Tikrit Journal of Administrative and Economic Sciences

The main objective of the study is to ascertain the extent to which strategic vigilance types are applied in order to reach the highest level of strategic renewal of the Company sample research. The importance of the study in the company's quest to adopt the concept of strategic renewal in a dynamic environment is rapidly changing through the application of types of strategic Vigilance, which gives the owners of the administrative leaders to enjoy the skills and capabilities are able to respond quickly to the needs of diverse customers. Here arises the problem of the study with the main question and to what extent do strategic vigilance types contribute to strategic renewal in the company being investigated? The
Field side was selected in the field of Diyala General Company for Electrical Industries. (80) questionnaires were distributed to the administrative leaders at various administrative levels. Seventy (73) samples were retrieved for the analysis. The researcher adopted the questionnaire as a main tool as well as field interviews. Conclusions: The results showed a significant correlation between strategic alertness and strategic renewal. The result is that the management of the company, which exercises good strategic vigilance, will inevitably enhance the strategic renewal of the company.

The study aims at identifying the extent to which the organization's intelligence characteristics are adopted as an input to enhance the strategic innovation process. The organizational intelligence characteristics are represented by its dimensions (strategic vision, collective commitment and desire for change, knowledge development), and the process of strategic innovation. (Creative ideas, assessment of creative ideas, implementation of creative ideas). In order to answer these questions, a virtual study plan was drawn up which illustrates the relationship between the variables of the study through a set of hypotheses. The study used the descriptive analytical approach, The study is a means of obtaining data for the purpose of collecting and analyzing data and information from the sample of the study of (44) members of the academic leadership at AL-Kitab University, and a number of statistical methods. The most important of which is that the organizational intelligence can contribute to enhancing the strategic innovation in the organization sample research. The study concludes with a number of recommendations and suggestions that contribute to clarifying the relations between the variables of the study and its dimensions.

The research aims to show the role of organizational conflict management strategies in promoting the work behavior of a selected sample of health organizations in the Iraqi environment. The intellectual basis of the study is that the link between the dimensions of organizational conflict management strategies and work behavior push towards creating a suitable work environment that promotes positive work behavior in health organizations. In order to ensure the accuracy of the research problem, the problem was formulated with a number of questions including:
1. Do the health leaders in the research sample support the use of organizational conflict management strategies in promoting positive health work behavior?
2. Is there a correlation and effect between the research variables in the researched field?
A questionnaire was adopted as a main tool, and 70 questionnaires were distributed to a sample of managers (departments and units) in health organizations, from which 58 samples were Analyzed, and the research came out with a number of conclusions, the most important of which are:
• Managers have an understanding of the research variables as the overall responses have been fairly good, demonstrating the positive trend that employing
• organizational conflict management strategies in promoting work behavior.
Organizational conflict management strategies have a significant correlation and influence in promoting work behavior.
Finally, the research concluded with a number of recommendations and proposals for the field of research, the most important of which are:
• Health organizations should adopt strategic mechanisms and methods based on activating the role of organizational conflict management strategies in order to create a positive and positive environment for work behavior
• The necessity of the attention of the health organizations administrations of the research sample on the results of the relationship between research variables and the reflection of this relationship on the nature of its work.

The study focused on the ethics of work and its role in achieving organizational excellence by applying to the Tikrit University. The researchers relied on the descriptive analytical approach. The study population was limited to the employees of Tikrit University. A random sample of (69) individuals was selected. The views of the sample were obtained on the variables of the study by means of the list of questionnaire consisting of (24) of whom 100%.
The study aimed at finding out the role of work ethic in achieving organizational excellence. The results showed a positive relationship between the dimensions of work ethic and the dimension of organizational excellence. The higher the level of work ethic in the individual, the higher the degree of institutional excellence in the university.

This research aims to reveal about human resources management strategies and their reflection of organizational culture for a sample of academic leaders in Iraqi universities. For the importance of these organizations in influencing the society with the outputs that represent the leaders of the future. The questionnaire consisted of (40) items to collect data from the study sample of (48) managers in the middle and executive levels in some Iraqi universities which are universities (Anbar, Fallujah, Tikrit, Mosul, al. maref). The descriptive analytical approach using the program statistical (SPSS) to reach results. The research has reached a number of conclusions of the most important, there is a significant correlation between human resources management strategies and organizational culture, as recommended The study also recommended the adoption of strategies supportive of organizational culture through the adoption of a comprehensive strategic view that helps universities to provide an organizational culture suitable for work.

According to the theory of financial illusion, citizens in general do not have a correct perception of financial information systematically, and by mistake they demand for more government expenditure, the problem of research is that one of the reasons for increased government spending is the financial illusion of the citizen. The research aims to analyze the impact of government revenue resources in expenditures of the public sector in the Iraqi economy based on this theory. The importance of research comes from the fact that the financial illusion of citizens creates the motivation of politicians and decision makers to increase government public spending, The research assumed that both oil revenues and tax revenues, whether direct or indirect, caused financial illusion of individuals on public expenditure in the Iraqi economy. The research has reached a number of results, perhaps the most important of these is that the financial illusion in the Iraqi economy can be explained by the per capita oil revenues and the direct tax revenues which the government receives, but the Iraqi individual does not believe that there is a financial illusion as a result of what the government receives indirect taxes from him. In order to prevent financial illusion, the use of oil revenues must be reduced gradually and as much as possible.

The research aims to assess the financial sustainability of Iraq and the ability of the economic authorities to achieve it during the period 2003-2017 using the VRA model. The results indicate that the standard model, based on the Johansen and Juselius test to a relationship the long-term relationship between public revenues and public expenditures. While the results of the selection of causality showed a causal relationship in one direction is that public revenues cause public spending and therefore the government can adjust its public spending based on the size of public revenues. Therefore, the government should adopt an economic policy aimed at achieving financial sustainability by reducing the budget deficit, reducing or stabilizing the size of the public debt (internal and external). And reorganizing existing revenues through the development of different productive sectors in order to create new and real tax containers, able of financing the government tunnels on one hand, and not affected by changes in oil prices on the other hand.

Research and studies on the industrial sector are of exceptional importance in all developed and developing countries alike because they constitute the cornerstone of economic and social progress and development. The main objective of the research is to study and analyze some of the determinants of industrial growth in the Iraqi economy and to indicate the impact of each determinant on the rates Industrial growth based on theoretical and applied frameworks with emphasis on quantitative measurement (the standard method) and the relationship between industrial growth and these determinants. The research concluded that there is an inverse relationship between the size of corruption, exchange rate and output growth. The study recommended the need to work to combat financial and administrative corruption in all its forms and the need to reduce the exchange rate of the Iraqi dinar in order to reduce the prices of goods. And increase exports, reduce imports and increase industrial growth, and the need to increase investment spending on the industrial sector, especially manufacturing. In order to increase production in this sector and make the productive apparatus of the Iraqi national economy has high flexibility and to adapt to economic fluctuations especially with regard to oil prices and to provide all the requirements of life. As well as provide better services to the Iraqi citizen in order to encourage fertility and reproduction and increase the size of the population and the creation of a young generation capable of work and increase production and industrial growth.

Britain has been described as a strange partner, because it refused to integrate into the monetary union in its national currency. It is the reason for the difference in the economic cycles with the countries of the European Monetary Union, and after the success of the last referendum to exit the economic union by 52%. It turned out that the decision to leave the European Economic Community it has significant economic losses. The study aimed to know the economic results of the decision to exit Britain from the European Economic Community, assuming that there are positive effects of the decision to exit the European Economic Community. The results of the study are consistent with the results of previous studies and different with the hypothesis. The analytical side demonstrated by the graphs and the general trend line as well as the standard side showed that the results of the standard aspect of the monetary and real model showed its significance before the decision to exit better than the models after the exit decision.

The modern knowledge economic system aims at rebuilding the human being in line with the developments of the times and employing his knowledge to serve the society. In order to achieve its goals, this knowledge is in dire need of an effective, targeted and developed work system that ensures the correct application of economic principles with minimum effort and minimum cost. The research aims to identify the conceptual aspect of the knowledge economy and economic competitiveness, and the impact of knowledge economy indicators on the development of the State Company for the manufacture of medicines and medical supplies in Samarra, in addition to measuring and analyzing the impact of knowledge economy on economic competitiveness. The results revealed that the knowledge economy has become a strategic necessity and not an option .It is the most efficient and fastest system that will enable the company to adapt quickly to catch up with the leading international companies. (r = 0.431) There is a weak correlation between total spending on research and development and economic competitiveness represented by productivity and a strong relationship with profitability with a correlation coefficient (r = 0.695). Knowledge economy with the aim of shifting to investing in knowledge assets rather than increasing investment in financial assets.

Financial stock exchanges are one of the most important channels that mobilize financial resources and utilize them in investments to keep the economic sustainability. The Iraq stock exchange trades and mobilizes financial resources as it is the only financial market operating in Iraq, which represents the community and research sample. The study aims to test the efficiency of the Iraq stock exchange at the weak form by using the model (ADF, PP). Statistics have been used in the study as a measure such as (Jarque-Bera). The study has come up with many conclusions. The most notable conclusions are the absence of normal distribution of weekly data for the closing prices of Iraq stock exchange index for the period 2016 - 2019, and the inefficiency of the market at the weak form. The study has seriously recommended to maximize the efficiency degree of the Iraq stock exchange at its different levels.

The petrochemical industries represent one of the most vital and strategic industries in Iraq because of the availability of the initial resources and the ease of containing them into many advanced products. This is an important basis for all other economic and industrial fields. It is necessary to identify the current reality of the petrochemical industries as well as identify future challenges and obstacles. Identify mechanisms and policies to reduce these challenges.
Therefore, the importance of research in trying to identify the current reality of petrochemical industries, and identify ways to reduce the obstacles and challenges faced in Iraq, and the development of policies and mechanisms necessary to promote the petrochemical industry. The research follows a descriptive analytical approach as the appropriate method of research. The research presented a set of conclusions. The most important of these is that the design capacity of the petrochemical industries currently in Iraq is not consistent with the aspirations of the national economy and specialized in these industries and benefit from the proposals of researchers and study it.

The research aims to show the relationship of government expenditure to inflation in Iraq during the period (2004-2017). Where Iraq gave during this period of spending an important amount in its economic policy, this spending led to the emergence of large gaps in demand and supply, which caused great inflationary pressures in the Iraqi economy, What has become of them is the lack of a real vision of government spending. One of the results of this research is a balanced relationship between government spending and inflation during the study period. Besides government spending is one of the reasons for the emergence of the problem of inflation in Iraq.

The development of agricultural exports, especially dates, has become a goal and direction that requires achieving in order to achieve the conditions of development, the multiplicity of exports and access to foreign exchange. The focus on dates comes from being the most important agricultural product that Iraq continues to export even in the most difficult economic conditions. The study deals with the Economic and Econometrical Analysis of Iraq's External Exports of Dates for The Period (1995-2017). Where the value of dates exports were taken as a dependent factor. Whereas the independent factors are (production of date, border price, exchange rate, per capita national income, local price). The stability of the time series has been tested by the Extended Dekey-Fuller test (ADF) and the Phillips-Peron test (PP). The results of the stability tests showed that some variables stabilized at the level, while others stabilized at the first difference, in addition to testing the relationship of Co-integration between the variables of the study, the (Bound Test) was used. The results showed that there is a long-term equilibrium relationship (co-integration) between the value of exports dates and independent variables. The results showed that the variables contain the expected signal, and through conducting the diagnostic tests, the model is found to be free of standard problems.

The grape harvest of the fruit crops know at the local and global levels, resulting in good quantities in Iraq, but the lack of government supports inputs production, especially traders such as fertilizers, pesticides, fuel, and others. As well as the lack of support for the outputs of marketing operations and the lack of canning plants, which have all prevented the sale of low-priced and non-profitable producers of grapes compared to the world. Inclusion of grapes farms with in the agricultural plants set up by the people of agriculture. The aim of this study was to know at the relative advantage and competitiveness of the production of the grapes in Iraq and the province of Salah-addin and analyze the impact of prices compared to social prices through the use of inputs and trade and non-trafficked. The study comparative advantage and competitiveness of grapes through the measurement of some of the indicators derived from matrix of the analysis of agricultural policy was passed mainly on the data obtained from for a random sample of agricultural people containing. Farms producing grapes in the entire governorate of salah-addin and reached this sample (221) farmers and the sample was divided into three categories according to the area. The first category included the farms with in area of (1-2) acres reached (90) farmers. The second category included farms (3-5) acres have reached (76) farmers. The third category included farms (6) acres or more and amounted to (55) farmers, The percentage of (5.81%) of the total number of grape growers in Salah-addin sample for the production season was (2018) and the results obtained from these sample were adopted as preliminary data. The results of this study showed that the measures production and indicators of comparative advantage pointed the lack of government support for the output, even if it is very small and does not correspond to the size of support provided by the state to the likes of farms in the world. The results also showed that there is a big difference between domestic and social selling prices if domestic selling prices are considered low and lost if the selling prices in the world are compared with the coefficient of the percentage of the subsidy (-32.71, -38.069, -36.003, -34.98 ). For the categories and the total sample, indicating the lack of government supp0rt for this crop. The study also found that the farmers of the first category (90) farmers who were identified according to the areas are the best category of production where the social return is high organizations they set a stadium to the squares they.

We introduce in this paper a new generalized distribution for the distribution family Topp Leone Marshall Olkin-G family under named Topp Leone Marshall Olkin Exponential distribution (TLMOE). This new distribution has three parameter and it has very flexibility for fitting many different datasets. A new distribution give flexibility shapes the probability density function as shape symmetrical or reversed or right- skewed. The hazard function can be given to the shape of a monolithic model (increasing or decreasing) and exponential. The probability density function was expanded and some mathematical and statistical characteristics were found including the quntial function, the normal moment, the generating function of the Entropy. the parameters of the distribution were estimated by the Maximum likelihood method. To demonstrate the flexibility and new scalability of the data, this distribution was applied to real medical data on breast cancer from a hospital, where the new distribution demonstrated a high correlation with real data compared with some known distributions.

Predicting the number of sunspots which is likely to occur during any given cycle is important for scientists who understanding the terrestrial consequences of solar activity. Many methods have been devised and combined and refined in an attempt to predict the activity of sunspots. In this paper, Unobserved Components Models (UCM) were highlighted and used for modeling and analyzing the monthly sunspot data for the period from January 1900 to December 2018 (1428 months), which is unstable and has a clear cycle. The analysis showed the superiority of unobserved components model to fit the sunspot data by passing the diagnostic tests as well as its high predicting. The analysis revealed that the level and seasonal components are stochastic models, and the auto regression, cycles and slope are deterministic models. The number of sunspots was predicted for a period of 100 months from January 2019 to April 2026. The sunspot number maximum in cycle 25 is predicted to occur in April 2023 with a sunspot number 146 and a solar cycle length of 125.38331 months or 10.45 years. SAS 9.4 was used in the analysis.

The research aims to study and analyze the fields of calves in Anbar province for 2018. The research requirements were met through the preparation a questionnaire, distributed randomly to a sample of calves' meat producers in 21 fields in Anbar province. These projects show that the variable costs constitute about 93.1% of the total cost. The fixed costs constituted 6.9% of the total cost. The financial and economic evaluation were conducted. All the standards, such as Rate of return on top Investor's Capital, Capital Recovery Period, Net Gross Value, and Net Value have achieved positive returns, and when the capital recovery period is applied, it is clear that the redemption period for all the fields was 1.42 years. The results of the feasibility study showed that the net present value was close to zero at a rate of 132.7%; at -134000 dinars. That is, this rate represents the internal rate of return. At this rate, the net present value of the benefits for the next ten years (the life of the project) is I.D. 5,296,362,000. The net present value of the cost for the next ten years is I.D. 5,168,785,000. In the sense that the ratio of current benefits to current costs amounted to (1.024).