Surra Man Ra'a

(The solution to the most difficult pitfalls of the place, interpretation of "Juz' Amma", by Imam Khader bin Mahmoud bin Omar Al-Atofi, who died in the year: 948 AH) It is a marginal note on the interpretation of Al-Kashshaf by Imam Al-Zamakhshari - may God have mercy on him -. This marginal note derives its importance from the importance of the interpretation on which it was written, and both derive their importance from the Book of God Almighty. Numerous marginal notes have been written on this interpretation, and scholars have accepted it for explanation and study; This is due to its brevity in expression and its combination of language, grammar, rhetoric and interpretation.

Studying the Quranic word is one of the important matters for the student of knowledge - and the science of interpretation in particular -; Knowing it is one of the ways that leads to a correct understanding of the Book of God, and every word in the Holy Qur’an is extremely eloquent, eloquent, and clear, and no word synonymous with it can replace it in the verse. Because this will lead to a disruption of the meaning, and every word comes appropriate to its place in the verses, and this is one of the miracles of the Holy Qur’an, and the researcher in this study shows the Quranic word and its effect in the Quranic context through studying Surat Al-Qasas, an explanatory and explanatory study.

The Holy Qur'an was revealed in seven dialects as a form of ease and mercy for the Ummah (nation), and to make it easier for the various Arab tribes with their diverse dialects and differing vocabularies. The majority of scholars agree that the seven "ahruf" (modes) refer to different linguistic variations in which the Qur'an was revealed at a certain stage. Later, Caliph Uthman ibn Affan compiled the Qur'an into a single dialect to prevent disagreements among people.

1. The science of al-Munāsabah (textual coherence) studies the cohesion and harmony among the various levels—phonetic, morphological, syntactic, and semantic—in its analysis of the chapters of the Qur’an.
2. The science of al-Munāsabah affirms the unity of the Qur’anic text and proves the divine arrangement of its verses and chapters, emphasizing that it is the speech of God, which no human can replicate.
3. Surah Al-Ikhlas is one of the Meccan chapters, and its central theme is Islamic creed and the affirmation of monotheism.
4. The Surah begins with the attributes of God the Creator, stating that He is Ahad (One) and Samad (Self-Sufficient), which affirms His uniqueness and absolute transcendence.
5. The noble surah affirms that Allah, exalted is He, “neither begets nor is born” (Al-Ikhlāṣ: 3), and subsequently presents the evidence substantiating this fundamental theological truth.
6. The surah concludes by categorically negating any partner, equal, or comparable entity to Him: “And there is none comparable to Him” (Al-Ikhlāṣ: 4).

Scholars have been interested in interpreting the Holy Quran, and their interpretations have varied between exegesis by tradition and interpretation by language the interpretation of the verses of the rulings and the extraction of rhetorical and Arabic aspects in the verses, while the extraction of purposes from the Qur'anic texts did not receive its right to write, and this research comes to extract the worldly and eschatological purposes contained in Surah Al-Naba, such as the preservation of religion and offspring The purpose of this research is to extract the worldly and eschatological purposes contained in Surah Al-Naba', including the preservation of religion and offspring, the bliss of paradise, and the hell of hell God's words.

The current research aims to study (Introduction to the Waqf of Imam Hamza on the Hamza through the Protection of Wishes by Sheikh Shams al-Din Abu Abdullah Muhammad al-Dimyati - Study and Investigation) in which the researcher stands on the author's biography in terms of mentioning his name, nickname and title as well as his date of birth and death, then he mentioned a brief biography of his sheikhs from whom he took his knowledge and understanding in various sciences as well as his students who acquired their knowledge from him and also the scholars' mention of him. Then the research turned to studying the manuscript and describing the handwritten copies used in the investigation as well as the investigation method followed, then studying the investigated section after comparing the handwritten copies and writing the text of the manuscript after the comparison and investigation and interpreting the words or terms that need interpretation and clarification.

The science of belief is one of the most useful and best sciences. and since the highest purpose of human creation is monotheism. it is the duty of the individual Muslim to arm himself with the correct belief that will save him from the punishment of God. and since many Islamic sects have lost their way and deviated from the path of truth. it is our duty to explain what May God Almighty protect us from the lack of knowledge and science. and that we may discover the right path. Since the explanation of the purpose by Akmal al-Din al-Barbarti al-Hanafi was one of those who excelled in this field; I decided to present it to study and investigate it and present it as a scientific project.

The Iraqi prose poem, in its use of epidemics and diseases, was able to present a creative vision that goes beyond the documentary dimension, reaching the formulation of a poetic discourse that carries dystopian connotations expressing the existential crises of man. By analyzing poetic texts, it turned out that poetry is not limited to being a means of expression, but an act of resistance against the cruelty of reality, a constant quest to understand the nature of Man and his relationship with the world.

Nature has a close connection with literature, and it is reflected in the works of poets as they express their feelings toward the details that paint the environment, such as mountains, valleys, rivers, trees, flowers, deserts, and grains of sand. Similarly, the sky, glittering with stars, planets, and meteors, is also depicted. These visions often include contrasts between emotions of love and passion, and feelings of suffering, complaint, and pain. This research will attempt to capture the features that converge within the poetic form originating from the heart of the Arabian Peninsula, reaching our ears through the verses of a poet whose name has been beautifully preserved in poetic history for a long time: Tarfa ibn al-Abd, the slain youth. Although he did not live long, our poet was a unique artistic phenomenon, and his early poetic brilliance helped solidify his stature and reinforce his artistic foundation. As a result, this reflects the artistic value of his era, which, despite being studied extensively, still holds hidden gems and features in need of further exploration and analysis

there was a complex political and ideological background behind the rapid change in education directors. the general political atmosphere in the arab levant countries such as egypt and syria during the fifties was greatly influenced by the egyptian revolution, especially the ideology of nationalism and arab unity, and above all the call to liberate the arab nation from western colonialism. qatar, like the rest of the arab gulf countries at that time, was under british protection, which had long isolated these countries from the arab levant countries. however, the need to expand education during the fifties broke this isolation and opened the door wide between the gulf countries and the advanced arab countries, which volunteered to provide the gulf countries with teachers, directors, books and curricula through educational channels.

The French occupation of Algeria is considered one of the largest settler-colonial models in the history of modern European colonialism. France’s policy aimed from the beginning to extend French influence in the region and seize its resources and wealth. Therefore, the French settler-colonial administration worked to obliterate the components of the national character and remove the national entity. Algerian, so that she can control the country and steal his land and wealth for her own benefit. This research dealt with the political, economic and social reality in Algeria in the period between (1830 - 1852), the policy that France followed during that period, and the relationship between the indigenous population (Algerians) and the French (settlers), as France made a clear distinction in Its dealings with both sides, as it was seizing lands from the indigenous people of the country to give them to the settlers, in addition to the settlers’ access to jobs, businesses and trade, until the settler minority took control of the country due to the French administration’s support for them.

This research offers a comprehensive study of the Tulunid state as Egypt's first experience of political and administrative independence from the Abbasid Caliphate since the Islamic conquest, focusing on its historical and urban dimensions and cultural influences. The research begins by tracing the emergence of the Tulunid dynasty, from its Turkish origins in the Fergana region to the emergence of Ahmad ibn Tulun as the de facto ruler of Egypt in the mid-third century AH, taking advantage of the weakness of the Abbasid Caliphate and the disintegration of its central authority. The research also highlights the stages of the establishment of the Tulunid state, from its administrative and military empowerment to its expansion into the Levant, including the construction of its new capital (al-Qat'i') and its famous mosque, considered one of the most important landmarks of Islamic architecture in Egypt. The research also examines the reasons for the collapse of this state after the death of Khumarawayh, as a result of economic decline, administrative corruption, and internal conflicts, which paved the way for the return of Abbasid rule in 292 AH. In the second section, the research discusses the prominent urban features of the Tulunid era, such as palaces, mosques, Kuttabs, and ribats. It analyzes how these buildings represented a unique blend of the Abbasid style and local Egyptian architectural techniques (Pharaonic and Coptic), producing a distinct style that reflected an independent political-urban identity. The third section sheds light on the architectural influences of the Tulunid dynasty, along three lines: first, the influence of Abbasid architecture (particularly the Samarrai style); second, the absorption of Egyptian architectural peculiarities; and third, the unique Tulunid creativity that formed the nucleus of the Egyptian Islamic style in later eras. The research also traces the repercussions of this influence on state institutions (such as palaces and schools), and its continuation in the Ikhshidid and Fatimid states, proving that the Tulunid state was not merely a transitional phase, but rather a founding milestone for the Islamic political and urban identity in Egypt.

This research examines the flawed policies of the Khwarazmian state toward the Abbasid Caliphate and the Mongol forces, whose invasion was a fierce response to Khwarazmian actions. The Khwarazmian state held significant dominance in Transoxiana, controlling vast territories stretching from the borders of Arab Iraq in the west to India in the east, and from the northern Caspian and Aral Seas to the Arabian Gulf and the Indian Ocean in the south. Given this vast power and territorial reach, it was inevitable that Sultan Alaeddin Takash’s ambitions would extend into contested regions, provoking tensions with other rulers. This expansionist approach led to a prolonged political crisis marked by significant events, which the research seeks to explore. The study aims to analyze the causes and consequences of these policies and their impact on the Islamic world, which became a prime target for foreign aggression, particularly the Mongol invasion. This devastating campaign resulted in the destruction of numerous Muslim lands and the loss of countless lives. The research raises critical questions: Who bears responsibility for these events? Was Caliph Al-Nasir li-Din Allah’s response adequate and decisive given the severity of the crisis? And to what extent was he able to safeguard the Caliphate from external threats? These are the key issues this study will address, God willing. May God grant success.

The Kashmir region remains one of the most prominent hotspots of tension in the contemporary world, particularly within the Indian subcontinent. The Kashmir issue is classified among the unresolved global conflicts for which the international community has yet to find effective solutions. Instead, it has become a source of concern for several countries. The strategic importance of the region to India lies in its role in the balance of power with China. Conversely, for Pakistan, Kashmir holds significant geo-economic value, as it is the origin of three major rivers—Indus, Jhelum, and Chenab—that flow into Pakistani territory. Moreover, the geographical proximity between Pakistan and Kashmir poses a potential threat to Pakistan’s national security should India gain full control over the region. Additionally, the economic interests and population ties of Kashmir are closely linked to Pakistan; the region has no access to a seaport except through Karachi in Pakistan, and its population shares strong religious and familial connections with the people of Pakistan.

The current world is witnessing a knowledge revolution that resulted in technological development, which brought to the fore many and varied problems such as drugs and addiction, which have moved from their tangible side such as injection, sniffing, smoking, taking pills and hallucinogens to a new type called digital drugs. This is a new term for what is known, as they are not a product of nature or the product of complex chemical processes inside laboratories, but rather the result of the tremendous development in technological media, which have today become an easy means of access for everyone, especially young people and teenagers, represented by smart phones, computers and other media. People in the Arab Gulf countries, especially the State of Kuwait, were not isolated from being affected by this escalating problem, which has had negative effects on the members of Kuwaiti society.

In recent decades, the world has witnessed an unprecedented boom in the field of digital technology, which has led to a radical change in the way individuals and countries interact. At the same time, cybercrime has emerged as one of the most prominent security challenges facing modern societies. Cybercrimes are crimes that cross borders in nature, as criminals can carry them out from anywhere in the world, which makes pursuing them and protecting victims a major challenge to traditional legal systems. Here the role of international criminal law is highlighted as the most important legal framework for dealing with this phenomenon by establishing rules regulating Cooperation between countries and achieving justice at the global level.

publicity discourse possesses a special occasion that makes it an influential means of effective communication based on attracting attention to achieve a benefit that may be economic, social, or political. This characteristic also makes it a discourse with an argumentative effect. Advertising discourses, especially those expressing cultures, have acquired a profound intellectual dimension due to the mechanisms of influence and persuasion that advertising possesses, not only at the individual level, but also at the level of public opinion. In this section, the research will present the argumentative effect in various advertising discourses, represented by the means, mechanisms, and methods that are effective in argumentation, to raise their advertising value, which in turn increases their influencing effectiveness on the audience.

This study investigate the use of catenative verbs in essay writing by university –level students of English as a foreign language (EFL). Catenative verbs, which are followed by other verbs in either the to- infinitive or the ing-form, play a crucial role in sentence complexity and fluency. The present study aims at identifying the frequency ,accuracy, and range of catenative verbs usage in students’ essays, and to explore potential challenges EFL learners face in their application. A qualitative and quantitative analysis was conducted on a corpus of essays written by undergraduate EFL students. Findings indicate a limited variety of catenative verbs used, with frequent errors in verb complementation patterns. The study highlights the need for more focused instruction on catenative verb structures in academic writing curricula and suggests pedagogical strategies for improving their accurate usage.

The present study examines how EFL college students make errors when utilizing cohesive resources in their oral and written presentations. The examined cohesive resources encompass adverbial links, lexical cohesion, pronouns, ellipsis, substitution, and linguistic and referential cohesion. We recorded and transcribed samples from oral presentations, debates, and group discussions and written samples from 75 male and 50 female university students at Baghdad University, all of whom were involved in the study. The results show that the most common errors were with pronouns and conjunctions, with male students making more errors with ellipses and conjunctions. Pronouns and lexical cohesiveness were more of a challenge for the female students. Fewer ellipsis, substitution, linguistic, and referential cohesion errors were found. The study emphasizes the difficulties that Iraqi students whose native language is Arabic face when using cohesive devices, such as pronouns, conjunctions, and lexical cohesion, to keep their discourse coherent. The lack of statistical significance in the observed gender differences suggests that other factors may significantly impact students' utilization of cohesive resources. This study examines the use of a pilot test and the pragmatism, agility, curiosity, and execution validity test on EFL college students' cohesive device use. The results show significant conjunction and pronoun errors, especially in written assignments.

The lives of many people we meet daily revolve around our direct reactions, whether intentional or otherwise. Criticisms and comments that provoke negative feelings in the person we are talking to may lead the individual to negative psychological states, which consequently affect his private life and the consequences of future events. In this research, the researcher attempts to shed light on similar cases that relate to what individuals suffer from a psychological complex called inferiority. This term was introduced by the psychologist Alfred Adler to discuss similar cases of various kinds. The text of Toni Morrison's novel, The Bluest Eye, is analysed on the basis of causes, exacerbations, and consequences related to the psychological complex mentioned above.

This study explores how critical discourse analysis (CDA) reveals the relationship between language and social context in political texts. Using Ruth Wodak's Discourse Historical Approach(2011), it analyzes speeches by Tony Blair to uncover power dynamics and ideological relations. Blair's language is shown to promote his agenda, appeal to cultural values, and reinforce his ideology. The study highlights the importance of understanding intertextuality, discursive strategies, and power relations in analysing political texts. By applying CDA, researchers can gain a deeper understanding of how language shapes and is shaped by social context. This framework can help analysts present more accurate and nuanced interpretations of political texts, uncovering underlying ideologies and power structures. The study demonstrates CDA's value in analyzing political discourse and its potential to inform more effective analysis and interpretation.