journal of kufa studies center

"The sanctity of the mountain" and "The story of Nimrod" are important topics that have an exaggerated religious and mythological character. At the same time, they are considered interesting and controversial topics among researchers and specialists in archaeological, historical and religious studies, including the texts of the Old Testament book " The Hebrew Torah". Hence, the researcher tried to delve into the details of these two topics and study them in two axes: The first of them is of a sacred religious nature, represented by the "sanctity of the mountain". The second is of an exaggerated mythological nature, represented by the "story of Nimrod". The aim of the study is as follows:
First: Clarifying the role and position of the mountain in the civilizations of the ancient Near East and ancient nations and peoples in the light of the study of cuneiform texts, foremost of which are the texts of the ancient Iraqi literary heritage of epics, legends and stories.
Second: Verification of the authenticity and accuracy of what is mentioned in some of the stories and narratives of the Old Testament book " The Hebrew Torah", represented by its thirty-nine books, which the Jews began to rewrite after their return from the city of Babylon to Palestine, and to prove that many of them are not devoid of the exaggerated mythological aspect in terms of the elements of the historical event (persons, time, place), the geography of the event and the history of the events contained in the biblical texts in comparison with the ground and with the help of contemporary cuneiform and historical codes and sources hers.

The science of jurisprudence is related to concepts, some of which are considered to be principles, and others play the role of rules in it. The concept of interest is one of the key concepts and connotations in jurisprudence, especially in political jurisprudence and governmental jurisprudence. The function of this concept in the process of deduction is evident, not only in Shiite jurisprudence , but also in Sunni jurisprudence.
Regardless of functional areas, structures, and analysis of pro and con opinions, this article seeks to clarify the meanings of these two words. The semantic view of interest and jurisprudence can be an explanation of some of the questions of the Interest and Jurisprudence Front. This research, by investigating the concepts of interest and jurisprudence, based on linguistics and Qur'anic employment, will explore the relationships between these two categories.

One of the important issues that afflicts us a lot in our time is the issue of marrying with the disbelievers and marrying them, and the central question in this research is the realization of the legal ruling towards the association with the pagan infidel who is not in the Bible, the biblical infidel, the apostate infidel and the nasibi.
This research consists of six topics with the number of topics discussed, the first of which I called the meanings of the research concepts, where I dealt with the explanation of some terms in language and terminology, and dealt with four demands: kufr in language and terminology, shirk is a language, and the difference between kufr and shirk is a language because of the closeness that exists between them. The second topic is the search for the ruling on the marriage of non-biblical disbelievers from the disbelievers starting and sustaining, and it included three demands, namely: The first requirement is the Imamiyya's statements, the second demand is the statements of the rest of the madhhabs, and the third is the evidence of the ruling. The third topic, which is the topic of biblical marriage, includes three demands: the first demand: the sayings of the Imamiyya, the second demand: the evidence of the sayings from the Holy Qur'an, the narrations and the combination of narrations, and the third demand, which is the opinion of the rest of the Islamic schools. The fourth topic, which is the issue of the marriage of the Magi, has two demands, the first is the opinions of the Ahl al-Bayt (peace be upon them) and the second is the opinions of other schools. The fifth topic is apostasy, prohibition and marriage, and it includes two demands, the first is the opinion of the Ahl al-Bayt school of thought, and the second is the opinion of the rest of the schools. The sixth topic is the ruling of the nasib, and it includes four demands: the first: the linguistic meaning of the nasib, the second: the idiomatic meaning of the nasib, the third: the words of the jurists in marrying the nasib, and the fourth: the evidence of the ruling, then the result of the research, then the footnotes of the research, and finally the sources and references of the research.
In this research, I have adopted an inductive approach, sometimes based on quoting the statements of jurists, to know their opinions on a particular issue, and at other times an analytical approach in which I criticize, analyze, and weigh between the different statements in order to scrutinize, deduce and extract what I consider to be correct from them.

This research intends first of all to trace the stages that the incomplete integration has gone through in terms of concept and terminology in what has influenced the studies of grammarians and scholars of Tajweed and Qur'anic readings as a linguistic and Qur'anic phonetic phenomenon that has special dimensions that distinguish it from complete integration, and to discuss the problem caused by the retention of the quality of the merged sound in this color of integration in the applied sounds in particular, as this topic has sparked a debate among some scholars among those who object to its inclusion in a space However, it basically seeks to satisfy all the sequences in which an incomplete integration can occur with the adjective of occlusion, and to describe the phonetic interaction that it included based on what has been mentioned in the ancient linguistic and Qur'anic sources, and to analyze it in the light of the results of the modern phonetic lesson, and to compare it with other realizations of incomplete integration. Most of the studies that have dealt with the subject of incorporation, or the subject of applied sounds, have overlooked these aspects.

The Hebrew language originated as an Eastern Semitic language, according to the opinion of most researchers in this language, it originated in the land of Canaan and was used in Palestine for a long time before that on the ancient Semitic Sunnah, Hebrew was the language spoken throughout the period of the First Temple and the official language in the kingdoms of Israel and Judah, and it was in it that the sacred writings and other ancient Jewish literary works were recorded, and the Hebrew language went through many stages that did not settle in all those stages until it reached the era. The Andalusian language, where it began to take from Arabic many of its features and grammatical forms, so the Jewish linguists wrote linguistic books similar to the Arabic codes in the grammar of the language in terms of presentations, eloquence and morphology, and the Hebrew language did not have its own grammatical system before, but there was a remarkable similarity between the Hebrew language and the Sabaean language, some researchers attributed it to the religious customs and traditions of the Sabaeans and the Israelites, as the letters in this language were similar to the extent of merging in the Form, image, meaning, and structure, and this shows that Arabic and Hebrew are reliably linked and unified in the language of Sheba. Hebrew is associated with Arabic in the Semitic language tree, and this is one of its characteristics, as it has been associated with Arabic in many matters. Therefore, we find that negation and questioning in the Hebrew language are often similar and identical to what is found in the Arabic language.

Attention to the study of the structure of language in a particular structural system has grown in recent times. These studies, researches and opinions have been titled under many headings, the most prominent of which is "text" as a "linguistic environment" whose features are evident in its own framework. Other terms such as (discourse) and (interpretation) were associated with this word (text), as discourse represented the broader dimension of the contextual structure of language, and this interpretation represented the mechanism of understanding this text or discourse.
This research attempts to unveil the reading of the Qur'anic text and other legal texts (hadiths of the Prophet) by deferring consideration and applying thought in their interpretive books, which represent a second text emanating from the Qur'anic text through the interpreter's reading of the legal text.
The study was divided into three topics, the first topic was dedicated to determining the theoretical foundations of the research, presenting the concept of the text, the concept of reading, and the concept of interpretation, and the second topic was presented to the study of (the references of reading the text), while the third topic was studied (the patterns of reading the text according to the interpreters), and then the conclusion came to summarize the most important results of the study .

Recently, literary criticism has followed several paths and branched out with many ramifications, including the theory of intertextuality, as it has origins in our ancient criticism in the issues of quotation, inclusion, and poetic plagiarism, but the theory of intertextuality proposed by Julia Kristeva is a new theory and means the overlap of texts, purposefully and for a specific purpose. Intertextuality in itself is a diversity of many types, including the Qur'anic intertextuality, which falls under a larger framework, which is religious intertextuality, in this research we studied the Qur'anic intertextuality in the poems of Adib Kamal Religion and we studied the poems with which the poet is sympathetic or used Qur'anic stories, and we mentioned the reasons for his intertextuality, including his psyche, including his compassion for humanity, which obliged him to use intertextuality, and that is by using self-intertextuality, but this means that he does not forget the apparent intertextuality and does not neglect the use of the Qur'anic rhythm found in the Holy Qur'an, especially in Surah Al-Rahman, which is intertextual with it, and among the results, it can be pointed out that the element of absence was used in his Qur'anic intertextuality, and he wanted the element of alienation from absence. The alienation of Yusuf (a.s.) and his brothers, and the alienation of the writer Kamal al-Din and the rest of the sons of Mesopotamia.

Proverbs are a literary genre that has its own unique characteristics and style, and it has its own context, and it can be said that it is a literary and social phenomenon that continues to the present day, so it is considered one of the oldest prose arts that has reached us, it is related to eloquence and eloquence on the one hand, and to reality, incident, contemplation, contemplation and contemplation on the other hand.
Anyone who looks closely at the proverbs of the approach of rhetoric will find that they have gained eloquence, eloquence and beauty, and that they have struck the meaning, diagnosed reality, and treated it in a smooth and beautiful language that does not have sense, but rather has precise thought, a delicate style and a beautiful expression.
The researcher concluded that the parable represents one of the arguments of the Imam's rational and narration that he used in his sermons and letters, and represents a crisis of the Imam's culture, and a beautiful color of his words.
The example in the approach of rhetoric has five functions:
1 The Educational Function, 2 The Moral Function, 3 The Psychological Function, 4 The Argumentative Function, 5 The Rhetorical Aesthetic Function.

The introduction of the poem is an artistic phenomenon that has accompanied the poem since its inception, and it formed a major phenomenon in ancient poetry, the first of which was the care of the poets in terms of mastery and intonation, and the critics set the standards and conditions for that the poet should evoke when composing his poems. Then he moves on to mentioning the journey, the departed, and other elements that go into the construction of the poem, and then he enters into his main purpose, and by extrapolating the poetry of Bishr ibn Abi Khazim, he found that his poems, which mostly revolved between praise, satire, and pride, were distributed among the prologues that were tainted with ghazal, then ghazal, and the introduction of the dhan.
The poet gave his introductions a bit of realism by mentioning the names of the places, whether they are the homes of the beloved who resided in them and then migrated them due to the transformation of their people to other homes or those that he passes through during his journey, as the introductions of his lyrical poems are often associated with the place he names after him and describes it accurately to give the mention of the beloved the characteristic of realism, as the place is the most important dimension in the network of social relations, as many facts and events are attributed to the places where they took place.
As for the description of the beloved in these introductions, it does not go beyond describing the physical beauties that are mostly apparent, such as the figure, the face, the good, and the ornaments that a woman adorns with. The poet's behavior was influenced by his role in the description.

Rapid urbanization and inadequate land management in cities have led to the degradation of sensitive resources, the occupation of vulnerable areas, the loss of cultural resources, open spaces, fertile agricultural land and excessive urban sprawl For flood and flood risks, the management process for these areas may require one or more strategies to achieve effective management.
This research aims to identify the experiences of some countries, their strategies and effective programs in managing flood disasters within urban areas, using the descriptive and analytical approach to managing flood disasters in urban areas within the experiences of effective countries in overcoming flood risks, assuming that identifying the experiences of some countries in managing flood disasters contributes to identifying successful practices and providing effective urban management of flood-prone areas and developing appropriate strategies for that. Floods and floods, represented by the lack of effective urban management of dangerous lands prone to floods, and the lack of awareness and knowledge of the methods, experiences and strategies of some countries in managing flood and flood disasters in urban areas, and therefore a set of relevant conclusions and recommendations have been reached for the purpose of research.

The current research aimed to analyze the biology books for the secondary stage in Iraq in the light of controversial issues, and the researcher followed the method of content analysis to achieve this goal, where a standard for controversial issues was built in its final form consisting of six axes, including (life techniques, medical applications, health and disease, food and nutrition, environmental health, scientific theories). After analyzing the books and confirming the truthfulness and consistency of the analysis, the total number of ideas contained in the books related to controversial issues was reached, as it amounted to (286) ideas, and the biology book for the sixth grade of preparatory school occupied the first rank in terms of interest in controversial issues, where it reached (25,174%) of the total issues, as well as the (health and disease) axis was the most representative, with a percentage of (30.76%), and in the light of the results of the research, a number of recommendations and suggestions were presented.

Through the current research, the researcher seeks to study the relationship between the components of information technology and determine the strategies of product development, as the availability of this technology in organizations is one of the requirements for choosing the appropriate strategy for the development of the products of the company under study in particular and the products of various companies in general. Which leads us to the conclusion that identifying appropriate strategies derives its components through the components of information technology, and the research concluded to provide some recommendations and suggestions.