Iraqi Journal of Science

The conviction that herbal drugs have enormous health benefits has led to increase the rate of their consumption by Nigerians. The aim of this study was to assess the carcinogenic property of some popularly consumed anti-diarrheal herbal drugs via polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) quantification. Three prevalent anti-diarrhea herbal drugs , Odunmo herbal drug (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis and Bacopamonnieri), Orogun herbal mixture (Hibiscus sabdariffaI and Hedera helix), and Alora herbal syrup (Aloe vera and Hibiscus sabdariffaI) were bought for the purpose of this study and they were coded as samples A, B, and C, respectively. The ultrasonic extraction of the herbal drugs was carried out using standard procedures. The crude extracts obtained were purified using a chromatographic method. The concentrations of PAHs were quantified using gas chromatography flame ionization detector (GCFID). The diagnostic indices, group distribution, toxicity equivalence and exposure dosage were estimated. The cancer risk values were theoretically speculated based on concentrations of PAHs in the tested herbal drugs, associated with the published estimates of each concentration to cause cancer and the calculated exposure doses of the anti-diarrhea herbal drug samples were within three age groups (children, Preteen and adult). The highest concentration of total PAHs was observed in sample A (58.2815mg/kg) and the lowest concentration in sample B (44.1898mg/kg), but the concentration of total PAHs in sample C was 47.4169 mg/kg. The highest percentage of carcinogenic PAHs in the anti-diarrheal herbal drugs was found in sample C (48.66%) and the lowest in sample B (38.17%). The diagnostic indices confirmed a pyrogenic source of PAHs. Group distribution of PAHs showed that the herbal drugs are weakly carcinogenic due to high concentrations of low and moderate molecular weight PAHs. The cancer risk estimated for all the age groups where below the limit established by the United State Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) for cancer (1 x 10-6). This ascertained that the use of these herbal drugs cannot cause cancer. However, consumers of these herbal drugs should take necessary precautions as excessive intake can lead to dangerous health implications.

New 2-Mercaptobenzimidazole derivatives were synthesized. 4,5-disubsitituted 1,2,4-Triazole compounds 1b-2c were synthesized from 2-(benzylthio) benzimidazole compound a, which was then reacted with (NaH) in dioxane at a temperature of (0-5 C°) to produce the salt of compound a. Then the salt was reacted with ethyl chloro acetate to yield Ethyl 2-(benzylthio) benzimidazole acetate compound b. Compound b was converted to triazole derivatives by two pathways. The first pathway was reacting compound b with semicarbazide, thiosemicarbazide and phenylsemicarbazide in DMSO as a solvent to gain compounds 1b-3b, which were then cyclized by refluxed with 2N (NaOH) to yield 1,2,4-triazole derivatives compounds 4b-6b. The second pathway involved the treatment of compound b with hydrazine hydrate to produce N-acetohydrazide-2-(benzyl thio) benzimidazole c. Compound c was refluxed with carbon disulfide (CS2) in KOH alcoholic solution to obtain the salt compound 1c. The salt was treated with hydrazine hydrate to yield 1,2,4-triazole derivative compound 2c. The newly synthesized compounds b-2c were identified by FTIR, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR and their physical properties were measured. Furthermore, their anti-microbial activities were tested against two Gram-positive and two Gram-negative bacteria and against one strain of fungi. Also, some of these synthesized compounds were tested for their anti-inflammatory activities

The title compound was synthesized by condensation between two equivalents adamantan-1-ylamine and one equivalent of benzene-1,4-dicarbaldehyde in n-BuOH and produced a good yield 87% of new bis Schiff base. The compound skeleton was affirmed by FTIR, 1H NMR, LC-MS, and X-ray powder diffraction. The structure was solved by a parallel tempering process and refined by using Rietveld refinement. Two adamantan-1-ylimino groups are connected in the anti-positions to the planar central 1,4-dimethylbenzene group. All rings of the adamantyl group possess normal chair conformation.

This study aims to evaluate the concentration of the heavy metals (Co, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn) and their ecological risk in soils adjacent to the power generators of Ramadi city, Iraq. The soil samples were collected from a depth of 20cm. The obtained results showed that the mean concentrations of heavy metals (HMs) are ranked as in the following order: Cr (360.90mg/kg) > Ni (283.65mg/kg) > Zn (190.96mg/kg) > Pb (130.75 mg/kg) > Cu (36.54 mg/kg) > Co (16.62 mg/kg) > Cd (2.55 mg/kg). The mean values of HMs concentration exceed the international guidelines. The result of correlation matrix analysis at P  0.05 showed significant correlations between the concentrations of HMs. These correlations are interpreted in the context of a common source of pollution and/or common origin. Results of the potential ecological risk factor assessment of metal i (Eir) in soil adjacent to the power generators of Ramadi city showed that the Eir values take the following descending order: Ni (354.56, very severe) > Cd (255.31, severe) , Co (207.77, severe) > Zn (88.69, heavy) > Cu (25.73, light) > Cr (17.43, light) > Pb (12.0, light). The potential ecological risk index (RI) values are classified as severe ecological risk for all studied heavy metals. This study provides the environmental protection managers and decision-makers with important information about the risk of using electrical generators in residential neighborhoods.

Eruca sativa, commonly known as rocket salad, is a popular vegetable to which a wide range of health benefits are attributed. This study aimed to examine the effects of the aqueous extract of E. sativa leaves on lipid profile and some minerals, such as calcium and magnesium, in blood of male albino mice under normal physiological condition. Two experiments were separately conducted, each with eighteen male albino mice divided into 3 equal groups, which included control, treated group (1), and treated group (2) which were orally administrated with 0, 0.2 and 0.4 mg/kg body weight, respectively, of the leaves extract for 28 days. In the first experiment, serum lipid profile, including cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL, LDL and VLDL, were estimated. In the second experiment, serum calcium and magnesium were estimated. The results showed that E. sativa have effects on lipid profile by decreasing cholesterol, triglyceride, and LDL levels, but increasing that of HDL. In addition, E. sativa increased the levels of both calcium and magnesium. This study concludes that E. sativa leaves exerts possibly beneficial effect on lipid profile and calcium and magnesium levels in albino male mice under normal conditions.

Staphylococcus aureus, which includes the methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), is a significant human pathogen producing different toxins and results in many different infection types, which include bacteremia, soft-tissue infections, as well as staphylococcal food poisoning. S. aureus is an important food-borne pathogen of humans due to ingestion of food containing enterotoxigenic strains. Detecting S. aureus femA and mecA genes was evaluated with the use of a Loop-mediated Isothermal Amplification Method (LAMP). The accuracy of this approach was similar to that attained using the approach of the conventional polymerase chain (PCR). Those two methods characterized 43 isolates of MRSA which were separated from different samples of foods and were not detected in the two other non-Staphylococcus strains (standard strains). The optimal temperature for the LAMP assay was 65°C, with a detection limit of 2.5ng/μL and 103cfu/ml, when compared to 12.5 ng/μL and 104cfu/ml for PCR. The LAMP assay permits a one-step characterization of a specific gene, with no special equipment, and needs less time compared to the traditional PCR. It is assumed that the LAMP assay is a promising alternative method for the rapid identification of S. aureus and could be used in resource-limited laboratories and fields.

This study focused on the biological synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs),
using prodigiosin pigment produced by Serratia marcescens. The effect of
parameters such as pH, temperature, time, with various concentrations of silver
nitrate (AgNO3) and prodigiosin on the synthesis of AgNPs were also studied.
Optimized results of the biosynthesis process revealed an increase in the intensity of
Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) bands of nanoparticles with shifting at the
wavelength of 400 nm. In addition, optimum synthesis of AgNPs was achieved at
pH 12, temperature 55℃, and reaction time 24 h, with concentrations of prodigiosin,
as a reducing agent, of 12.5 μg/ml and silver ion concentration of 1 mM.
Measurement of the size of silver nanoparticles by SEM diffraction revealed a value
of 30 nm. Finally, the minimum inhibitory concentration of AgNPs against
pathogenic bacteria was 32 μg/ml for Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas
aeruginosa. The results of anti-inflammatory effects of Ag NPs obviously
demonstrated that the infections of test animals treated with AgNPs were completely
healed after 4 days of treatment, while the animals treated with fucidin (as control)
did not exhibit any healing.

This study was designed to evaluate the effects of cellulose membranes produced by Acetobacter xylinum bacteria, after enrichment of the growth media with Alzahdy palm dates syrup to enhance cellulose production for reducing the contamination of locally-produced white cheese with pathogenic bacteria. Cellulose was vitally activated by incubation with both probiotics Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus plantarum and the effectiveness of the produced cellulose membranes was measured by studying six characteristics: elongation, tensile strength, membrane rupture, permeability to oxygen, permeability to water vapor, and thickness (mm). The produced membranes showed remarkable functionality and characteristics for all studied tests. The results indicate that the cellulose membranes showed high antibacterial activity after incubation with Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus plantarum for 24 and 48 hours against five different pathogenic bacteria, namely E. coli, S. aureus, Pseudomonas sp., B. cereus and S. typhymurim. Moreover, a positive result was obtained by reducing the number of these pathogenic bacteria after treating the white cheese with the produced cellulose membranes.

Unsaturated polyester toughened Epoxy was developed. Epoxy resin had toughened by weight fraction of 10, 20, 30, and 40 wt. % unsaturated polyester. FTIR spectroscopy has been used to investigating the intermolecular hydrogen bonding. Unsaturated polyester–epoxy matrices were characterized for their thermal properties. The FTIR test detected a peak shift of the functional groups which can explain cross-linking occurs between the two resins. The crosslinking between epoxy and unsaturated polyester confirmed via the existence of the stretching asymmetrical C-C band and contraction of the C-O band. The DSC test demonstrated that glass transition temperature value decreases with epoxy strengthening. The specific heat capacity and thermal conductivity have been affected the unsaturated polyester percentage. Thermal conductivity, specific heat capacity and thermal effuisivity increased by weight fraction of polyester. The thermal diffusivity values of blends showed a little decreasing.

The interacting boson models, and were used to perform a complete study of even –even 160-168Yb isotopes .The low –lying positive parity states, dynamic symmetries, reduced electric quadrupole transition probability , quadruple momentum , and potential energy surface for 160-168Yb were investigated. Energy level sequences and energy ratios showed the gradual transition of the properties of these nuclei from the γ-unstable features to the rotational features . Adding the pairing parameter to Hamiltonian had a very slight effect on this feature, but it raised the β band, since it represents symmetry breaking such as in γ-unstable features . This applies to the experimental decay scheme of 160-168Yb isotopes. In , proton and neutron quadruple deformation parameters π and showed values equal to -1.24 and approximately 0.7, respectively, which supports the same idea in the interacting boson model . A contour plot of the potential energy surface for 160-168Yb isotopes showed that the minimum potential occurs at approximately .

CZTS / CdS / ZnO / ITO solar cell was studied using Solar Cell Capacitance
Simulato-1D (SCAPS-1D) program. We performed an improvement on the
theoretical cell by increasing the doping and thickness of some layers. As a result,
the efficiency was shifted from 2.18% to 6.17% and several back reflection layers
(BSL) were introduced on the enhanced cell until. We obtained a highest conversion
efficiency of 13.99%. The best reflection layer (CZTSSe) was combined with the
best buffer layer (CdSe), with thickness of 0.9μm, on the enhanced cell. Thereby, we
obtained a cell with a conversion efficiency of 16.53%. A second improvement was
made to the best obtained cell, where the CZTSSe with thickness of 0.05μm and the
CdSe with thickness of 0.9μm were combined. Consequently, the efficiency was
increased from 16.53% to 21.76%. By comparing the experimental results with
those obtained with the program, it was found that the program simulates reality, i.e.
the experimental and theoretical results matched.

Capacitive–resistive humidity sensors based on polythiophene (P3HT) organic semiconductor as an active material hybrid with three types of metallic nanoparticles (NP) (Ag, Al, and Cu) were synthesized by pulsed laser ablation (PLA). The hybrid P3HT/metallic nanoparticles were deposited on indium-tin-oxide (ITO) substrate at room temperature. The surface morphology of theses samples was studied by using field emission scanning electron micrographs (FE-SEM), which indicated the formation of nanoparticles with grain size of about 50nm. The electrical characteristics of the sensors were examined as a function of the relative humidity levels. The sensors showed an increase in the capacitance with variation in the humidity level. While the resistivity While the resistivity decrease nonlinearity in the variation of humidity level from 10% to 100%.. The results show that the recovery and response times were higher for the Al/P3HT/Cu/Al sensor compared with those of the other nanoparticles.

It is an ideal area of research to examine related indicators to anticipate relative
tectonic activities, where there is a broad range of geological formations with
elements of different sedimentary rocks. This study includes assessing and
evaluating the relative tectonic activities within the Sargalu area by using a
morphometric approach, which involved the use of different indices that can explain
and help understanding the geometry, development level, lithology, and structural
disturbance on a sub-basinal level. The research was accomplished by using ArcGIS
10.5 hydrology tools to design the drainage system of each studied stream. The
Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission Radiometer (ASTER) satellite imagery
data and the Digital Elevation Model (DEM 90m) were used. Moreover, Global
Mapper and Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) were applied. DEM
datasets of ASTER were used for watershed delineation. Also, 14 sub-basins were
delineated in the Sargalu area. Morphometric indices used include Shape Related
Indices, such as Rc, Bs, Rf, Ls, Re, T, and Af. Basin asymmetry factor (Af) and
several geomorphic indices were also utilized. Based on the shape related indices
(Rc, Rf, Re, Ls, and Cc), the results were found to be similar and, for most subbasins,
had an elongated nature. The elongated basins are connected with
tectonically active areas, while the circulated basins are connected with the
tectonically undisturbed environment.

The Late Maastrichtian–Danian phosphatic succession prevails as a deposit to the west of Rutbah region, Western Iraq. This is manifested through the lithostratigraphic sections of boreholes (K.H5\6 and K.H 5\8) drilled previously in the area. The succession is mainly composed of phosphate, shale, porcelanite, oyster and foraminiferal carbonate lithofacies belonging to Digma and Akashat formations. Three facies associations are distinguished during the study: the phosclast planktonic (FA1) that dominates the outer ramp, the phosclast foraminiferal (FA2) that dominates the mid ramp, and the quartz dolomitic phosclast (FA3) present in the inner ramp. These facies’ associations are differentiated into seventeen microfacies types. Microfacies analysis and fauna contents have shown gradual facies variation grading from a high energy inner ramp environment in the east to a low energy deep water ramp environment in the west.

This study presents the determination of the paleostress magnitudes and orientation of Bekhme Structure in Shaqlawa area, northeastern Iraq. Paleostress analysis of slip-fault measurements is performed using Right dihedral, Lisle diagram, and Mohr Circles methods. Depending on Mohr Circles, Bott law, and vertical thickness, the magnitudes of the paleostress at the time of the tectonic activity were determined. Firstly, Georient Software was used to estimate the orientation of the paleostresses (σ1, σ2, and σ3). Secondly, using the rupture –friction law, taking into account the depth of the overburden and the vertical stress (σv),the magnitudes of the paleostresses were calculated (σ1=4500 bars, σ2=1900 bars and σ3=700 bars). The high magnitudes of the principal stress axes may be attributed to the active tectonic events which led to the deformation of the area during the Cretaceous and Tertiary periods. The study area shows that the poles of the measured faults lie in the reactivated area of Mohr circles. This indicates the instability of the study area. The study area is estimated to have high importance, due to the possibility of the existence of deposited hydrocarbons. Fold- Thrust belt marks the deformation fronts of the major orogeny that forms from the collision of the Arabian Plate with the Turkish and Iranian Plates.

This study aims to assess the suitability of the sediments present in Tigris River, Tikrit city, northern Iraq for concrete production and road building purposes. Representative samples were collected from three selected stations at the study area using the channel modeling method. According to the grain size analysis, the sediments were classified as a type of poorly graded gravels (GP) depending on the unified soil classification system. The true specific gravity of the soil ranged between 2.28 and 2.568. The chemical analysis of the study samples revealed that gypsum content ranged between 0.82 and 1.69 %. Total soluble salts ranged 2.45- 3.87%, the organic matter content ranged 0.14- 0.76%, and the pH value was between 7.73 and 7.38%. The results of the Los Angeles Abrasion Test of selected samples showed weight loss ratios for the three stations (1, 2, and 3) of 19.9, 20.7, and 17.2%, respectively, while the maximum dry density values were 2.2739, 2.1940, and 2.2013 gm / cm3, respectively. The values of the Californian Bearing Ratio test (C.B.R) were 53, 65 and 106 %, respectively. After comparing the results with the standard values of ASTM for concrete and roads materials, it was found that the samples were suitable for these purposes.

The Paleocene-Early Eocene sequence is represented by Aliji and Umm Er Radhuma formations, while the Middle-Late Eocene sequence is represented by Jaddala and Dammam formations. The Rus Formation has been described and its basin was analyzed separately because it was deposited during the regression period (Middle Eocene), which is a transitional period between these two cycles.
This study includes analysis of the geohistory of this succession, interpretation of the changes of the accumulation, and calculation of subsidence rates. The results were compared with the space available to explain the basin development. The study site included the boreholes of Garraf-84 and 92, Halfaya-1, Nasirya-13 and 40, and Noor-5 at the Mesopotamian Block, in addition to the Ratawi-8, Tuba-15, Rumaila-217, Zubair-45, and West Qurna-60 at the Basra Block.
The Aliji basin was characterized by the decrease in accommodation values to the northeast direction and the increase in all the other parts of the study area. A comparison of the setting of this basin with the Umm Er Radhuma basin gives a clear evidence of the tectonic impact coming from the northeast. During the Middle Eocene stage, we notice that the basin was affected by comprehensive uplifting processes. This led to the generation of a very shallow basin (Rus basin) with the exposure of the northern part of the basin during the regression stage.
The Middle-Late Eocene basin is represented by a transgression stage with high subsidence, where the sea level had been raised and covered the northeastern and eastern parts of the studied area by deep sea deposits (Jaddala Formation). While the other parts of the study area were characterized by shallow sediments of Dammam Formation. This period ended with a clear tectonic uplift occurring in the northeastern parts and decreasing towards the southwest. This confirms the reactivation of the tectonic action from the northeast, represented by the continental collision.
All these sources of evidence indicate that the study area is divided into a northern part and a southern part. Both of these parts are separated by a major tectonic lineament extending from the West Qurna oil field to the Nasiriya oil field, which confirms the presence of the tectonic boundary between the Mesopotamian block and the Basra block. In addition, there exists a secondary tectonic boundary that divides the Mesopotamian block into two parts, the first is to the east and the other is to the west. The results showed that the eastern side was most affected by the collision of the Iranian Plate with the Arabian Plate, which led to its uplift, while the western side was less affected by this tectonics evidence.

In this paper, we develop the work of Ghawi on close dual Rickart modules and discuss y-closed dual Rickart modules with some properties. Then, we prove that, if are y-closed simple -modues and if -y-closed is a dual Rickart module, then either Hom ( ) =0 or . Also, we study the direct sum of y-closed dual Rickart module

Analysis of variance (ANOVA) is one of the most widely used methods in statistics to analyze the behavior of one variable compared to another. The data were collected from a sample size of 65 adult males who were nonsmokers, light smokers, or heavy smokers. The aim of this study is to analyze the effects of cigarette smoking on high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) level and determine whether smoking causes a reduction in this level, by using the completely randomized design (CRD) and Kruskal- Wallis method. The results showed that the assumptions of the one- way ANOVA are not satisfied, while, after transforming original data by using log transformation, they are satisfied. From the results, a significantly decreased level of HDL-C in smokers as compared to non-smokers is indicated.

Analyzing the impacts of Cattaneo-Christov flux, bioconvective Raleigh number and cross diffusion effects in electrically conducting micropolar fluid through a paraboloid revolution is assessed in this work. Non-dimensional equations are solved numerically using shooting technique with an aid of Matlab software. The impact of various parameters on velocity, temperature and concentration are discussed in detail and presented graphically. Harman number and micro rotation parameters are found and have an increasing influence on shear stress. The vertical velocity increases at free stream and the horizontal velocity increases near the surface when Grb increases, which follows the opposite trend for accumulation of Rb. The numerical results are compared with the available data indicating good agreement in a limiting case.

The aim of this research is to prove the idea of maximum mX-N-open set, m-Nextremally
disconnected with respect to  and provide some definitions by utilizing
the idea of mX-N-open sets. Some properties of these sets are studied.

Let R be an associative ring with identity and let M be a left R-module . As a generalization of μ-semiregular modules, we introduce an F-μ-semiregular module. Let F be a submodule of M and xεM. x is called F-μ-semiregular element in M , if there exists a decomposition M=A⨁B, such that A is a projective submodule of and . M is called F-μ-semiregular if x is F-μ-semiregular element for each xεM. A condition under which the module μ-semiregular is F-μ-semiregular module was given. The basic properties and some characterizations of the F-μ-semiregular module were provided.

The concept of strong soft ???? pre-open set was initiated by Biswas and Parsanann.We utilize this notion to study several characterizations and properties of this set. We investigate the relationships between this set and other types of soft open sets. Moreover, the properties of the strong soft ???? pre-interior and closure are discussed. Furthermore, we define a new concept by using strong soft ???? pre-closed that we denote as locally strong soft ???? pre-closed, in which several results are obtained. We establish a new type of soft pre-open set, namely soft ???? pre-open. Also, we continue to study pre- ???? soft open set and discuss the relationships among all these sets. Some counter examples are given to show some relationships obtained in this work.

T he concept of closed quasi principally injective acts over monoids is
introduced which signifies a generalization for the quasi principally injective as
well as for the closed quasi injective act s . Characterization of this concept is
intended to show the beha vior of a closed quasi principally injective property. At the
same time, some properties of closed quasi principally injective acts are examined in
terms of their endomorphism mon oid. Also, the characterization of a closed
self principally injective monoid is give n in terms of its annihilator. The relationship
between the following concepts is also studied ; closed quasi principally injective
acts over monoids, Hopfian, co Hopfian, and directly finite property . Ultimately,
based on the results obtained, the conditions on subacts to inherit a closed quasi
principally injective property were shown . Part of this paper wa s dedicated to
studying the relationship between the classes of clo sed quasi principally injective
acts with some generalizations of injectivity. Conclusions and future remarks of this
work are given.

The peristaltic transport of power-law fluid in an elastic tapered tube with variable cross-section induced by dilating peristaltic wave is studied. The exact solution of the expression for axial velocity, radial velocity, stream function, local shear stress, volume of flow rate and pressure gradient are obtained under the assumption of long wavelength and low Reynolds number. The effects of all parameters that appear in the problem are analyzed through graphs. The results showed that the flux is sinusoidal in nature and it is an increasing function with the increase of whereas it is a decreasing function with the increase of . An opposite behavior for shear strain is noticed compared to pressure gradient. Finally, trapping phenomenon is presented to explain the physical behavior of various parameters. It is noted that the size of the trapping bolus increases with increasing whereas it decreases as increases. MATHEMATICA software is used to plot all figures.

Let be a commutative ring with an identity and be a unitary -module. We say that a non-zero submodule of is primary if for each
with en either or √ and an -module is a small primary if √ = √ for each proper submodule small in . We provided and demonstrated some of the characterizations and features of these types of submodules (modules).

In this paper, we introduce a type of modules, namely S-K-nonsingular modules, which is a generalization of K-nonsingular modules. A comprehensive study of these classes of modules is given.

In this paper, a new hybridization of supervised principal component analysis (SPCA) and stochastic gradient descent techniques is proposed, and called as SGD-SPCA, for real large datasets that have a small number of samples in high dimensional space. SGD-SPCA is proposed to become an important tool that can be used to diagnose and treat cancer accurately. When we have large datasets that require many parameters, SGD-SPCA is an excellent method, and it can easily update the parameters when a new observation shows up. Two cancer datasets are used, the first is for Leukemia and the second is for small round blue cell tumors. Also, simulation datasets are used to compare principal component analysis (PCA), SPCA, and SGD-SPCA. The results show that SGD-SPCA is more efficient than other existing methods.

In this article, the additivity of higher multiplicative mappings, i.e., Jordan mappings, on generalized matrix algebras are studied. Also, the definition of Jordan higher triple product homomorphism is introduced and its additivity on generalized matrix algebras is studied.

In this work, we prove by employing mapping Cone that the sequence and the subsequence of the characteristic-zero are exact and subcomplex respectively in the case of partition (6,6,4) .

Global services with an agent or a multi-agent system are a promising and new research area. However, several measures have been proposed to demonstrate the benefits of agent technology by supporting distributed services and applying smart agent technology in web dynamics. This paper is designed to build a Semantic Web on the World Wide Web (WWW) to enhance the productivity of managing electronic library applications, which poses a problem to researchers and students, represnted by the process of exchanging books from e-libraries, where the process is slow or the library needs large system data.
In this work, we found a solution to this problem by using agent technology based on the WebSocket, where any user can use this library to achieve fast communication and high information based on the e-library. The model will be simple and small. In addition, the library does not need an employee responsible for entering information into the library database, as the Firebase includes a cloud-based database that synchronizes data across every client in Real-time and supplies offline functionality. Any researcher can access the form by logging in. This application is installed on the central library server and every user who uses this library reaches a quick result, as conducted and proven in the current work.
On average, the time required to process 10 requests using HTTP was about 25 ms, while it was 19 ms when Socket.io was utilized for the processing of 100, 500, and 1000 requests, time values were 168 ms, 779 ms, and 1520 ms using HHTP and 30 ms, 102 ms, and 172 ms using Socket.io, respectively. Therefore, the proposed model which employes Websockets is about 5 to 7 times faster than HTTP.

Iris recognition occupies an important rank among the biometric types of approaches as a result of its accuracy and efficiency. The aim of this paper is to suggest a developed system for iris identification based on the fusion of scale invariant feature transforms (SIFT) along with local binary patterns of features extraction. Several steps have been applied. Firstly, any image type was converted to grayscale. Secondly, localization of the iris was achieved using circular Hough transform. Thirdly, the normalization to convert the polar value to Cartesian using Daugman’s rubber sheet models, followed by histogram equalization to enhance the iris region. Finally, the features were extracted by utilizing the scale invariant feature transformation and local binary pattern. Some sigma and threshold values were used for feature extraction, which achieved the highest rate of recognition. The programming was implemented by using MATLAB 2013. The matching was performed by applying the city block distance. The iris recognition system was built with the use of iris images for 30 individuals in the CASIA v4. 0 database. Every individual has 20 captures for left and right, with a total of 600 pictures. The main findings showed that the values of recognition rates in the proposed system are 98.67% for left eyes and 96.66% for right eyes, among thirty subjects.

In the last few years, the Internet of Things (IoT) is gaining remarkable attention in both academic and industrial worlds. The main goal of the IoT is laying on describing everyday objects with different capabilities in an interconnected fashion to the Internet to share resources and to carry out the assigned tasks. Most of the IoT objects are heterogeneous in terms of the amount of energy, processing ability, memory storage, etc. However, one of the most important challenges facing the IoT networks is the energy-efficient task allocation. An efficient task allocation protocol in the IoT network should ensure the fair and efficient distribution of resources for all objects to collaborate dynamically with limited energy. The canonical definition for network lifetime in the IoT is to increase the period of cooperation between objects to carry out all the assigned tasks. The main contribution in this paper is to address the problem of task allocation in the IoT as an optimization problem with a lifetime-aware model. A genetic algorithm is proposed as a task allocation protocol. For the proposed algorithm, a problem-tailored individual representation and a modified uniform crossover are designed. Further, the individual initialization and perturbation operators (crossover and mutation) are designed so as to remedy the infeasibility of any solution located or reached by the proposed genetic algorithm. The results showed reasonable performance for the proposed genetic-based task allocation protocol. Further, the results prove the necessity for designing problem-specific operators instead of adopting the canonical counterparts.

This paper aimed to determine the Optimal Reliable Frequency (ORF) that can maintain certain connection link between different transmitter/receiver stations laid over the Iraqi territory. Three different transmitting sites were chosen as tested stations located in the northern, central, and southern regions of Iraq. These sites are Mosul, Baghdad, and Basra, respectively. In this study, the years 2009 and 2014, which represent the minimum and maximum years of solar cycle 24, were chosen to examine the effect of low and high solar activity on the determined ORF. The datasets of the Best Usable Frequency (BUF) were calculated using the ASAPS international communication model. An analytical study was made on the generated BUF parameter dataset of the annual time for the adopted years. Also, an analytical simulation was made for the suggested ORF parameter depending on the BUF parameter datasets. The results of this simulation showed that the suggested ORF parameter can be represented by polynomial equation of different orders. The suggested formula was determined depending on different tested parameters (path length, bearing, time (day) and BUF values). For this purpose, a certain program was built using a visual basic programing language (VB6). The suggested ORF parameter was investigated for the annual time for the three sites of the years 2009 and 2014.