Journal of college of Law for Legal and Political Sciences

The concept of intellectual security is a modern concept that has not received sufficient attention from the State and its institutions. and far from the sight and interest of academic studies and research, specifically in Iraq until after 2017, and the approval by the Iraqi Government in 2019 of the implementation of Iraq's national counter-terrorism strategy for 2021-2025, in conjunction with the European Union Consultative Mission in Iraq, Despite the novelty of the concept of intellectual security, it has emerged strongly in the security and academic arena, for its influential and effective role in the realization and promotion of the concept of comprehensive security and intellectual security is the core of all forms of national security, Through its responsibilities of building generations and shaping the value and knowledge system of all members of this society, This requires the State, as represented by all its institutions, to attach great importance to the concept in all its aspects. enables it to face its challenges and threats, and the Iraqi State has recognized this importance after experiencing the threat of terrorism in the years that followed. Its implications for its security, continuity and society, and its security services and other institutions, particularly educational ones, of the utmost importance in confronting the source of this threat by adopting preventive security strategies aimed at fortifying the ideas of its members in a manner commensurate with their reality and environment; Especially the young group, preparing for the next generation of sound thought away from the perversion and extremism leading to terrorism.

The establishment of the "Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant," known in the media as "ISIS," was a cumulative process that spanned several years. On June 10, 2014, the organization launched an attack that quickly took control of Mosul, Iraq's second-largest city. It also attempted to approach the oil-rich Kirkuk province, which contains some Shiite towns and cities. In Mosul, shortly after declaring the "caliphate," the organization began displacing Christians and other minorities to different parts of Iraq. On August 4, 2014, following the fall of Sinjar, a city west of Mosul (Nineveh) province in northern Iraq, inhabited by a Yazidi majority, the greatest catastrophe occurred: more than 200,000 people were trapped on Mount Sinjar for ten days. More than 3,000 women and children were kidnapped and enslaved. The number of Yazidi victims of the organization's control of Sinjar was more than 5,000 innocent people due to ISIS violence, and more than 7,000 were kidnapped, most of them women and children.

Intellectual security is considered one of the essential elements for the stability of societies and the protection of their cultural and religious identities. It highlights the need to protect minds from intellectual deviations that could lead to extremism or terrorism. The essence of intellectual security relies on building individual and societal awareness based on a correct understanding of religion, national, and human values, thus strengthening society's immunity against deviant ideas. Extremism, on the other hand, refers to the adoption of extremist ideas that transcend the bounds of moderation. This extremism may be religious, political, or social, and often leads to aggressive behavior toward others, threatening the security of individuals and societies. These phenomena spread as a result of several factors, including ignorance, marginalization, weak religious restraint, and the influence of modern communication media, which some groups exploit to spread extremist ideas

This study discusses the Malaysian experience in confronting intellectual extremism and the possibility of benefiting from it in Iraq. It can be noted that intellectual extremism expresses a group of psychological and social phenomena that have taken on political, economic, social and religious dimensions and have negative consequences and results in all areas. On this basis, Malaysia was considered a model to be emulated among countries of the world in confronting extremism. Although it started early in confronting it, especially after the ethnic disturbances that occurred in 1969 between the Malays and the Chinese, as the Malays (the indigenous population) constituted the majority of the population suffering from poverty compared to the Chinese minority, which enjoyed greater economic weight; this feeling of alienation contributed to generating a kind of extremism and violence, especially after the Chinese parties achieved high results in the national elections that took place in the same year; This prompted the Malaysian government at the time to develop economic and social policies to raise the standard of living of individuals, especially Malay citizens, in addition to its clear interest in strengthening national identity through education and establishing schools that include students from the three nationalities of Malaysian society (Malays, Chinese, and Indians). The Malaysian government did not stop at this point, but rather enacted a set of legislation to combat extremism, most notably the Terrorism Law and the National Security Law. The problem of the study arises regarding the extent of the impact of the Malaysian experience in confronting extremism, and what are the policies and strategies followed by the Malaysian governments to confront extremism? What are the challenges facing Iraq in combating extremism

Researchers in the field of security management in the Islamic world endeavor to reduce the spread of cultures that fuel terrorist inclinations, whether at the institutional or individual level. Their focus increasingly centers on the religious culture openly espoused by terrorists, as cultural and security studies indicate that extremist religious culture is a significant driver of terrorist behavior. All indications suggest that terrorism in the modern era has a distinctly religious essence and is expected to remain so in the foreseeable future, with terrorism adopting religious cultural references rooted in popular beliefs that incite and justify terrorist acts. Therefore, counterterrorism stakeholders believe that tackling terrorism must start at its roots, namely extremist ideologies that oppose diversity and differences, necessitating preemptive measures against terrorist activities by combating these narrow and rigid views that reject diversity

In this research, we address the definition and statement of the change in the effects of racism, which has been addressed by multiple definitions, and for the purpose of controlling the most important definitions that have been applied to clearly explain this type of art, from here linguistic and technical, as well as stating the set of rights and obligations that the law imposes on the monitoring of artistic censorship, which faces the reciprocal transactions of its parties. The contract is one, and that each party will be in two positions, one of which is positive, which is its rights that are integrated for it, which are the obligations imposed on its cooperation, and we show this by referring to the Iraqi Copyright Protection Law of 1971, amended in 2004, and the Egyptian Intellectual Property Rights Law for 2002 and the French Intellectual Property Rights Ownership Law for 1992, and through these laws, we are able to know everything from the parties to this contract towards the other party

Artificial intelligence (robots) is fundamentally transforming the relationship between humans and machines, as autonomous systems gain the ability to learn and make decisions without direct human intervention. This raises the question of who is responsible for damages (material or moral) resulting from these systems, especially given the lack of legal personality for artificial intelligence.
Likewise, the shortcomings of traditional legislation, which relies on most current civil laws to rely on “fault-based liability” systems, which require proof of negligence or omission on the part of the producer or user, but the complexity of artificial intelligence systems and the “lack of transparency” make proving the causal relationship between the act and the damage impossible in many cases.
As for the fragmentation of legal systems, as in the European Union, the proposed Artificial Intelligence Liability Directive (AILD) was withdrawn in February 2025 due to the lack of agreement, leaving 27 different legal systems between EU countries, threatening the unified protection of those affected

Confronting the intellectual extremism that fosters terrorism through social media platforms is among the most crucial areas of study for Arab societies in general, and Iraqi society in particular. Particularly with the rise of extremist groups using these platforms to disseminate their radical ideologies among some youth, transforming them into a tool to undermine the foundations of Arab society. Intellectual security is regarded as an integral aspect of the Iraqi and Arab public order that must be upheld and promoted among all societal members to eliminate extremist ideologies in religion, politics, and society. There is a serious need to address mechanisms of prevention for intellectual extremism and to work on removing barriers preventing intellectual security environment in Iraq. The state, its scientific, academic and religious institutions, the politicians, societies and all security institutions must work on studying intellectual security lapses and hold seminars and symposiums to debate as to how to encounter it on the global and local levels. It is only by achieving such economic, political, social, security, and psychological stability that the intellectual security can be secured against the economic, political., social, security, and psychological obstacles posed by the dangers of terrorism via social media

Societal peace for any society constitutes a fundamental foundation for progress and stability, as it is considered a safe environment for the prosperity and development of societies. It is not easy to achieve societal peace, especially in light of complex and interconnected challenges such as armed conflicts, violence and extremism, climate change, and inequality. The decisive role played by international politics in achieving societal peace at the national, regional and international levels. As well as the challenges facing these mechanisms, identifying and clarifying them, and then the opportunities for international politics to achieve this goal, which contributes to international peace

ترتكز اسس بناء الدولة الحديثة على عدة جوانب اساسية من اهمها صياغة بيئة امنية تتلاءم وطبيعة المجتمع الفكري بما يضمن الاندماج بين جميع المكونات على اختلاف اديانهم ومذاهبهم وقومياتهم, اذ يُعد الأمن الفكري الركيزة الأساسية لاستقرار المجتمعات، ويعمل على تحصين الأفراد من الأفكار المتطرفة والانحرافات الفكرية التي تهدد تماسك المجتمع, اذ يهدف البحث إلى تسليط الضوء على دور الأمن الفكري في مواجهة التحديات الفكرية التي تؤدي إلى العنف والتطرف واهميته في تحقيق التعايش السلمي, وتطرق البحث الى مفهوم الامن الفكري والمفاهيم المقاربة له فضلاً عن التعرف الى الابعاد الاساسية للأمن الفكري, اما التحديات التي تواجه الامن الفكري فقد تمثلت في التحديات التقليدية والتحديات غير التقليدية التي اهتمت بدراسة المؤثرات ذات التأثير الكبير على الامن الفكري, كما تطرق البحث ايضا الى السياسة العراقية اتجاه تعزيز السلم المجتمعي عبر سياسات كان لها الاثر الواضح في البناء الفكري المجتمعي المواجه للتطرف

Cyber terrorism constitutes one of the most criminal phenomena known to modern societies because of the serious threats it poses to the thought, belief, and political entity of peoples. With the broadness of its concept, it has become one of the most prominent security threats because of its far-reaching and dangerous effects on all humanity. Terrorism is also considered one of the prominent phenomena and has a strong connection to innovations. The era of technological advancement in the field of information and communication

Law was of great importance in ancient Iraqi society, and had a great impact on every aspect of life in successive eras from Sumerian to Babylonian and Assyrian. It seems that the laws in ancient Iraq were primarily situational, with judges responsible for determining punishments, as kings were the real judges. Laws in ancient Iraq varied from the Code of Ur-Nammu to the Code of Ur-Naisha, and then the Code of Hammurabi, which was considered a comprehensive law and the law that was considered comprehensive for all aspects of economic and social life in addition to its primary concern with family and women's issues, and it also extended to slaves, whom Hammurabi's Code looked at and gave some rights. The multiplicity of laws in ancient Iraq indicates the importance of confronting crimes, mistakes and transgressions among the rulers of ancient Iraq

Intellectual security is one of the fundamental pillars of societal stability, as it protects minds from intellectual deviations and extremism and strengthens national belonging. Government and community institutions play a vital role in achieving this security through their integrated efforts in the areas of awareness, education, and guidance. On the one hand, government institutions, such as the Ministries of Education and Information, contribute to the development of policies and strategies aimed at protecting society, especially youth, from extremist ideas. This is achieved by developing educational curricula, implementing media programs, organizing awareness sessions, and monitoring offensive content. Community institutions, such as charities, neighborhood centers, and volunteer initiatives, play a complementary role by promoting positive values, instilling a culture of dialogue, providing safe and supportive environments for youth, and encouraging them to participate in constructive activities that enhance their intellectual and social awareness.

This study examines the issue of nationality loss and reinstatement, along with the legal implications arising from it, with a focus on the legal framework for combating ideological extremism. The research analyzes the provisions introduced by the Iraqi Nationality Law No. (26) of 2006 in comparison with previous legislations. It discusses the cases of nationality loss, whether voluntary or as a penalty for acts that threaten state security. Additionally, it highlights the legal procedures for regaining nationality and the resulting legal and social consequences for individuals and their families. The study aims to analyze the legal framework surrounding this issue and its role in promoting social stability and mitigating ideological and political extremism.

The importance of the research is determined by the fact that it deals with the subject of electronic terrorism and the threats it poses to the national security of many countries in the world, which were limited to subversive activities. They include more dangerous activities, such as the daily use of the Internet and social networking applications by terrorist organizations to organize and coordinate the world. The main objective of the research is to identify the employment of social media sites to counter the culture of violence and extremism from the point of view of the academic elites. This research is descriptive research aimed at analyzing the characteristics of a particular group. This study is based on the survey method to measure the exposure of the subjects to social networking sites (120) questionnaire on a random sample of the academic elites of the University of Baghdad; the number of respondents to the study (100) was studied, the study concluded with a set of results:
1- The results of the research show that most of the academic elites follow the social networking sites on a regular basis (67%). This indicates that they are using these methods continuously, which may be due to their interest in the various topics that are important to them.
2- The large and high use of Facebook in the social networking sites by the academic elite compared to a lower level for other means.
3- The great habit of the majority of academic elites on the daily and intensive use of social networking sites and this shows how important these means to them by providing information and various contents and use them in an orderly and intended.
4- The clear indication by the respondents revealed by the results of the research that they are satisfied with the topics that contain the content of extreme, compared to a very simple proportion to interact with those content and this shows the lack of interest of the academic elite of those contents to know the objectives of extremist groups to broadcast extremism and discrimination Among the Iraqi people.
5- The clear indication by the academic elite that extremist groups rely heavily on social networking sites to broadcast their extremist and poisoned ideas, in order to communicate with extremist groups in other countries and regions.
6- The clear assertion by the academic elite that among the most important reasons to follow the extremist ideas through social networking sites is to obtain sufficient information about extremist groups and be careful about them (30.9%) and this shows the interest of respondents to know what is going on in the minds of others terrorist ideas in order to develop appropriate solutions to warn them