Iraqi Journal of Medical and Health Sciences

Background: Polyamide denture base material is a commonly used material in dentistry for making removable dentures. However, it is prone to fracture and requires repair. The traditional repair methods involve the use of acrylic resins, which can lead to a decrease in the tensile strength of the repaired material.
Objective of study: The goal of this study is to determine the tensile strength of polyamide denture base material that has been rebuilt using flexible material and various processing processes. (manual heating, reinjection and spruing).
Materials and Methods: A total of 50 samples were produced from a total of 50 acrylic resins for this study. Group one contains the positive control consisting of 10 specimens, and negative control group, which were tested for tensile strength 10 with fracture both 20 specimens without addition fusing material. three groups of 10 specimens for each were formed from the thirty specimens that had been repaired by manual heating, reinjection and spruing these groups were treated by surface Russian treatment (evidsum fusing material) after that sample preparation, curing and finishing and polishing process. The tensile strength specimens were tested by instron machine.
Results: The findings of the present study indicated highly significant differences among means of the tensile strength for different Russia's processing techniques. The highest mean value of Tensile Strength was (23.813 ± 3.390 mpa) for C1(control without repairing), and the lowest mean value was (5.657 ± 0.715 mpa), for C2(control with repairing).
Conclusion: The use of flexible material and processing techniques has a significant impact on the tensile strength of repaired polyamide denture base material. The incorporation of flexible materials such as thermoplastic nylon can improve the flexibility and fracture resistance of the repaired denture base. Additionally, re-injection nylon repair (RiNR) processing technique promotes the adhesion and highest value of tensile strength.

Background: Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is the presence of kidney dysfunctions less than sixty (ml/min) of the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) per 1.73 square meters that has prolonged for at least three months; it is widespread and affects over 10% of individuals worldwide.
Objective of Study: The objective of this study was to assess how well the kidney function indicators cystatin C, apolipoprotein A, and apolipoprotein B functioned in people with CKD.
Materials and Methods: In this study cystatin C, apolipoprotein A, apolipoprotein B, creatinine, urea, and uric acid levels were determined. A total of 150 samples of blood, which were gathered from one hundred patients who had chronic kidney disease aged between 20 and 69 years and fifty healthy subjects as controls aged between 23 and 67 years, at the medical City-Baghdad hospital/Iraq during the period from December 2022 to April 2023. Cystatin C, apolipoprotein A, and apolipoprotein B were evaluated by using an enzymatic linked absorption assay (Sandwich Elisa), and the assessments of urea, creatinine, and uric acid were accomplished with apparatus Cobas c111.
Results: Patients with chronic kidney disease had highly significantly raised levels of cystatin C, apolipoprotein B levels, serum creatinine, urea, and uric acid in comparison with the control group (P-value = 0.000). In contrast, the apolipoprotein A levels in the patient groups were considerably lower than in the control group (P-value = 0.000).
Conclusion: In conclusion, cystatin C and apolipoprotein B levels were elevated with kidney dysfunction, while a reduction of apolipoprotein A levels may be used as an indicator of probable risk for individuals with chronic kidney disease (CKD).

Background: Aptamers, oligos-based (ssDNA or RNA) and peptide-based, are now emerging as the first-choice biomolecules in various applications in medicine and biology. DNA aptamers selection process includes repeatable steps of DNA amplification and digestion. The amplification process of the enriched DNA aptamers includes using PCR.
Objective of study: In this article, we sought to describe an efficient and robust method that corrects or permanently removes the PCR by–products during the cycles of DNA aptamers selection.
Materials and Methods: Our method is simple, efficient, and requires no enzymatic treatment. In this method, we applied repetitive cycles of thermal treatment to the enriched aptamers final products during the enrichment cycles. The procedure starts with loading the PCR-induced DNA on 1% agarose gel to evaluate the presence of ladder-like DNA or smearing band-like DNA. Next, we cut and purified these by–products and applied thermal treatment. The thermal treatment was by heating the DNA to 65ºC for 10 minutes and then cool them down to 20ºC for 1 minute.
Results: PCR artifacts evaluation has been revealed two types of unwanted DNA sequences; the ladder-like and the smearing bands. The next–Generation illume sequencing specified the presence of long and short sequences. Upon the thermal treatment of the PCR products, the next–generation illume sequencing method results showed that the longer sequences and the shorter sequences of the DNA have been reduced considerably and effectively in the DNA pool over the cycles of the systemic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX) procedure. Furthermore, we could reduce the formation of the hetero–duplexes in the next cycles of (SELEX) procedure.
Conclusion: This method suggests practical and routine application to prevent or reduce DNA aptamer by–products during the selection process. This treatment could reduce the mis-shaped or irrelevant non-functional aptamers in SELEX procedure.

Background: It is acknowledged that 84% of cases of pain are related to the spine. In one instance, low back pain is reduced by the spinal adjustment technique, which is predicated on exerting external stresses on the shoulder and pelvis to twist the human spine. A deeper comprehension of the biomechanical behaviour of the typical lumbar spine in each lower trunk rotational position will yield important information that can be translated into improved physical treatment line.
Objective of study: The objective of this study was to utilize MRI to find how different lower trunk twisting positions influenced the extent of lower lumbar spine lateral flexion.
Materials and Methods: Sagittal T2 weighted Magnetic resonance images of fifteen males with healthy spine structures were collected in order to evaluate the consequences of right and left lumbar spine rotations on the extent of lateral flexion of their lower backs. The extent of the lateral flexion at each contiguous lower lumbar vertebrae was measured manually by using image J software.
Results: In proportion to the lower lumbar twisting positions, the extent of lateral flexion at the last three lumbar levels increased. At all twisting positions, the lateral flexion degree was greatest at fourth- fifth lumbar level. The mean differences of lateral flexion angle were significant only in the left twisting position at the fourth and fifth lumbar levels.
Conclusion: The extent of lateral flexion at all lower lumbar segments grew in synchrony with the lower lumbar twisting positions. fourth–fifth lumbar level had the largest lateral flexion angle. But only in the left rotational position did the effect become noticeable. Consequently, this level may be the primary target of manipulative therapy during treatment.

Background: Previous studies have shown that several antibiotics have significant side effects in addition to their antibacterial ones, which are indirectly mediated by altering and controlling the mediators of the immune system. The synthetic antibiotics fluoroquinolones (FQs) were discovered that fluoroquinolones (FQs) have an impact on humoral and cellular immunity. Typically, FQs only have their moderating effects when combined with another stimulant.
Conclusion: This review presented the suitability of fluoroquinolones for potential use in medicine in order to manage several infectious diseases. These FQs are highly effective antibiotics against the bacterial infections. They are therefore prone to misuse, which can result in patients experiencing unwanted side effects and the continued development of antibiotic resistance. Even though quinolones can be used empirically to treat patients in an outpatient setting, doctors still need to follow up with patients to make sure the course of antibiotics is completed and to confirm the success of the treatment. When culture and sensitivity data are available, patients should be switched to more focused antibiotics so that quinolones can be stopped. It is advisable for clinicians to use another antibiotic if a patient is at high risk for serious side effects. In order to discuss alternate antibiotics, confirm dosage, and find any drug-drug interactions, a pharmaceutical consultation may be beneficial. In order to prevent serious side effects from occurring when using quinolones, the patient and their healthcare providers should be informed by the pharmacist and the doctor. Physicians should exercise caution while treating life-threatening gram-positive infections with quinolone antibiotics, even if the more recent fluoroquinolones have demonstrated encouraging in vitro activity against gram-positive bacteria based on MIC data. Future quinolone efficacy is likely to be constrained by the ongoing abuse of these antibiotics in clinical care and agricultural feed, which will encourage gram-positive and gram-negative resistance.