Al-Kitab Journal for Human Sciences

The world in the twenty-first century has witnessed many fundamental changes in the vision of higher education institutions and their educational orientations in various countries of the world in response to the variables imposed by information globalization, represented in building knowledge and cultural societies, protecting intellectual property, and raising the level of external efficiency to ensure the preparation of outputs that possess skills with the changing needs of the market. From this standpoint, universities and other higher education institutions have become a means for the advancement of societies, harnessing their scientific capabilities and energies to serve society and tightening the link between higher education plans and economic and social development plans through the pioneering role of higher education in achieving sustainable development for society and enhancing partnership through its contribution to the formation of knowledge capital and the development of human resources and their alignment with development requirements and labor market needs. The research aims to highlight the role of higher or university education in achieving sustainable development, as education is one of the powerful factors that help in achieving sustainable development, as education contributes to providing the workforce with appropriate directions for production, which helps to bring about the required qualitative shift from traditional production to a world based on the use of machines and modern technologies, as well as working to ensure the sustainability of natural resources for future generations and not to deplete them. ...and environmental conservation, with the need to integrate quality education into the agenda of sustainable development goals as it is an effective pivotal indicator for achieving sustainable development.

The research aims to clarify the reality of demographic indicators for
Females in Iraq at the environmental level (urban - rural) by focusing
on some social and economic indicators by comparing them at the
environmental level, relying on the descriptive and analytical approach
in order to achieve the goal of the research, and the most important
results of the research were: the high percentage of rural Females at the
lower educational levels (and below - primary) compared to the high
percentage of urban Females at the higher educational levels (middle
school and above), and this indicates a widening gap in educational
attainment among Females at the environmental level, and a lower rate
of economic activity for rural Females compared to the rate for urban
Females, which amounts to ( (8.6 and 13.9%) respectively. The
percentage of Females heading families in urban areas reached 10.3%,
which is a high percentage compared to the percentage of rural Females
heading families, which was 8.6% .
Females within the age group (15-49) years in the countryside believe
that it is justified for a husband to beat his wife in various
circumstances, which is more than Females in urban areas. Their
percentage in the countryside has increased compared to their
percentage in urban areas, so the percentages of Females who believe
that a man has the right to abuse his wife are higher. The highest
percentage was for the reason of revealing household secrets,
amounting to 46.5%, compared to a lower percentage in urban areas,
which amounted to 28.4%. The lowest percentage was for the reason
for burning food, which amounted to 19.4%, which is a high percentage
compared to its percentage in urban areas.

The research problem tackles the importance and role
of the sample in research field in the humanities and
social sciences. In order to address the topic, we have
adopted the analytical method. At the beginning of the
article, we discussed the statistical sample: in terms of
its definition, terms associated with it, and determinants
of its withdrawal - determining its size and factors
affecting its objectivity, then we moved To review the
types of samples, whether probabilistic (simple random
sample - regular random sample - stratified or gradual
sample - fixed or permanent sample - compound or
cluster sample - areal sample) or non-probability
(intentional sample - casual sample - aggregate sample
- voluntary sample Rolling Snowball Sample), and we
concluded the article by highlighting the general
positives of the sample and the errors associated with it

The aim of the research is to identify the role of university
education management in achieving sustainable environmental
development. The research adopted the descriptive analytical
method. The research community consisted of 200 faculty
members from the College of Education for Pure Sciences / Ibn
Al-Haitham, and a random sample of 50 faculty members was
selected from this community. A questionnaire was developed,
containing 52 items distributed across five areas of the research.
The validity and reliability of the questionnaire were confirmed,
and it was applied during the first semester of the 2023/2024
academic year. The research data were analyzed using the SPSS
statistical program. The research concluded some results that
were analyzed and discussed according to the study domains
(students, environment, economy, society, and education). The
main findings include that university education management
plays a crucial role in achieving sustainable development, as
statistical analyses showed a significant difference between the
calculated and table values, indicating the importance of this role.
There were no statistically significant differences at the 0.05
significance level for the variables (gender, experience, and
academic qualification). The study concluded with a set of
recommendations and suggestions related to the research topic

Islamic systems are distinguished from other systems
by a set of concepts that encompass rulings clarifying
for people what they need in their worldly lives. By
applying these rulings, they find what they desire and
attain their Hereafter, savoring their sweetness in
worship and delighting in their taste in transactions.
This humble research attempts to demonstrate how
Islam contributes to raising the level of education and
ways to develop it, while warding off the dangers of
intellectual distortion in areas practiced by the
claimants of (lame) civilization against Islam out of
envy and arrogance. It also clarifies the role of Islamic
values in building societies and spreading a culture of
values among community members, highlighting the
connection between the theoretical aspect and practical
application of the role of values in society. Additionally,
it illustrates the contributions of diverse values in
building all aspects of life for individuals in society.

The research aims to measure wind erosion in Al-Muthanna Governorate, located in the
southwestern part of Iraq, as it is bordered to the north by Al-Qadisiyah Governorate, to the east
by Basra and Dhi Qar Governorates, to the west by Najaf Governorate, and to the south it is
bordered by Saudi Arabia. It extends astronomically between two circles of latitude (31° 42' - 29°
05') North and between arcs of longitude (46° 32' - 43° 50') East, Some mathematical equations
and statistical methods were used and applied to the study data extending from (1988-2021) to
measure wind erosion in the study area Among these equations are : A- Shabil equation, C=386
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(????????)2
by applying this equation the wind erosion in the area of study is very high after comparing
it with the criteria set by Chepil for wind susceptibility on wind erosion ,B- equation of the Food
and Agriculture Organization of the International Organization (FAO) in 1979 is as follows ???? =
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3
100
. (
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Through applying this equation, it was revealed that there is a noticeable
difference in the values of the climatic susceptibility to wind erosion between the stations of the
study area, as the lowest values of the climatic susceptibility to wind erosion were recorded. The
wind rate at Nasiriyah station in the winter season is (7.14). This is due to the increase in the actual
value of rain, in which the monthly rates of rain are higher than the monthly rates of evaporation,
which led to an increase in the moisture content of the soil, which worked to consolidate it and
increase its resistance to wind erosion, while the highest values of climatic susceptibility were
recorded in the winter season. In summer, the rate is (39.68) and this is due to the lack of rain
during the summer months and the high values of evaporation, which made the soil dry and loose,
so it is easy for the wind to move it. As for the Samawa station, the lowest values of climatic
susceptibility to wind erosion in the winter were recorded at a rate of (1.85). This is due to the
increase in the actual value of rain, in which the monthly rates of rain are higher than the monthly
rates of evaporation, which led to an increase in the moisture content of the soil, which worked to
consolidate it and increase its resistance to wind erosion, while the highest values of climatic
susceptibility to wind erosion were recorded in the spring at a rate of (11.52), and this is due to
the presence of high wind speeds during the spring seasons led to an increase soil susceptibility
to wind erosion C- Wind pressure equation: P=V2 × 0.006 The highest average wind pressure
was in the summer (1.97 kg/m), while the lowest average wind pressure was recorded in the winter
(0.74 kg/m). As for the Samawa station, the annual average wind pressure was (0.69 kg/m), as the
highest average pressure was recorded. Wind in the spring is (0.89 kg/m), while the lowest average
wind pressure was recorded in the winter is (0.29 kg/m) and the research reached several results,
the most notable of which were:
represented by high temperatures and low rainfall evaporation increased, which was reflected
in the activity of the wind erosion process.
2- What is flawed with the Shabil equation is that it did not take into account the soil and its
properties. It also excluded evaporation rates, which by increasing or decreasing them affect
erosion, in addition to the inability to extract monthly rates of wind induction.
3- The results of applying the Shabil equation to measure wind erosion showed that wind erosion
is very high at Nasiriyah and Samawa stations during the study period this is due to the nature of
the areas in which it allows the wind to move without anything obstructing it.

Cultural development cannot be achieved except by developing education
in its various aspects of governance, involving educational and university
institutions in promoting cultural action, developing the social
environment, and contributing to enriching the local, regional, national and
national cultural scene. Meaning that education is the engine of sustainable
development, and the foundation of progress and prosperity, especially if
this education is based on creative foundations based on production,
innovation, scientific research, and self-reliance. Education and
upbringing are also “the tools for this change of mental structures. To play
this role, education must be new, capable of preparing young people for
modern thinking, starting from primary school. Through modern
upbringing and education, young people are transformed into a human
engine for the development of society”. This is because all existing
political, economic and social structures will not remain in a fixed state,
but will also evolve with time. The rate of this development is very large
and rapid in the moments and periods in which many existing and inherited
structures are replaced, and new structures are replaced. This factor should
be taken into consideration, because its effect in accelerating the rate of
development, and indeed on all of society’s activity, productivity and
effectiveness, is usually an exceptional effect in its strength of momentum
and its rate of speed, especially since there is much clear international
evidence on the extent of the effect of these changes in accelerating the
rate of growth. and development. Many countries have proven that they
are living and effective societies, capable of movement, in order to push
their activity and progress to the verge of the achievements achieved by
societies . “Live and effective, capable of movement, in order to advance
its activity and progress to the verge of achievements achieved by other
societies, in an organized and positive manner that calls for admiration ”.
This means that the cultural approach can only be adopted in a society that
believes in political effectiveness, respects human time and effort, and
rejects bureaucracy and administrative routine.

Modern states seek to enhance their economic and living future by
adopting comprehensive strategies for local development, which is
considered one of the most effective tools for achieving sustainable
growth Local economic development is defined as an organized
process in which partners from various sectors—primarily the public
and private sectors—participate with the aim of strengthening the
economic capabilities of a specific geographic area. This contributes to
the creation of job opportunities, improvement of income levels, and
enhancement of citizens' quality of life. Local development plans are
built on clear foundations based on an in-depth study of the economic
and social realities of each governorate or region This includes
identifying available resources and prioritizing key sectors, while
establishing appropriate financing mechanisms such as local revenues
(e.g., taxes), in addition to government support or investment
partnerships Securing adequate funding sources is considered one of
the key factors in ensuring the continuity and effectiveness of
development projects. This highlights the crucial role that local
economic development plays in building a balanced economy, one that
is rooted in local communities as key actors, and that fosters the growth
of various economic sectors—including agriculture, industry, and
services. Such development ultimately contributes to social stability
and the reduction of developmental gaps between regions .

The present research examines the evolution of AI and its
transformative impact over time, as well as its integration with modern
technology to maximize benefits across various fields
particularly sustainable development. AI applications, such as smart
technologies in healthcare, education, transportation, communications,
precision agriculture, renewable energy, smart cities, and sustainable
industry, can enhance productivity, reduce environmental impact,
lower costs, and optimize resource efficiency. Thus, AI is a key enabler
of sustainable development goals (SDGs). However, critical ethical
concerns arise: What if AI algorithms violate fundamental human
rights, such as privacy, data security, and freedom of choice? What if
AI perpetuates harmful social and cultural stereotypes? How can
accountability be ensured if individuals or communities are excluded
from AI’s benefits?
Global experiments demonstrate AI’s potential to drive tangible
progress, with Arab initiatives increasingly adopting these technologies
despite challenges like infrastructure gaps and technical training. The
study concludes that AI is not just a tool but a shortcut to achieving
SDGs—if governed by ethical, fair, and policy-aligned frameworks.
These concerns have spurred the emergence of "AI ethics", aiming to
align AI advancements with human rights and SDGs. International
conferences now explore how AI can advance human welfare,
overcome complex societal challenges, and foster sustainable
development through innovative solutions.

Islamic Shari‘a upholds equality and the right to a dignified life,
including the freedom to work according to one’s abilities—
extending this right to persons with disabilities (PWDs). Egypt,
aligning with these principles, ensures equal employment
opportunities for PWDs, prohibiting discrimination and forced
labor while promoting fair working conditions. The state
supports vocational training, entrepreneurship, and labor market
access, both domestically and internationally, in line
with sustainable development goals. This study examines
the legal protections for PWDs in Egypt, focusing on their impact
on family and societal stability. By analyzing constitutional and
legislative safeguards, it highlights the state’s commitment to
securing PWDs’ rights to education, employment, and social
integration, thereby fostering dignity and economic stability. The
research underscores the link between inclusive policies and
broader social peace, emphasizing the role of government
initiatives in reducing poverty and unemployment among PWDs.
Aligned with the theme of “Community Participation and
Sustainability”, the study explores how international laws and
treaties reinforce these efforts. Key terms such as disability, law,
work, and sustainable development frame the discussion,
advocating for policies that enhance PWDs’ quality of life and
societal well-being. Ultimately, the research calls for rigorous
implementation of inclusive development programs to address
systemic barriers and achieve equitable prosperity.

The study examined the theme of disability and sustainable
development using symbolic interactionism and qualitative
methods through observation and semi-structured interviews
with research samples of people with disabilities. We sought to
scientifically investigate the issue of disability by examining
micro-level living factors through field work we conducted in
2024 while exploring the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals
(SDGs) and their contribution to the empowerment of people
with disabilities in terms of inclusion.
The findings demonstrate the Tunisian government\'s lack of
political will to bring its laws into compliance with international
obligations as stated by the UN in regular treaty body
assessments. To improve the status of individuals with
disabilities, it appears important to coordinate Tunisian laws with
international standards. Although funding for programs aimed at
people with disabilities has grown in response to their expanding
demands, a major obstacle still exists in the form of a
comprehensive social policy that would enable them to take an
active role in development. However, many have continued to
make significant contributions in fields like sports and education.
It is therefore essential to recognize that the effective social
inclusion of people with disabilities is intricately linked to
accessibility, enabling everyone with a disability to take part in
various activities in society, depending on the type and degree of
their disability

This study, titled "Spatial Variation in Population Growth Rates
in Sudan During the Period 1993-2008", aimed to explore the
population growth rates across Sudan's regions and states,
analyze their spatial disparities, and identify the underlying
causes. To analyze data, derive results, and interpret findings, the
study employed historical, descriptive, and analytical methods.
Primary data sources included census records, while secondary
sources were drawn from relevant literature.The study revealed
several key findings, including a significant increase in Sudan's
population during the period between the 1993 and 2008
censuses. The population nearly doubled, reaching 39,154,490 in
the 2008 census, with an annual growth rate of 904,403 people.
The population growth rates varied markedly across Sudan's
states due to environmental and developmental factors. The
highest growth rate was recorded in South Kordofan State at
approximately 12.7%, attributed to high fertility rates, with
children comprising about 50.6% of the state's population
according to the 2008 census, as well as its proximity to conflictaffected regions.The study concluded with several
recommendations, including the need to address the rapid
population growth by developing appropriate developmental
plans to ensure demographic and developmental balance in
Sudan, adopting clear and balanced population policies and
strategies, and integrating population policies with economic and
social development plans and projects.

This research examines the objectives (maqāṣid) of Sūrat alTaḥrīm (Chapter 66 of the Quran), focusing on its teachings
related to family, society, and marital relations. The surah calls
for adherence to moral and ethical conduct as prescribed by
Islamic law and serves as a reminder to the wives of the Prophet
(peace be upon him) that Allah’s protective zeal for His
Messenger is far greater and more profound in purpose than their
own. The study adopts an inductive and deductive methodology,
analyzing the entire surah by presenting each verse in its original
scriptural form (rasm al-muṣḥaf) and identifying essential
objectives derived from careful examination. The researcher then
provides exegesis (tafsīr) of verses requiring clarification,
drawing from classical and contemporary Quranic commentaries
and referencing authoritative scholarly opinions. The study relies
on both classical and modern sources, explains uncommon or
difficult terms, and concludes with key findings. Among the most
significant results: Sūrat al-Taḥrīm demonstrates that the Prophet
(peace be upon him) is divinely protected in all his affairs by
Allah’s grace. It admonishes the Prophet’s wives that Allah’s
concern for His Messenger surpasses their own and carries a
higher purpose. Additionally, the surah reveals that Allah
discloses to the Prophet matters pertaining to him, including
future events. Another key objective of the surah is the
preservation of marital confidentiality, emphasizing t

This study examines the impact of media, particularly television, on
sustainable development. Television has long been a central medium
for family and societal discourse, and with technological
advancements, digital TV now offers enhanced accessibility—
viewable on mobile devices anytime, anywhere, with replay
capabilities for deeper message analysis. Social media platforms
further empower broadcasters to gauge audience needs through
direct interaction, facilitating the communication of public concerns
to policymakers. Using descriptive-analytical methodology,
including content analysis, in-depth interviews with the program’s
team, and researcher observations, the study focuses on Akhbaruna,
a widely watched news program on Libya’s Al-Massar TV. Findings
reveal that media adopting development-oriented
content significantly influences sustainable development by
simplifying and disseminating critical information. The analysis
showed that Akhbaruna covered diverse development issues:
Infrastructure/services (16%), Health (15.2%), Education (14.4%),
Economy (12%), followed by environment, poverty, aid, innovation,
and culture. It is recommended to: Sustain and fund successful
developmental programs. Government support for developmental
media initiatives, ensuring transparent information flow. Enact
balanced media freedom legislation to align with development
goals.

The present study aims to evaluate the administrative
performance of the sport talent management in terms of the
organizational commitment in the youth and sports institutions as
seen by the employees. Through a set of sub-goals The sample
was (120) employees of sports and youth institutions in Baghdad
governorate. The sample was randomly selected for all workers
in sports and youth institutions and 100%. The statistical bag was
used. For data extraction.The research reached:
1. The management of sports talent affects morally and in a direct
relationship with the organizational commitment from the point
of view of employees in youth and sports institutions.
2. The organizational commitment is significant and has a direct
relationship with the management of the institution from the
point of view of employees in youth and sports institutions.
The research has recommended:
1. Put the right person in the right place to exploit the skills he
enjoys.
2. Move employees between the functions of the institution to
increase the acquisition of skills.
3. Pay attention to the importance of evaluating the institutional
performance to raise awareness of employees in sports and youth
institutions.

This study explores how artificial intelligence is transforming HRM and
organizational development, the study uses a synthetic dataset of 100,000
employee records and advanced AI algorithms to improve recruiting, turnover
estimation, and workforce planning. Primary case study investigating AI's
resume screening and attrition prediction. Using 'Satisfaction Level' and 'Last
Evaluation', the Random Forest model predicted attrition 68.45% accurately.
According to model predictions, approximately 70.06% of employees are
likely to stay, and 29.94% may leave. This suggests that AI might enhance HR
decision-making, workforce concerns, and staff management to meet
company goals.
The case study also automates candidate screening and retention with AI. HR
staff saved time by using a zero-shot classification technology to match
resumes to job descriptions. HR managers used attrition models to identify atrisk employees and implement retention measures.
Despite its practical benefits, the use of AI in HRM raises key ethical issues,
including algorithmic bias, data privacy, and potential job displacement.
The report suggests ethical norms, opening AI systems, and educating HR
professionals to use AI intelligently to overcome these concerns. Final
recommendations for incorporating AI into HR include strong privacy rules,
worker confidence in AI systems, and linking AI-driven projects with
company goals. The paper examines these difficulties and seizes these
possibilities to discuss how to use AI in HRM sustainably and for people.
Innovation, efficiency, and ethics are balanced.

This study explores the application of Total Quality Management
(TQM) at the University of Al-Kitab from the faculty's perspective,
providing a foundation for further research on TQM in educational
institutions. It offers actionable recommendations to enhance quality
standards, particularly in higher education and scientific
research institutions. The findings will benefit key stakeholders,
including:
University Leadership & Quality Assurance Bodies: Insights into
compliance with TQM standards will prompt regulatory bodies (e.g.,
the Ministry of Higher Education, Accreditation Agencies) to enforce
quality benchmarks.
University Administrations: The study assesses the extent of TQM
implementation, guiding universities to adopt, improve, or sustain
quality practices.
Faculty Members: TQM adoption will improve teaching resources,
pedagogical processes, and faculty performance, optimizing outcomes
with minimal effort.
The research employs a qualitative approach, analyzing faculty
viewpoints to evaluate TQM’s effectiveness and challenges

This research examines select terms in the Qur'an that reveal
fundamental human characteristics. The Qur'an employs rich
linguistic expressions to depict humans in all emotional states—
joy, anger, sorrow, victory, and defeat—using words
like 'ajūlān (impetuous) to describe short-sightedness, ya`ūs
kafūr (despairing, ungrateful) in hardship, and farḥ (boastful joy)
in prosperity, reflecting instability and perpetual anxiety.
Through semantic analysis, the study evaluates these terms
within their Qur'anic contexts, uncovering their intended
meanings, wisdom, and objectives. The phenomenon
of linguistic exaggeration (mubālagha) has been approached
diversely by linguists, rhetoricians, exegetes, and morphologists,
leading to terminological ambiguities. This complicates defining
such terms under the Qur'an's textual framework. The research is
structured as follows: Introduction:
Conceptualizes mubālagha (exaggeration), Section
1:Analyzes positive behavioral traits, Section
2: Explores negative behavioral traits, Conclusion: Synthesizes
key findings.

Surah Al-Kahf has importance in the issue of faith, as the signs
of the Hour and its great signs at the end of time and the end of
life, reading this great Surah protects against a great temptation,
or even from those great signs of the Hour, which is the
temptation of the Antichrist, as the Messenger of God, may God
bless him and grant him peace, told us. Therefore, this research
came under the title (Aesthetic description in Surah Al-Kahf)
We divided the study into two sections, preceded by an
introduction and preface, which included defining the term
beauty, its philosophy and characteristics, the naming of Surat
Al-Kahf, the merits of reading it, the substantive focus of the
surah, the purposes of the surah, the characteristics of the surah,
and the values in light of the surah.
Then the conclusion, which is the results of what we reached in
this research, then a list of research sources and references, then
an index of Qur’anic verses, an index of Prophetic hadiths, and
notable figures.

Developing critical thinking skills and critical thinking disposing in
college students has been set as fundamental goal in higher education.
Recently it has become more prompt in applying this goal to improve
students' employability in the fast- changing work place. This study
achieved the competency of developing critical thinking through
reading. Critical thinking includes the component skills of analyzing
arguments, making inferences using inductive or deductive reasoning,
judging or evaluating, and making decisions or solving problems.
Background knowledge is a necessary but not a sufficient condition for
enabling critical thought within a given subject.
Critical thinking involves both cognitive skills and dispositions. These
dispositions, which can be seen as attitudes or habits of mind, include
open and fair-mindedness, motivation, creativity, flexibility, a tendency
to seek reason, a desire to be well- informed, and a respect for and
willingness to entertain diverse viewpoints. Instructors are urged to
provide explicit instruction in critical thinking, to teach how to transfer
to new contexts, and to use cooperative or collaborative learning
methods and constructivist approaches that place students at the center
of the learning process. Goals or reasons differ according to personal
needs and it is clear that one should learn further to do so. However,
the grammar rules and vocabulary knowledge are not enough to
master the language and reach such goals. This is due to the fact
that successful language learning requires cognitive processes
like other types of learning. In other words, thinking, reasoning
and critical thinking are major parts of making sense of the new
information which help students learn effectively.

Intellectual freedom encompasses the freedom to hold, receive,
and disseminate ideas without restrictions. It is considered a
fundamental pillar of democratic societies, safeguarding an
individual's right to access, explore, examine, and express
ideas—forming the basis of an informed and autonomous
citizenry. Intellectual freedom serves as the cornerstone for
freedoms of expression, speech, and the press, and is closely
linked to the right to information and privacy. Given its
significance, intellectual security plays a vital role in preserving
sound thought, beliefs, values, and traditions that uphold a
nation's identity and cohesion. It seeks to prevent the adoption of
destructive ideologies, particularly as identity, citizenship,
belonging, and loyalty represent key pillars of national security.
Many nations and entities continuously attempt to undermine
values and erase identities, especially among youth, by distorting
their beliefs. This study highlights the role of Islam, Muslim
communities, and the state in safeguarding intellectual security
and devising effective strategies to counter ideological
deviations. It explores mechanisms to reinforce intellectual
resilience and combat extremist thought while promoting
moderation and critical thinking.

The aim of the research is to identify the preferred learning style according to
the (sequential and holistic) dimension for the research sample, represented by
third-year students in the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences
at the University of Kirkuk. It is also to identify the differences between the
pre- and post-tests of the two experimental research groups in learning the
Forward Hands-Up Skill on the Springboard Device, and to identify the
differences between the post-tests of the two experimental research groups in
learning the Forward Hands-Up Skill on the Springboard Device. The
researchers used the experimental method to suit the nature of the research.
The research community was selected from third-year students in the College
of Physical Education and Sports Sciences at the University of Kirkuk for the
academic year (2023-2024), amounting to (79) students, distributed among
two study groups, namely (A) with (36) students, and (B) with (43) students.
The research sample was randomly identified and selected. The first group
was represented by Section (A), which relied on the (sequential) dimension,
and its number was (15) students who tended towards the sequential style
according to the Felder and Silverman scale. The second experimental group
was formed by Section (B), and its number was (15) students, which relied on
the (total) dimension, and those who tended towards the total style according
to the Felder and Silverman scale. The main research experiment took (4)
weeks, with two educational units per week for each group. The statistical
methods were represented by (arithmetic mean, standard deviation,
percentage, mode, skewness coefficient, simple correlation coefficient, T-test
for linked samples - T-test for independent samples). The researchers
concluded that the educational situations prepared according to the two
dimensions (sequential - total) have a positive impact on learning the skill on
the jumping platform device for students of the two experimental research
groups under study. The first experimental research group used the sequential
dimension outperformed the second experimental group used the total
dimension in the skill of the front hands jump on the platform device. Jumping
for students. Researchers recommended using educational situations that take
into account the different learning styles of learners, as this has a positive
impact on learning outcomes .

The researcher followed the experimental design, which consisted of two groups, one
experimental and the other control, as the researcher chose the faculties of education at the
University of Tikrit and intentionally the College of Education for Human Sciences was chosen
to be an experimental group studying using the logical alignment strategy. The researcher was
keen before starting the experiment to statistically equivalence of the two research groups in a
number of variables that are believed to affect the safety of the experiment. The researcher
identified the educational material to be taught, which is the book of Ibn Aqeel's explanation, and
the researcher also prepared model teaching plans for both groups. The research tool was the test
of the acquisition of linguistic concepts, which included (33) test paragraphs of the type of
multiple choice measures the three processes of acquisition of the concept, and was confirmed the
sincerity and stability and strength of discriminatory and the effectiveness of the wrong
alternatives and the coefficient of difficulty, the second tool has been a test of logical thinking be
in its final form of (30) Paragraph and the honesty and consistency of this test were calculated.
After the preparation of the two research tools, the logical thinking test was applied, and after the
completion of the application of the experiment, the researcher applied the two research tools (the
dimensional grammatical concept acquisition test and the dimensional logical thinking test) on
the two research groups, and after collecting and processing data statistically using the T-test for
two independent samples, the results showed the following: There is a statistically significant
difference at the level of (0.05) between the average scores of the experimental group that teaches
grammar according to the logical alignment strategy and in the grammatical concept acquisition
test in favor of the experimental group. In the test of logical thinking after and in favor of the
experimental group and in the pre- and post-test of logical thinking and in favor of the post-test.
In light of the results of the research, the researcher recommended a number of recommendations.
including: The researcher reached a number of conclusions, including the possibility of applying
the logical alignment strategy to students of the faculties of education at the University of Tikrit.
The researcher also recommended the need to provide teachers with a book that includes modern
methods in all teaching, including the logical alignment strategy to choose the teacher in the way
that suits him. To complement the current study, the researcher proposed several future research
directions, including:‘A study to examine the effectiveness of the logical alignment strategy in
enhancing academic achievement among students in colleges of education and developing
their visual thinking skills’

Supply chain management has become one of the most prominent
factors that directly affect the success of companies and their ability to
achieve a sustainable competitive advantage in our current era. The
research aimed to test three private sector companies operating in Basra
Governorate in Iraq with the aim of improving performance and
enhancing their competitiveness. The research relied on the descriptive
analytical approach and the quantitative approach. A questionnaire was
distributed to a sample of managers of these companies and a number
of their employees. This data and information were subjected to
statistical analysis using the SPSS-V 23 program to study the impact of
supply chain management in its dimensions (integration with suppliers,
integration with intermediaries and distributors, integration with
customers) in achieving competitive advantage in its dimensions (cost,
quality, flexibility, delivery). The results showed the existence of a
relationship of influence and correlation between the two variables.
The research reached a set of conclusions, the most important of which
are: the existence of a significant effect of supply chain management in
its dimensions (integration with customers) on competitive advantage
(cost), the existence of a significant effect of supply chain management
in its dimensions (integration with customers, integration with
suppliers) on competitive advantage (quality, flexibility), the existence
of a significant effect of supply chain management in its dimensions
(integration with customers, integration with brokers and distributors)
on competitive advantage (delivery) for companies within the research
sample at a significance level of 5%.

The Iraqi Ministry of Electricity struggles with outdated human
resource (HR) management practices, leading to inefficiencies in
recruitment, performance evaluation, and strategic planning. This
study examines how artificial intelligence (AI) can modernize HR
processes, boosting productivity and cutting costs. AI tools—such as
automated resume screening, predictive analytics for workforce
planning, and unbiased performance assessments—can streamline
operations, improve decision-making, and enhance employee
satisfaction.
While AI adoption promises efficiency gains of 40-50%, challenges
like data privacy, algorithmic bias, and employee resistance must be
addressed. Implementing strong governance frameworks and staff
training will ensure a smooth transition. By integrating AI responsibly,
the ministry can transform its HR systems, optimize resource
allocation, and set a benchmark for innovation in Iraq’s public sector.

The study included revealing the geographical
potentials in Al-Faw District, because of its important
and significant impact on the development of the
sustainable development process in order to advance
society, increase production and development, and
increase job opportunities to meet basic needs.
Development cannot be achieved unless there is a
database that helps build a productive area. In a way that
suits the size and distribution of the population, thus
estimating their need for basic services, and with the
aim of achieving sustainable development in the short
and long term in remote areas .

A Rose for Emily is a short gothic story about the mysterious life
of Miss Emily Grierson. It represents the numerous conflicts in
the main character's life, illustrating the effect of social change
on the individual. This study conducts a pragmatic analysis of
modal auxiliaries in William Faulkner's "A Rose for Emily,"
addressing the linguistic problem of understanding how these
auxiliaries are used and interpreted within the narrative context.
The primary aim is to explore the various types of modal
auxiliaries employed by Faulkner and to identify the most
prevalent among them. The study hypothesizes that there is a
hidden meaning behind the use of modal auxiliaries, that
different types are utilized throughout the story, and that "would"
is the most frequently occurring form. Limited to a pragmatic
analysis based on Quirk et al.’s framework, the research
contributes to the fields of pragmatics and discourse analysis by
elucidating the functions of modal auxiliaries in conveying
meaning and influencing reader interpretation. The analysis
reveals that "would" is the most frequently used modal auxiliary,
suggesting a focus on hypothetical or conditional situations,
while "could" ranks second, indicating potential abilities or
permissions. Other auxiliaries such as "can," "must," and
"should" appear less frequently, indicating specific contextual
meanings of capability, necessity, or moral obligation. The study
concludes that the predominance of "would" emphasizes the
narrative's exploration of alternative possibilities and imagined
scenarios, contributing to the text's ambiguity and inviting
multiple interpretations. It is recommended that future research
further investigates the implications of modal auxiliaries in other
literary works to enhance understanding of their role in narrative
complexity and reader engagement.

The present study explores the use of metaphor in Ernest
Hemingway’s short story “Hills Like White Elephants” from a
linguistic perspective, employing Conceptual Metaphor Theory
as the analytical framework. The concept of metaphor, as a
cognitive and linguistic tool, forms the basis of the analysis,
highlighting how figurative language conveys complex themes
and emotions. The study aims to uncover the deeper meanings
behind the story’s metaphors, focusing on their role in shaping
the narrative, characters’ interactions, and underlying tensions.
The research seeks to answer key questions: How do metaphors
function in the text to communicate unspoken ideas? What
cultural and psychological implications can be inferred from the
metaphors? The significance of the study lies in its contribution
to understanding Hemingway’s minimalist style and the broader
role of metaphor in literature. Using a qualitative methodology,
the study analyzes the text’s linguistic patterns, identifying and
interpreting key metaphors such as “hills” and “white elephants.”
Findings reveal that these metaphors encapsulate themes of
conflict, choice, and ambiguity, offering insights into the
characters’ emotional states and the societal pressures they face.
The study concludes that Hemingway’s use of metaphor not only
enhances the narrative’s subtlety but also engages readers in
interpreting its deeper meanings. Recommendations include
further exploration of metaphor in minimalist literature and
interdisciplinary studies integrating linguistics, psychology, and
cultural analysis to enrich literary interpretation.

Videocast is one of the instructional tools that facilitates students' participation
in using the language due to its flexibility in presenting educational content.
Videocasts resemble podcasts, but they combine image features which include
films, presentations, or picture animations that improve learning. Videocast in
a learning environment is a pedagogical instrument that contains the
production, sharing, distribution, or streaming of video-based information to
meet instructional objectives. Since attitudes are considered important
determinants in English language learning, it is important to shed light on
attitudes toward learning English by using videocasts technique. The current
study aims to examine the impact of educational videocast in enhancing
university students’ performance and their attitudes towards learning English
as a Foreign Language (EFL). The study design is a quasi-experimental. The
validation sample of this research comprised (80) students of the Second year
enrolled in the academic year 2022-2023, in English department of College of
Education of Women, Tikrit University. They were divided into two groups,
experimental and control with (40) students for each group. The data is
gathered by using two instruments: a post-test to measure students’
performance and a scale to measure students’ attitude. The researcher follows
the “suggested version of the Attitudes towards Digital Educational
Technologies (DETs) Scale for University Students (ATDETS-US)”. This
scale consists of behavioral, emotional, and cognitive subscales. Using
Cronbach’s Alpha confirms the internal consistency as well as reliability of
the subscales of the ATDETS-US. The results reveal that: 1) There are
statistically significant differences between the mean scores of the
experimental group (78. 59) with a standard deviation of (11.77) and control
group (64. 17) with a standard deviation of (12. 68) . 2)The study shows that
there are positive attitudes towards vediocasts. 3) By bridging conventional
with modern technology instruction, we can find that learning through
videocast fosters dynamic of educational experience and make more flexible
in language learning, underscoring the pedagogical value of videocast
instruction.

Mitigation and intensification are discursive strategies that allow
language users to adjust the tone, emphasize key points, or soften
statements depending on the communicative context. However, many
EFL learners face difficulties in identifying and effectively applying
these strategies due to limited exposure to discourse frameworks. Van
Dijk’s Model, with its focus on macrostructures, microstructures, and
superstructures, provides a systematic approach to comprehending and
producing language that integrate these strategies effectively. This
study explores the application of Van Dijk’s Model as a reading
strategy to enhance EFL university students’ use of mitigation and
intensification strategies in written and spoken discourse. The research
employs a quantitative method design. An experimental study is
conducted with two groups of EFL learners: an experimental group
with 30 students is taught using Van Dijk’s Model and a control group
with 30 students using conventional reading strategies. Data are
collected by distributing a questionnaire that consists of (10) items to
assess learners’ ability to recognize and use mitigation and
intensification strategies and gather feedback on the effectiveness of
the approach. Results indicate that the experimental group show
significant improvement in their ability to identify and employ
mitigation and intensification strategies in reading compared to the
control group. Learners in the experimental group demonstrate
enhanced awareness of the nuances of tone, emphasis, and contextual
adaptation in their discourse, highlighting the pedagogical value of Van
Dijk’s Model.