Kirkuk Journal of Arts

The research aims to study the contents of one of the magazines in the oil sector, which was issued in early 1961 by the Iraq Petroleum Company and the companies working with it, namely the magazine of oil workers. The magazine was based in Baghdad. The magazine is considered an important source for studying and publishing cultural and scientific news, in addition to the magazine’s motivation in publishing the activities and training of workers, as well as the role of the magazine of oil workers in following up the reconstruction and modernization of oil cities. The study aims to shed light on the magazine of oil workers 1961-1972, through the main axes of the study. The first axis included the reasons and motives for issuing the magazine of oil workers, and the second axis included the stages of the magazine’s development during the years 1961-1972, in addition to a conclusion and a list of sources and references

A large number of Yemenis emerged to carry the banner of Islam to the far reaches of the earth, and many countries came under Arab-Islamic rule. Among these lands was Al-Andalus, where a significant number of Yemeni Arabs participated in the Islamic military campaigns. Several leaders and individuals joined the armies that entered the region, with Yemeni commanders playing a pivotal role in both the conquest and subsequent stabilization. Foremost among them was the Yemeni leader Musa bin Nusayr al-Lakhmi, and Tarif bin Malik al-Ma'afiri, who led the first military expedition into Al-Andalus. Others also participated, including Yemenis who joined Tariq bin Ziyad's campaign in 91 AH / 710 CE, such as Abdul Malik bin Amir al-Ma'afiri and Tarif bin Malik al-Ma'afiri, who later sent reinforcements to Tariq bin Ziyad. As for Musa bin Nusayr al-Lakhmi’s expedition in 93 AH / 712 CE, Yemenis formed the majority of both soldiers and commanders. Prominent figures among them included Muhammad bin Aws al-Ansari, Ayyash bin Ajil al-Himyari, and Hanash bin Habib al-Lakhmi, among others. Within a short period, the Muslims succeeded in completing the conquest of Al-Andalus, establishing stability, and organizing its administrative and financial affairs

Literary translations significantly impact our lives. Through literary translation, readers are afforded the opportunity to engage with texts originating from varied cultural and national contexts.
The problem of this investigation is that the students cannot translate English novel texts into Arabic. Because of their numerous issues, particularly in syntax (syntactic structure), semantics (lexical words), figurative devices, (rhetorical devices), and stylistics, they frequently fail to provide the target language reader with a clear understanding of the rendition of English literary texts. Consequently, these issues influence the translation process.
Hence, the current investigation aims to examine the translation of literary texts from various English novels to elucidate the process of translating them into Arabic. This investigation also aims to identify the difficulties and errors that are made by students in rendering English novels and to elucidate the translator’s role in conveying the rhetorical impact to the reader of the target text (TT).
Two models are implemented in this investigation: Firstly, Dooley’s (2014) linguistic model categorizes rhetorical and figurative devices into eleven categories. Secondly, Newmark’s translation model (1988b) comprises two fundamental strategies or methods: semantic and communicative. This model is employed extensively in the examination of literary works.
Finally, the study concludes with a summary of the key findings.

The research deals with the possibility of developing archaeological and religious tourism in the northern district of Muqdadiyah “Sinsel areas” due to the importance of tourism at the present time. The research showed the natural and human components of tourism in the study area, which have not received attention from the relevant authorities. The research aims to study the archaeological and religious sites in the study area and the possibility of investing in them, and to search for how to develop and grow them, given the region\'s attractive natural and human components and diverse archaeological and religious landmarks that contribute to attracting visitors to it, in addition to the social harmony of the region\'s residents with each other and their preservation of the historical heritage and inherited customs and traditions. The study reached results including: The region is rich in cultural and religious heritage, and the region contains a large number of religious and archaeological sites dating back to different eras and civilizations, which reflects a long and diverse cultural history. Among the most important recommendations indicated by the research is the preparation of a comprehensive geographical database that documents all information about the condition of archaeological and religious sites and the use of modern technologies. Working to issue laws or activate legislation related to the protection of heritage and religious sites from vandalism and encroachment

This study examines the various facets of literature by examining the use of allegory and utopian visions as lenses through which to analyse the authorial techniques used in the works. As a literary device, allegory provides a sophisticated way to explain difficult concepts through symbolic representation; it is frequently employed as a platform for societal criticism and commentary. Utopian visions of idealized societies or futures that are used to explore society potentialities and defects are acted as aspirational constructions. [3, p. 47] This article explores the complex relationship between allegory and utopia through a close reading of a number of literary works, breaking down authorial devices to reveal the text's underlying meanings and implications.

This research aims to identify translators of the First Abbasid Era (132 AH/750 AH-232 AH/847 AH) and their intellectual implications, as one of the first to establish this movement, which has had a great impact on the continuity and development of Islamic civilization. Explanation of why translation flourished in the first Abbasid era. Then, the intellectual and civilizational implications of translation during the First Abbasid Era were identified. One of the most important findings of the research was that the First Abbasid Era was famous for many translators, including: Abdullah bin al-Muqafah, Hanin bin Yitzhak, al-Fadhal bin Sahl al-Sarkhsi, al-Hajj bin Yusuf, al-Thabit bin Qura and John bin Masuyeh. Civilizations met and cultures mingled during the first Abbasid era, and science and art evolved.

This research is a specialized scientific study of the Quranic readings that are compatible between the reading of the two brothers and the narration of Hafs from Asim through the Shatibiyyah, as mentioned in the interpretation of \"Al-Bahr Al-Muhit\" by Imam Abu Hayyan Al-Andalusi. This topic was chosen due to the importance of studying the interactions of compatible readings, which enhances a deep understanding of the Quranic text and clarifies the phonetic and linguistic foundations that unite the readings despite the diversity of their narrations.
The research focused on examining the instances where there appears to be agreement between Hafs\'s narration and the two brothers\' readings in Abu Hayyan\'s interpretation, a topic not addressed by many researchers before. These instances were collected and analyzed in light of the ten readings and their origins as stated in Tariq al-Shatibiyyah. This analysis comes within the framework of an attempt to understand how differences in readings do not affect the core meaning of the Quran, but may, in fact, impart a broader semantic and rhetorical character to it.
Moreover, some of the consistent points between the narrations improve linguistic comprehension and enhance the aesthetics of the text, reflecting readers\' ability to preserve the essence of the Qur\'an despite differing methods of recitation. Furthermore, the research contributes to opening a new horizon for the study of readings by highlighting areas of agreement rather than focusing solely on differences.

The research aims to explore the manifestations of pragmatic authority and its role in achieving communication within Taha Hussein’s essays in his book \"Bayn Bayn\", addressing the problem of how pragmatic tools are employed to construct this authority and guide the reader in complex social and political contexts. To achieve this goal, the study answers central questions about how Taha Hussein uses deixis, presupposition, conversational implicature, and speech acts to assert his viewpoints, practice implicit criticism, and achieve persuasion. The research adopts a descriptive-analytical methodology based on pragmatic theory, employing discourse analysis as a central tool to examine selected texts from \"Bayn Bayn\" in order to uncover the linguistic strategies utilized. The findings indicate that Taha Hussein skillfully employed various pragmatic strategies, particularly conversational implicature, to express bold critical stances indirectly, and presupposition to build a shared knowledge base with the reader and implicitly convey his positions. He also used performative speech acts that reflect his authority as an influential cultural voice. The study concludes that understanding pragmatic mechanisms is key to revealing the persuasive power and critical depth of Taha Hussein’s essays, demonstrating that pragmatic linguistic choices are a fundamental source of the communicative authority he exercises—an authority that transcends the literal meaning of the text to establish a deeper impact on the audience

The Islamic financial system emerged prominently during the Rashidun and Umayyad periods, attracting the attention of Orientalists who criticized it from various angles. Given its direct impact on people's lives and its importance to the state, the system’s taxation policies—on both Muslims and non-Muslims—became a focal point. This study explores the Orientalists’ these tax policies ,addressing Orientalism and its motives, definitions of taxation, pre-Islamic taxation in Khurasan, and developments during the Rashidun and Umayyad eras, including reform efforts and Orientalist perspectives. The study concludes with a summary of key findings.

the research deal with the desertification and it's affect on agricultural lands in Baach area and about resulting risks that forms from stretch acceleration for degraded areas and it's negative effects depending on Data processing and image analysis that taken from the air by following changes that happened to the lands between (2012-2022) and it shows that there are four levels of desertification in Baach and it's between slight, medium and high. and change average in rocky lands reach (767,5) KM 2. The vegetation cover shrink in earthy land around (630)KM 2. While the lands that have high salinity changed around (1201, 3) KM 2. and the changes in the green lands about (1903,3) KM 2 and the variation of this problem from it's size, danger and affect on the agricultural active between regions of Baach, the desertification reached(7696)dunam and areas threatened by desertification about(3320)dunam and the study showed that there are many reasons leads to the desertification and depend on nature and human which leads to imbalance between sensetive elements of ecolgical balance and spread of desertification. The study showed that Baach has many development potential and it's total area is about (3279959) dunam and fertile land about (1219348)agricultural land that able to achive agricultural development and overcoming spatial.
spatial.desertification ، Drought‘ Overgrazing، Ecosystem، Environmental Degradation، Agricultural Production، Agricultural Development

This research examines Mahmoud Al-Rimawi’s short story collection Amm Tabsheh fi Marrakech (Uncle Searching in Marrakech), focusing on identity fragmentation as an existential lens through which the narrating self intersects with spatiotemporal contexts. The narratives transcend conventional storytelling, transforming into contemplative acts that interrogate existence and delve into themes of dissolution and search. The study highlights the manifestations of a self in pursuit of an identity fragmented between dichotomies: master and slave, natural and digital, within the space of Marrakech—a city that transcends its physical geography to become a symbolic icon of a troubled, fractured, and disoriented identity. Al-Rimawi does not present characters with stable identity markers; instead, he crafts human and non-human figures wandering the labyrinth of the city, seeking deferred or incomplete identities, symbolizing the loss of meaning and the disintegration of reference. The act of searching in these stories is embodied through poetic and contemplative language that avoids directness, diving into the paradoxes of the human self as it confronts a city laden with history and contradictions. The texts reveal a symbiosis between the city and the narrator, where the question of Marrakech transforms into a question about the self and its place in the world. The study employs cultural criticism and narrative discourse analysis to trace the discursive patterns that expose the fractured self, fragmented identity, and the absence of a center—core themes in postmodern narratives. The analysis underscores how Al-Rimawi reconstructs identity through stories that offer no answers but instead pose open-ended existential questions, challenging notions of meaning and belonging in a fragmented, ever-shifting.

The ancients addressed the concept of argumentation, demonstrating through their usage its importance in constructing discourse. It is impossible to engage in communication without employing this concept in various linguistic purposes. Thus, argumentation is considered a crucial element that connects multiple disciplines such as rhetoric, logic, pragmatics, and others. It serves as a tool for discussing ideas regardless of the nature of the argument, and it plays a vital role in dialogue between the parties involved in communication.
Since the tongue is the instrument of speech through which one may express good or evil, it becomes a fundamental aspect of argumentation. Therefore, we have chosen to focus this study on “The Argumentative Nature of the Afflictions of the Tongue,” selecting as our field of application the Prophetic Hadith, in order to highlight the dangers of the tongue and its impact on a person’s happiness or misery.

The ancient Babylonian era was distinguished by its abundance of written and material sources, which allow us to shed light on the economic aspects that were practiced in ancient Iraq during this era. These texts and documents also allow us to determine the types of public and private ownership and show the economic situation that prevailed in the country. This is what distinguished the ancient Babylonian era with the abundance of cuneiform texts that were found.
Through studying and analyzing the texts that we studied in the research, which included visualization, reproduction, translation, and analysis of (6) texts from the Iraqi Museum, and after studying these texts, it became clear that they have economic contents that represent texts of receipt, distribution, lists of people, and a delivery note.

The weighting had a major and important role in the issues of interpretation when both jurists and fundamentalists has been the subject of many research issues when each of them has had a great impact weighting in solving the problem of stopping to show what is meant when the equality of evidence in the interpretation of the Quranic verse and since each of the jurists and fundamentalists followed different rules according to the approach of each of them was each of them resorting to the rules of competence were often dependent on the external presumption surrounding the text or internal deduced from The words of the Qur'anic verse, which had a great impact in clarifying the meanings of interpretation and its distance from any defect in understanding when the taxpayers or those who were subjected to the interpretation of the book of Allah Almighty Accordingly, the presentation of the opinions of jurists and fundamentalists that were associated with the required meaning be through reference to books with competence, where the study included clarifying those concepts for both interpretation and weighting and clarifying the rules on which both the interpretive and jurisprudential or fundamentalist sciences were based, and the study concluded a basic conclusion that weighting It is considered one of the basic sciences for any interpretive process carried out by scientists, regardless of the methods used in the use of this weighting, and there is nothing wrong with the multiplicity of its methods unjustly

This research aims to identify translators of the First Abbasid Era (132 AH/750 AH-232 AH/847 AH) and their intellectual implications, as one of the first to establish this movement, which has had a great impact on the continuity and development of Islamic civilization. Explanation of why translation flourished in the first Abbasid era. Then, the intellectual and civilizational implications of translation during the First Abbasid Era were identified. One of the most important findings of the research was that the First Abbasid Era was famous for many translators, including: Abdullah bin al-Muqafah, Hanin bin Yitzhak, al-Fadhal bin Sahl al-Sarkhsi, al-Hajj bin Yusuf, al-Thabit bin Qura and John bin Masuyeh. Civilizations met and cultures mingled during the first Abbasid era, and science and art evolved.

This research aims at identifying the doctrinal graduation of contemporary issues in the speculative contract (collect and analytical study), considering that speculation in the Islamic system differs greatly from the concept of speculation in the asthma economy, Based on Islam and participating in profits and investment for the individual and society, this research is based on analytical descriptive study, through the definition of graduation language, terminology and benefits, and the statement of graduation jurisprudence in the term of scholars, fundamentalists and its types. With the definition of speculation language and terminology, and the statement of its types, and then to see the contemporary issues of the contract of speculation and the graduation jurisprudence thereof. One of the most prominent findings of the research was that graduation is of particular importance for the rooting out of issues on its doctrinal, grammatical, contractual and other assets. And it tends to be possible to speculate in modern prices made of non-gold and silver, such as coins and paper, if you want and generally know people about it.

Sinan Pasha, appointed commander of a large Ottoman campaign in 1569 to restore Ottoman control over Yemen, demonstrated great political acumen and high military capability. Within a few months, he managed to regain control over central and southern Yemen for the Ottomans and dealt a defeat to the Zaydi forces, who posed the greatest challenge to Ottoman stability in Yemen. During the advance toward the northern region, which had a dense Zaydi population and difficult terrain, Sinan Pasha encountered significant difficulty in subduing the area. He then resorted to negotiation and conciliation with the Zaydis, leading to a peace agreement on May 21, 1570. This agreement entailed the submission of the Zaydis to Ottoman authority in exchange for recognition of their influence in their own regions. As a result, Yemen experienced its longest period of peace during the aftermath of this campaign

Iraq is distinguished by religious diversity in addition to the diversity of components, and religious diversity is an important factor for the country if the government succeeds in containing it and attracts that diversity for the benefit of the individual and society. Despite the major problems that Iraq has been exposed to due to religious diversity, it has recorded an honorable position in Iraqi history, especially in the issue of Mosul joining Iraq after the international committee conducted a special referendum for all the ethnic and religious components of the Mosul state. The religious minorities had an honorable historical position by voting in favor of Mosul joining Iraq despite the difference in the voting method for each of those religious components, but in the end it was in the interest of Iraq. Therefore, religious diversity is a positive factor within the country if the governments of those countries deal with it well according to the principle of settlement and standing at the same distance towards all religious and ethnic components