Arab Scientific Heritage Journal

The organization and development of the irrigation system and agrarian reform in Iraq had an impact on the diversity of its methods and uses. This encouraged the caliphs to employ irrigation and benefit from it in agricultural production, thus increasing the cultivated area. Because of the importance of this topic, we studied in this research the definition of the irrigation system, its methods, the diversity of its means, and the role of the Caliphs in developing it and issuing legislation that constitutes the main part of agrarian reform

What linguists mentioned about the infinitive and its use in the linguistic levels of speech, whether with its verb, or what was mentioned in the difference between the infinitive and the noun of the source, are matters that are related to the phenomenon of hearing in speech, a need necessitated by the nature of the linguistic law and its connection with the Arabic dialects, which proceeded in the linguistic levels to form Phenomenon inherent in the use of the source and the name of the source.

This search aims to meditate Divan of Hazem Al-Qirtagni his incomplete contiguous and non-contiguous naturalizations are investigated through two interrelated sections, the first is contiguous deficient naturalization and the analysis of phonemic symmetry in the light of syntactic syntax, phonemic (partial) symmetry and semantic difference ,this is what was expressed in modern criticism with the principle of (equilibrium and difference) after the illusion of absolute symmetry between the two homogeneous terms with an incomplete homogeneity

Although al-Dhahabi had rulings on his translations, because he excluded from them the terms and expressions that hadith critics and his men used in his evaluation of non-narrators due to the different directions of the translator for them, as his book included several categories, we find a kind of discrepancy in his rulings on the translator for them according to their position and their impact on Society, therefore, came to judge some of them subjectively through the translator’s evaluation of him, taking into account certain standards in issuing his judgments. Therefore, the historical criticism based on a translation basis for news

This research includes the investigation of a part of the manuscript called Summarizing Examination Book (The Science of meaning ) Hassan Kafi Al-Aqhsari , which contains the part of the science of rhetoric. The investigation was carried out through a series of steps, the most important of which is to show the difference between copies of the manuscript and then access to the texts contained in verses, hadiths, poetic verses or vague words to produce this manuscript in the required form .1

The phonological level represents one of the important and basic language levels. On the functional and performative levels, it is accompanied by verbal evidences that participate in highlighting the meaning and make grammatical analysis possible as the evidence of toning. The aim of this study is to show their effect on grammatical construction. The research consists of two sections: the first one deals with toning defining it in accordance with evidences of verses from the Glorious Quran. The second one studies the semantic function of this evidence and the two directions underlying it . These sections are preceded by an introduction to define the terms of the title to conduct the research with clarity

The nature of this research is that it is a descriptive study that deals with the issue of abrogation in the Noble Qur’an by research and study, as it is one of the issues that have been and are still the subject of controversy and disagreement among Muslim scholars, and it was and still is an advocate of devotion and sayings about the Qur’an .. one of the enemies of Islam, as some tried In this era, this science was used to cast doubt on the Holy Qur’an, which generated a need to open this file again.. and with a new approach, and one of the results of the research was that the transcription was mentioned in the Arabic language with several meanings, including: conversion, transfer, replacement and removal, but its meaning is with the predecessors. It is more general than what the fundamentalists and later scholars say, for it is everything that occurs to the apparent meaning of the text, such as specifying its generality, or restricting its absolute, or clarifying its entirety, or grading its ruling, reducing it, or canceling the ruling; Because they all have one meaning in common, which is copying.

The semiotic approach to the unspoken seeks to analyze the text in an esoteric way, that is, to clarify what is hidden from it by reading between the lines, or what is behind the words and their apparent significance. Or the apparent presence and the mysterious absence between the lines or behind the text.

in his Diwan, and standing on them, and determines This study dealt with the lexical and semantic fields in the sentimental poems in Walid Hussein's Diwan (I do not desire to whisper the question) that the classification of the words that Walid Hussein employed their significance, using context theory and applying the theory of semantic fields.

Abi Talib (A.S.) that narrated in the (Nehj Albalagah). In addition the researcher will study the method of kindness and and sentences structures of the letters writtern to princes, judges on the islamic states, army leaders, and guidance to society at the time, and to clearify whether theses expression, purposes, and the rare literature structure in different ways of innovation, was created by the Imam Ali (A.S.) with the creativity of the speech, which could not be found in the Arab speech. As well as, to clearify the purposes and the rhetorical jokes that were used in the reference of Nahj Albalagaand and its influence on the recipient and the refeflection in creating a desired significance in the dealing with the society. As nowadays our education based on the text, therefore the reseacher implemented the study on the text of Nahj Albalaga

The Andalusi woman’s poetry forms a point upon which there has been much vagueness and prejudice may be because of the distorted versions that have recorded the women’s heritage. The reason why it reaches us as uncompleted texts affected by the personal desires of the narrators and scientists of that heritage. Morally, a large portion of that poetry represents a shining point that deserves pride. The modesty shown in number of Al Andalus poetess under the Islamic umbrella represents a humanitarian and civilized shining side in this poetry.

as important aspects emerged related to the management of the caliphate and how it was transferred, and the clarification of the political trends and transformations at the end of their lives. In addition, how the Rightly Guided Caliphs decided the fate of the Caliphate of Muslims after the end of the term of each caliph. He entrusted the mandate of the Muslims with the delegate for fear of sedition after him, and among them were those who chose a consultative council to choose the Caliph, and among them were those who contented themselves with praying that God would unite them and not separate them. Some of them left them as he left them, peace and blessings be upon him, in the hope that he would unite them on their goodness.