AL-AMEED JOURNAL

Al-Kulayni, in his work "Al-Kafi," includes a chapter on the birth of Sahib al-Zaman, which begins with a hadith that contains certain terms and expressions , the subjects of discussion. Such covers the term "Zubairi," the method of naming the Hujjah, and the date of his birth. The debate on this hadith remains unresolved. In this research, it is to analyse the text of the hadith to unravel its complexities. Our methodology is based on a descriptive-analytical approach, complemented by library research for data collection. Both textual and rational evidence are tackled in the arguments, leading to several key findings, most notably: that the "Zubairi" referred to is Al-Mu'tazz Al-Abbasi, and that the date mentioned at the end of the hadith (256 AH) does not indicate the birth year. Regarding the date mentioned at the end of the Zubairi hadith, there are four interpretations, concluding that the first two are untenable. The choice, therefore, lies between the third and fourth interpretations, although both involve some degree of interpretation and deviation from the literal meaning. It is concluded that his birth occurred in the year 255 AH.

The belief in Imam al-Mahdi (peace be upon him) is subject to many doubts and suspicions throughout history, as there was no period void of these issues . Such was a burden on Islam in general, and on Shiites in particular, the anti-Muslims were the first to raise these issues and regarded such a belief as a myth. The paper will manifest how the orientalists dealt with this doctrine, focus on their approaches to this belief , and mention a number of their writings about Mahdism and certain Islamic papers pertinent to the paper in question.

A noble home , whose foundation bricks are in line with faith in Allah Almighty and fragrance of His remembrance is always present , plays a significant role not only in nurturing promising children, but also in providing the best opportunities for all its members. Men and women are alike to fulfill all divine duties, except for what explicitly Sharia stipulates, as in the case of fighting for woman, or what runs counter to her canonical and divine role in managing the household. Educating women and the society is one of the most important necessities to revive the nation and bring His laws into effect. The revivalism for a righteous nation could be achieved with the concerted efforts of all hands and energies. When woman is well raised , they will provide a similar impetus to the revivalism of the nation , since her divine role is not limited to their own generation, but also extends to the promising generation through educating and leading the next generation.
Today, there should be great revivalism to set women in the realm of leadership. This could be achieved by reminding them of the most wonderful leadership model in the history that excels at both fulfilling household duties and caring for the family affairs : Seida. Fatima al-Zahra (peace be upon her) participates in the process of spreading the Islamic message, teaching and conveying what she heard from her father, the Messenger of Allah (may Allah bless him and his family ) to Muslims.
The current research aimed to explore the personality of al-Zahra (peace be upon her), her leadership role in building society, and the aspects of emulating Lady al-Zahra (peace be upon her) as a model figure . To achieve this, a descriptive approach is adopted to analyse and interpret the study samples . The concluded viewpoints are as follows :
- The contribution of the leadership of Lady al-Zahra and the Ahlalbayt (peace be upon them) to the development of the personality of Muslim women by raising their morale, entrusting them with responsibility, and involving them in the leadership of their families and society.In light of the research findings, the researchers make a number of recommendations, including:
- It is necessary to disseminate leadership styles, particularly those of Seida. Fatima al-Zahra (peace be upon her), among mothers and educators through educational and social media and institutions.

The current research study argues that the corona virus pandemic, widespread over the past few years, is a natural, albeit unintentional, wreaks havoc on everything in particular ,the intellectual structure . This was predicted by the Frankfurt School and a number of philosophers and natural science professionals as the humanity will suffer and have a bitter harvest of industrial progress by shaping what Ulrich Beck calls a Risk society that is prone to the vulnerability of all societies, including those far from the effects of Western industrial repercussions , risks of pollution, diseases, and natural disasters . But the human intervention was present at any way, according to specialists. Globalization, one of the summits of Western rationality, helps directly or indirectly to spread the pandemic as there were speed of mobility, travelling, and the development of trade, transnational corporations and mobile work. All of these cause the globalization of the new evil, which harms all humans worldwide. ‏

Freemasonry played a significant role in introducing Western ideas, visions, and theses into Iranian society through various means and tools, most notably the establishment of missionary societies, study missions, and the creation of diverse schools. In addition, many Iranian intellectual figures received their education in Western countries and adopted their ideas and visions, attempting to implement them in various ways within Iranian society. Examples include Malkum Khan, Mirza Saleh Shirazi, Yusuf Khan, consultant of the sate (author of "Yek Kalameh"), Abu al-Hasan Ilchi, Mirza Fath Ali Akhundzadeh, Abd al-Rahim Talibov, and others who were educated by Westerners and were impressed by Western civilization and its glittering facade.
In general, this Western cultural invasion had a significant impact and change on the Iranian social scene, at all political, social, and cultural levels, which was reflected in the emergence of many associations, parties, and organizations that raised their voices calling for this thought.

The study on the population pyramid aims to determine the state of the population in terms of youth, maturity or aging, and to know the future situation as well. Therefore, the population researcher is to interpret the fluctuations that appear in the population pyramid based on a detailed area study , and know the historical events and their impact on the main demographic processes. The population pyramid of Karbala focuses on the temporal and spatial variation for the period 2009 - 2019 AD and the concomitant indicators to obtain future expectations for the year 2029 AD. The research included three sections; the first is to tackle the triple age distribution of the population in Karbala governorate. The second section is to study the population pyramid for the years 2009 AD, 2019 AD, and 2029 AD. While the third one is to deal with the demographic indicators pertinent to the population pyramid : dependency ratio, and the median age indicator, and the demographic old age.

The world witnessed the dominance of scientism in the so-called Age of Enlightenment. Such a view is adopted to explain both natural and unnatural phenomena. After the Islamic World went to be acquainted with the West, before approximately two centuries ago, and then the Western culture penetrated into scientific and epistemic Islamic circles, here the scientism touched the Islamic World . Some Arab elites gave importance to the scientism to become a considerable trend during the Renaissance. The main thesis , this study will tackle , is as follows: What is the stance of Arab proponents of scientism on religion? How did they treat religion? The detailed discussion of Arab scientism cannot be confined to a single essay; for this reason, the current study is to concentrate on one proponent of scientism in the Islamic World, Farah Antoun. His stance on religion and debate with Mohammad Abduh on this topic are both elucidated in the paper .

Understanding the issue of Imam Al-Mahdi (PBUH) is not confined to his secret obscure birth or minor and major occultation. Various perspectives can be included. One of them is the scrutinization of his words or discourse. Specifically, his letters (or Tawqi’at) to some of his close followers during his occultation can be studied in terms of linguistics. It is a truism that these letters constitute a marvelous treasure that needs to be scrutinized in terms of jurisprudence, theology, and history, among others. This research, however, is a discoursal study of Imam’s letters during his occultation. His words convey all meanings of the noble Islamic doctrines, morals urged by the Glorious Qur’an, guidance, supplications, and many others. The aim of shedding light on these letters helps in closely knowing Imam al-Mahdi and being introduced to his instructions, orders, and prohibitions. This study aims to find out the basic discoursal aspects of Imam’s letters following Paltridge’s (2007) presentation of discoursal studies. It is a descriptive qualitative approach. Three letters have been selected randomly from his letters that are classified under the theological content to be under scrutiny. Analysis shows that ‘discourse grammar’ hosts cohesion, collocation, vocatives, questions, and negation whereas ‘discourse pragmatics’ houses directive speech acts and metaphorical use of language. The study ends with a number of conclusions the most important of which is that commanding, prohibiting, and supplicating are the distinct features in the data under investigation