Iraqi Journal of Medical and Health Sciences

Background: One of the most serious problems with silicone soft liners is that they cannot cling to the acrylic denture foundation. The peel test is an appropriate method for assessing the binding strength of soft liners to denture base resin because the forces that the lining material is clinically exposed to are closely linked to the peel and tear test.
Objective of study: Analyzing the impact of sandblasting on the soft liners' ability to adhere to denture base resins' peel bonds.
Materials and Methods: Forty samples 64 x 10x 3 mm (length, width, and thickness), respectively of heat-cured acrylic soft denture liner materials. According to the types of material used, 20 specimens for CAD/ CAM and other 20 for traditional acrylic denture base material were constructed. The specimens were subdivided into two main groups (control group and sandblasting group). CAD/CAM specimens were created by cutting Pre-polymerized PMMA blocks with an In Lab MC X5-miller for PMMA plastic burs.
Results: The results showed that the sandblast treatment produced a higher mean value of Peel strength for conventional acrylic specimens in comparison to control. An Independent t-test reveals no significant difference (P>0.05) between groups. For the CAD/CAM approach, the sandblast group produced the lowest mean value of peel bond strength. Additionally, significant differences (P<0.05) for the CAD /CAM were found between control groups.
Conclusion: Particularly in terms of their mechanical properties, CAD/CAM polymers outperform conventional resins. It should be noted that variations in the features may be caused by differences in the resins' composition as well as the production processes. Also, the results of this study show that sandblasting increased the Peel bond strength of resilient lining materials to denture base resins and that the Peel bond strength was considerably higher in the surface-treated groups than in the control groups

Background: Extend fixed dental prostheses (FDPs) with cantilever extensions used over locations with insufficient bone to avoid bone grafting. Cantilever extensions in both full-arch and short-span bridges have been documented in recent comprehensive reviews. However, cantilever FDPs have been the topic of numerous complaints of technical and mechanical issues. Therefore, this article addressed numerous variables to be analyzed in terms of implantation success rate, prosthesis success rate, minor bone loss, mechanical and technical prosthesis problems, and biological complications. Other variables from in-vitro, in-silico, and in-vivo studies were searched for and described where they were present, in addition to the loading duration of the rehabilitations, resources for reconstruction, and implant system used.
Objective of study: The present literature review aims to explore the use of cantilever-extending design as a successful treatment in implant-supported restorations for posterior regions.
Results: A Google Scholar operator scanned the literature and ran a hand search of the leading implantology and prosthetics journals from 2003 to July the 11th, 2023. Only articles on cantilevers for posterior implant-supported fixed restorations were considered. The outcome factors were implant and prosthetics survival, mechanics, technical, and biology issues, and bone loss on the margins. To better understand the implant-supported restoration with the cantilever extension approach and to assess its viability and dependability in the field of dental implants, this review article will focus on studies conducted over the past 20 years, beginning in 2003 to 2023. Therefore, this literature review aims to examine how the cantilever extension idea has been used in the field of dental implantology.
Conclusion: Thirty papers of cantilever extensions for implant-retained FPDs were chosen. The estimated in-vitro of 4 papers (14%), in-silico of 8 papers (27%), and in-vivo studies were of 17 papers (59%). There is a suggestion that cantilever extension can be an effective therapy in implant-supported restorations for posterior regions.

Background: Preeclampsia [PE] is a genetic and vascular disorder that occurs during pregnancy. It has multiple symptoms, including high blood pressure and protein in the urine. This disease results from poor blood supply to the placenta.
Objective of study: The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between TGFβl promoter polymorphism -509C/T and PE in South Indian women. A candidate factor in the development of this disease is the immunoprotein (transforming growth factor β1 cytokine).
Materials and Methods: In this study, a total of 100 pregnant women were screened for functional polymorphisms of the TGFB1 gene [C-509 T], including 50 patients with PCS and 50 stable controls. While homozygous CC constituted 76% of PCS cases and 70% of normal healthy pregnant women, 24% of PCS cases and 30% of controls were heterozygous CT.
Results: The results showed that there were no significant differences. Statistically significant differences between preeclampsia cases and controls at this polymorphic site in genotype distribution and allele frequency. Molecular defects in this immunoprotein may lead to a defect in the regulation of the placental blood vessels, which affects the occurrence of apoptosis in target cells, and may also act as a major controller of the Th1/Th2 cytokine balance and the development of peripheral anti-inflammatory T cells [FOXP3 + Tregs].
Conclusion: In conclusion, preeclampsia cannot be associated with polymorphisms in the TGF-beta1 promoter region at position -509 (C/T). In pregnant women, the clear urine that persists is produced by high TGF-b1 levels, and the function of the cells (glomerular cells) is responsible for raising TGF-β1 levels

Background: methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus is global problem which cause urinary tract infections and this affecting approximately 150 million people worldwide annually, in addition its high resistant to most of antibiotic.
Objective of study: Amid of this study diagnose and determine methicillin resistant S. aureus in patient which urinary tract infections, and detect virulence gene, multidrug resistance by PCR technique.
Materials and Methods: This study included 100 urine samples collected from urinary tract infection (UTI) patients. These samples were first cultured on standard media, then confirmed on HiCrome MeReSa Agar selective medium for the isolation of MRSA. Then (PCR) was performed to identify mec A gene. All isolates were subjected to susceptibility testing against a range of antibiotics to determine their resistance profiles and multi-resistance.
Results: Twenty samples (44%) of the total 45 samples were diagnosed as methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) based on a set of phenotypic characteristics, the most important of which was growth on mannitol salt agar. Then diagnosis on Hi-Chrome MeReSa media, which is a selective medium dedicated to identifying MRSA based on the colorimetric indicator, as colonies appear blue after incubation for 18-24 hours. Then, the diagnosis of MRSA isolates was confirmed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect the mecA gene, which showed that all isolates that showed positive growth on Hi-Chrome MeReSa agar possessed the mecA gene with a molecular weight of 147 base pairs, at a rate of 100%. also noted prevalence of MRSA infection its higher in females by 75%, compared to males, which reached 25%.
Conclusion: in this study shed light on prevalence of MRSA in patients with urinary tract infections, revealing that infection in females is 3 times higher than in males. The study also showed that all isolates showed multiple resistance to different antibiotic

Background: Amblyopia, define as "lazy eye, a neurodevelopmental disorder, manifests as reduced visual acuity not attributable to structural eye abnormalities.
Objective of study: This study investigated visual and structural differences between amblyopic and non-amblyopic eyes in children with unilateral amblyopia, focusing on visual acuity, axial length, and lens thickness.
Materials and Methods: Twenty-six pediatric patients (5–10 years old) with untreated unilateral functional amblyopia were recruited. Amblyopia was classified as anisometropic, strabismic, or combined. Corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) was measured in logMAR units. Axial length, anterior chamber depth, and lens thickness were assessed using non-contact optical biometry. Spherical equivalent refractive error was determined via cycloplegic autorefraction. Paired t-tests were used to compare interocular differences.
Results: Amblyopic eyes exhibited significantly reduced CDVA. However, no statistically significant interocular differences were found for spherical equivalent, axial length, anterior chamber depth, or lens thickness (all p > 0.05). Amblyopic eyes showed a trend towards shorter axial lengths (mean difference: -0.27 mm, SD: 0.72), particularly in anisometropic amblyopia (-0.21 mm, SD: 0.85). Anterior chamber depth and lens thickness showed minimal interocular variations across amblyopia types.
Conclusion: While amblyopic eyes demonstrated reduced visual acuity, interocular differences in biometric parameters were not statistically significant in this small sample. Trends suggest a potential association between amblyopia and shorter axial length, warranting further investigation with larger, longitudinal studies. This research contributes to understanding the ocular and cortical changes in amblyopia, aiming to refine treatment strategies and improve visual outcomes.