites,
which SEM further investigated. The morphological analyses confirmed uniform mixing of sawdust and polymer
matrices, evident by the absence of no pores, cavities, or voids in the prepared composites

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of storing uncured photopolymerized dental adhesive in a
magnetic field on their kinetics of polymerization and degree of conversion (DC%). Method: Vage Ortho Uv orthodontic
adhesive was used in this experiment. Under constant frequency (50 Hz), the applied magnetic field was used at two
different intensities (fixed at 0.01 T and 0.05 T) for 5 min each. Using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIRATR),
the degree of conversion (DC%) and polymerization kinetics were assessed. Results: There was a clear
improvement in the results when compared to the control, the DC% mean tends to increase as MF increases starting at
0.05 T. Conclusions: The DC% of the Vega ortho Uv assessed orthodontic adhesive is influenced by the MF. Uncured
orthodontic adhesive that has been exposed to MF for five minutes improves the changed bond angles or causes bond
elongations, both of which would cause molecular deformation

Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by elevated blood sugar levels. It manifests in different forms,
with type 1 and type 2 being the most prevalent. Type 1 diabetes results from the autoimmune destruction of insulinproducing
cells, whereas type 2 diabetes primarily stems from insulin resistance.
Despite advancements in treatment, accurate detection and prediction of diabetes remain challenging. Early diagnosis
is crucial for effective management and prevention of complications. Another obstacle lies in interpreting vast amounts
of health data, including DNA sequencing, which poses difficulties for healthcare professionals in identifying relevant
patterns and associations.
Artificial intelligence (AI) holds promise in healthcare by developing and training deep learning algorithms to analyze
health data and DNA sequences. The research paper focuses on applying both Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs)
algorithm, in addition to Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) algorithm for predicting types of diabetes based on DNA
sequencing. The study aims to leverage the power of CNN and LSTM, known for their proficiency in analyzing image
and sequence data, to accurately classify diabetes types.
The experimental results of the proposed CNN-LSTM model showcased remarkable performance, achieving a
recorded accuracy of 100% on a labeled dataset that included DNA sequencing and corresponding diabetes types. The
model's evaluation encompassed several metrics, including accuracy, recall, precision, and the F1 score

In the present study nickel oxide NiO thin films of thickness ranging about 250e350 nm which were prepared on glass
substrates by using chemical spray pyrolysis as a simple and low cost method. The impact of thickness and aqueous
solution molarity concentration on the crystal structure and optical characteristics were investigated. The results showed
that the deposited films is homogenous and have a good adherent to the glass substrates. The crystal structure results
showed that all films have polycrystalline in nature, of rock salt phase, and the preferential orientation is an along (111)
plane. The diffraction intensity was increased with the increase in spray solution concentration, leading to the
enhancement of the crystallinity and an increase in the crystallite size from 9.7 nm to 28.5 nm and reducing the dislocation
density from (104.3e12.2) £ 1016 line/m2. While the results of AFM results show that the grain size (D) enlarges
with increasing molarities concentration. Transmittance spectra confirm that the optical transmittance is of the direct
allowed type, while the value of transparency ranged from moderate to weak value and decrease when the spray solution
molar concentration and film thickness increases. Whereas the forbidden energy gap was decremented with the
increment of molarity concentration of spray solution and film thickness from 3.85 to 3.15 eV

Pressing powders and engineering materials is an innovative method for producing samples with a low cost and
multiple industrial applications. In the current article, copper metal was added in different volume ratios to a ceramic
material, alumina, for the purpose of improving the properties of alumina, by pressing with a hydraulic press. Where the
results of the article showed that the percentage of true porosity after sintering is from (26e13)% with a copper content of
(5%) to (25%). As for the apparent porosity after sintering, it decreased from (26e9)% at a copper content of (5e25)%,
while the water absorption was directly proportional to the real and apparent porosity. As for the results, the Vickers
hardness increased after sintering from(54e101)Kg/mm2 at a copper content of (5e25)%. As for after heat treatment, there
was a gradual increase in the resistance from (73e118)N/mm2 at a copper content of (5e25)%. As for the synthetic results
of SEM, the best consistency was at (25%) copper, and the X-ray diffraction results showed the emergence of new phases
that significantly strengthen the composites and improve the mechanical and structural properties And a clear
improvement during the crystalline structure, and thus we find that the appearance of the phase (CuAlO2) is characterized
by high durability and strength that hinders crystalline dislocations

Aluminum suffers from low hardness and some ductility when thermal sintering which requires reinforcement with
carbide or ceramic materials as Iron FeC with volumetric properties (2,4,6,8,10)%. For purpose of the pressing process
after mixing the two powder together, a scanning electron microscope examination performed for the prepared samples
and found that there is a surface and structural consistency between aluminum and iron carbide and the best homogeneity
is at10% of carbide. Also some physical tests conducted for prepared samples and the results of the real density
showed that the addition of iron carbide increases the density gradually and the highest density is 4.01 g/cm3 at a
cementing ratio of 10% and after thermal sintering at 600 C for two hours, the real porosity was obtained and under the
same conditions by 9% while the water absorption was 0.583% the mechanical properties at the same conditions was the
hardness 460Hv, the diagonal compressive strength 110 MPa, the wear was 2 £ 10¡8 g/cm, while the results of the
electron microscope cleared that the ratio 10% is the best proportion in consistency with the surface and the external
composition of the pistons in the terms of the least defects and pores. Therefore the ideal conditions were the reinforcement
ratio 10%FeC at thermal sintering 600 C for two hours only

Microextraction technique (e.g., solid phase microextraction, thin film microextraction, in-tube extraction) brings a
revolutionary change in air sampling techniques over the recent few years. This advanced technique exhibits a high
pollutant extraction rate, a low retention time, and a lower error margin compared to conventional air sampling techniques.
The accuracy range of microextraction technique (MET) was recorded ~90e95% to isolate the volatile organic
components, oxygenated and halogenated carbon particles from the air. However, the efficiency of MET increases
additional >3e5% when employed by coupled with gas chromatography or gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The
conventional sampling techniques (e.g., bag sampling, grab sampling) on the other hand, displayed the accuracy of
~75e80% which is ~20% lower than MET. The factors that potentially affect the performance of both conventional and
MET were thoroughly investigated in this study. For instance, it was observed that the quality of needle coating used in
MET significantly affects the pollutant trapping and at least ~5% of total performance cut off due to damaged and
corroded coating. In addition, smart sensor-based air sampling techniques are also being investigated as this technique is
a recent development in air quality monitoring. This fully automated state-of-the-art technology shows more than 98%
accuracy with significantly high sensitivity and pollutant extraction rate. Finally, this investigation distinguishes the
potential advantages, disadvantages, and challenges to increase accuracy between advanced and conventional sampling
techniques, drawing attention to the urgent need to improve the performance of the air sampling techniques investigated
in this study.