Journal of The Iraqi University

Abstract
Surat Al-Kahf is considered one of the clear examples of proverbs for learning, and one of the etiquette of Surat Al-Kahf is the one who is educated with scholars, and who is followed with the follower. The surah clarified the role of the Prophet of God Moses in his request for the increase of knowledge, and a statement of the places of literature through his association with Khidr, peace be upon him, through which we extract those educational methods entrusted with the events and clear positions of this blessed surah.

that the common meanings that are embodied in the common formulas, which draws the attention of those who are familiar with the Holy Qur’an, according to the theory (different buildings lead to different meanings). That is why the title of the research was (the weights of the meanings of abundance, communication, participation, obedience in the Holy Qur’an) and it was divided into four demands: The first requirement: the meanings of abundance The second requirement: the meanings of exaggeration The third requirement: the meanings of participation The fourth requirement: the meanings of obedience and relied on several sources, including standards Language, Editing, Enlightenment, and Lisan Al Arab and other books proven in the list of sources and references.

Summary
What Imam Shafi'i, Imam Abi Yusuf, agreed upon Purity book as a modelThe aim of this research is to show the agreement of two Muslim scholars on some jurisprudential issues, and they agreed on ten issues of the Book of Purity.

Abstract
(M / Rulings on recalcitrance in light of the rule of neither harm nor harm)
The idea of this research is to explain the rulings on disobedience with a rule called (no harm or harm). And how the legal ruling on disobedience overlaps with the content of the rule. In addition to explaining the most important fundamental issue that is hardly mentioned in the books of jurisprudence except rarely, and it is the issue of the husband's recalcitrance, which the Holy Qur’an expressed with clear and evident verses. Then I concluded my research with the most important legal treatments for the phenomenon of disobedience for both husband and wife.

Abstract
There is no human community in the world limited to one social component , but ethnic pluralism is a prominent feature in all societies .This multiculturalism is a double- edged sword, as it either leads to union and strength or leads to disintegration and division. This is a timeless social fact that must not be overlooked or overlooked. The ethnic diversity represents a source richness and civilizational and cultural richness in mixed societies. Each component has cultural characteristics that distinguish it from the others. Some of these characteristics are hereditary , such as skin color and other physical characteristics expressed in the concept of race .Others are from this characteristics that are acquired such as custom, traditions, norms, social values and religious beliefs. And that all these characteristics are inherited and acquired are transmitted from ancestor to back. The values of coexistence, tolerance, social solidarity and recognition of others represent a safety valve in maintaining community peace. Governments, through their wise administration, in which there are different ethnicities in their countries, can achieve harmony and cohesion between them by adopting the principle of citizenship and achieving social justice in order to reach the required social integration.

Abstract:
The problem of evil is considered one of the rhetorical issues related to the existence of God, his attributes, and his justice, which Islamic speakers have dealt with, just as philosophers have dealt with it before. However, the basis that the speakers adopted in dealing with this problem is the moral basis, and they attached this issue to issues of divine justice, especially the study of al-Hasan. The rational ugliness, the research of the human will, and the diversity of the verbal approach led to the diversity of the answer, so the answers came according to the nature of the approach. The Ash'ari held that evil is an existential matter that divine power relates to, in creation and creation. The Imamate agreed with the Mu'tazila in the freedom of the human will as a treatment of moral evil, but it disagreed with it in the statement of the human will, the natural evil the Imamate went to its realism, and treated it by saying compensation and merit

Summary of the research
The current research aims to identify the effect of Clausmeier and Hilda Tapa's strategy on acquiring grammatical concepts among students of the College of Administration and Economics / University of Baghdad, and in order to achieve the goal of the research, the two researches put the following hypotheses:
1. There is no statistically significant difference at the level of significance (0.05) between the average scores of the first experimental group of students who studied according to the Clausmeyer strategy and the average scores of the second experimental group of students who studied according to the Hilda Tapa strategy.
2. There is no statistically significant difference at the level of significance (0.05) between the average scores of the first experimental group of students who studied according to Closmeier's strategy and the average scores of the control group who studied according to the usual method.
3. There is no statistically significant difference at the level of significance (0.05) between the mean scores of the second experimental group of students who studied according to the Hilda Tapa strategy and the average scores of the control group who studied according to the usual method.
The current research was limited to a sample of students of the first stage, Department of Statistics, College of Administration and Economics, University of Baghdad, for the academic year 2018-2019
The results showed the superiority of the first experimental group that was studied with the Close Mayer strategy over the second experimental group that studied with the Hilda Tapa strategy, and the control group that studied in the usual way in the post test that was applied at the end of the experiment. In addition, there are differences between the scores of students of the first experimental group and the control group.

Abstract
The study deals with the economic approach of the Prophet (ﷺ) addressed in one of the most important books of Islamic economics, which is the book of Kharaj by Imam Abu Yusuf Yaqoub bin Ibrahim bin Habib al-Ansari al-Kufi al-Baghdadi (d .: 182 AH), a companion of the greatest imam Abu Hanifa al-Nu'man (d .: 150 AH).
The research focuses on the most important prophetic economic topics that Abu Yusuf dealt with in his book, through his citation of the noble prophetic hadiths that have economic nature, such as the taxes, the kharaj, the spoils, the fiefs, the prices, the revival of the waste lands, and others.

God Baal has a unique and distinguished position in the ancient Near East, and in order to demonstrate the importance of this god and how God Baal has become the central god in the region we presented this study, as well as the specificity that dealt with God Baal as he became a global god not only this but also that he extracted a lot of The other attributes of the deity and his removal from the religious scene, and he settled in her stead, as the deity Baal has become the deity that introduces his name in all the names of the other deities.

Research Summary
- The world of readers is a wide indication of the vitality of this nation and its attention to the book of God Almighty, and scientist of this era, Sheikh Abdul-Fattah Al-Marsafi, who has a personality and knowledge in this area, making him a prominent scientist in the science of readings particularly.
- The highlight of this research on the biography of his blessed life, and the highlight of such pages supports communication between generations of readers, and that care of these translations contribute to highlighting the civilization of the Arab and Islamic world on the level of scientific projection.
- His book (Hedayat Alqar'e) touches the scientific soul to achieve the issues of this science, which characterized by his wonderful book, and enjoyed the literature of both with the elders or discuss them in this matter, the research highlighted a number of questions that indicate the depth of his knowledge, Scientists praise him highly.

Abstract
This research is interested in Studying the Al nidaa Style and its Types in Poetry of Qais bin Darih and The Study is based on two Demands the first includes Definition of Al nidaa and its tools and The Second includes Style and Types Al nidaa in Poetry Qais Then a conclusion with the most important results the research method was descriptive.

Abstract
The architectural aspects (religious and mundane) in the Kingdom of the Nabateans have gained a large and important place in the life of the Arabs since the Old Testament, as a result, the Arabs (before and after Islam) took pride in this importance and then inherited these arts in their temples and dwellings, and then it became to them after that a historical symbol and cultural value, Because our ancestors, the Nabataeans, have greatly contributed to enhancing that pride, as if they sent us at the present time their achievements to protect our current culture, which we feel is nothing in front of that ancient civilizational and cultural heritage, which constitutes a huge leap in the art of architecture at the level of humanity.
In order to know the architectural aspects (religious and mundane) of the Nabataean Kingdom Pre-Islamic Arabs, we have dealt with in our current research “the origin of that civilization and its ancient art history, as well as its architectural arts sections, and the most important indicators (religious and mundane) that resulted from it through its temples, dwellings and palaces.
Key Words: Urban Aspects; Kingdom of the Nabataeans; Pre-Islamic Arabs.

Abstract
The research aims to study the Harounian character , first in international literature and secondly in the stories of narrator O. Henry in particular and the Harounian character is the symbol of the East, the Caliph of Baghdad or Caliph Haroun Al Raschid in the book (A thousand and one nights). This character combines reality and fiction and has specific characteristics that will study is appearance in literature and stories O. Henry is a symbol of the Arician authority or of the Luxurious or a symbol of the generous American in New York. This research is a study of the Haroun Al Raschid personality according to only three themes , and we study the nature of its appearance in O. Henry stories.

Research Summary:
The researcher considers that the linguistic lesson is one of the ancient and modern lessons that the later ones studied and referred to, as the researcher found that the Arabs have a long history in this linguistic field. In which.
The three poems of Al-Burdah were replete with various multiplication of reference, which is the main criterion in the study. The definition of (the) and the comparison, and as for the third topic, it was divided into two demands of casting by deletion and substitution, mentioning the types of deletion, i.e. what is omitted from a noun, a verb and a sentence. It was mentioned in this research, then it was proven that the sources that contributed to the completion of this research were collected.

The conclusion of the research:
Artistic creativity does not come from a vacuum, especially those additional experiences that mimic the conscience and that these experiences are inherent in both the creator and the recipient, especially from the news and experience of these same psychological situations, and that the strongest literary effects are the ones that come from a real experience that mimics reality at all times and places and is linked to the feelings and emotions that question reality and express it and thus achieve the desired effect as it came from realistic experiences and that these experiences and artistic creations had to be Exciting, stimulating and motivating to absorb these psychological projections and appear to the public by the element of creation and artistic creativity that does not feed the security of the sanctuaries, the reasons for crying attitudes, facts and events that mimic the human self expressed by the poets' poets and conveyed their tongues the suppressed desires that fight each recipient to narrate their spiritual disorders and mimic their conscience with the emotional, psychological, social, religious and political motives that disturbed reality and overwhelmed the feeling of the element of artistic creativity that wrote poetic immortality.
Keywords: Citizen Motivated, Artistic Visions of Crying

Introduction
Praise be to God, and prayers and peace be upon the best of God’s creation, Muhammad and his family and companions.
As for what follows: The Arabic language is the language of the Qur’an, and the language of the master of creation, Muhammad, may God’s prayers and peace be upon him, who came as a herald of the best approach, the approach of Islam, in which the good of all mankind.
We are science students and professors, we follow and see the loss of Arabic sciences, due to the distance of its students from its scholars and their writings, and they are the ones who filled the world with knowledge of Islamic civilization.
And the mistakes that I follow are many, and there is no room to mention them here, and they are not limited to students, but extend to some of their teachers, and does he give something to those who do not have anything.
I was happy to search for the reasons, and follow the students in their lack of understanding of their literary heritage, and I found the error in the method of education, and the choice of curricula in academic teaching; While our scholars used to study science by choosing the easiest book, even if the student mastered it, he moved to something broader than it, until he mastered science. For example, what we mentioned is an approach to teaching grammar: that the student begins by studying the easiest book in grammar, which is: (Matn Al-Ajurumiya), and then after memorizing it And its mastery is transferred to: (Sharh Qatr al-Nada), then according to the teacher’s guidance to a broader book.
In this way, the student goes to master the science in the easiest of books, and in a short period of time, as we know that the text of Al-Ajramiyya does not exceed seventeen papers, it does not need a long time, and it will be the basis of the student when he expands his study, as he who memorizes the letters of the language is his basis in speech and writing, so The sciences have books that form their basis, which is called (the text of the books), and in Iraq specifically, the science of morphology is taught by the ring method, starting with the book:

Abstract:
In this research, I dealt with the public position of the parties on the Palestinian issue, as these parties became active after the return of partisan life after World War II during the reign of Tawfiq Al-Suwaidi’s second ministry in 1946 A.D., and they are: -
1- The Liberal Party.
2- The Independence Party.
3- The National Union Party
4- The National Democratic Party
5- The People's Party
The development of the Palestinian cause after the Second World War prompted those parties, before their approval, to adopt the Palestinian cause and resisted all projects aimed at Judaizing Palestine, as they considered the Palestinian issue to be the central and crucial issue of the Arabs. Therefore, the parties worked through what they publish in their daily newspapers and conferences. With which she gave speeches and enthusiastic poems, an effective role in educating the Iraqi public opinion about its fateful cause Palestine.

الملخص الانكليزي:-
On this basis, the question of the state in the Arab world is faced with several challenges centered mainly on the establishment of a state of justice and law based on the building of the human according to the intellectual system conscious of the civilized history of this nation, both on the level of ideas and references or on the level of contradictions brought up by these references in the dialogue with history , The horizon of harmony between the past, present and future, and re-establishment of the identity of civilization, which was distorted by the large imports of state projects were the outcome of different civilized environments, and this is accompanied by the establishment of a political field institutionalized to absorb all the contradictions and For the sensitivities and the construction of an economic model based on the real economy producing wealth and upgrading the Qatari state into a strategic Arab and economic union capable of linking dependence..

Abstract
This study aims to analyze and elaborate the conceptual framework for green leadership and its role in sustainable human resource management for business organizations, by aligning those practices for green leadership and the dimensions of sustainable human resource management in the organized environment. The study derives its importance mainly from the fact that it is from recent studies that combined green leadership and sustainable human resource management in a way that achieves harmonization between the environmental and economic dimension of the study problem, which is considered a fundamental goal for business organizations. The methodology of the study was based on an exploratory study of the opinions of a sample of administrative leaders at the University of Kirkuk, where (40) questionnaires were distributed to the administrative leaderships at the university, and the study reached a number of results and recommendations, the most important of which are: Green leadership achieves an important role in its university management to ensure the sustainability of its resources The ability to achieve its future orientations and aspirations, and the necessity for the university administration to adopt training and development programs for green leadership, aiming to increase development and innovation, and this contributes to gaining accumulative knowledge and experience among leaders.
Keywords : Green Leadership, Sustainable Human Resource Management.

Abstract
The spatial analysis was studied to locate the primary schools in Mosul city, following the method of spatial analysis tools in the context of geographic information systems and applying standards for educational services, especially the primary education phase.
The researcher divided this study into two chapters:
The first chapter includes the theoretical framework of the study represented in the introduction about the number of elementary schools in the city and their distribution in the neighborhoods of the city. Formulating the study problem by asking two questions about the distribution pattern and its directions. Also it had been selected the theory of the research, objective, and the study boundaries.
As for the second chapter, the spatial distribution characteristics of primary schools in the city were analyzed, relying on the wide potential of geographic information systems technologies represented in our study (ArcMap) software in studying the spatial variation of the distribution of primary schools, through spatial analysis tools, including (Mean center, Directional distribution, Nearest Neighbor Index, Standard distance, Buffer). In addition to reaching to a number of conclusions and some recommendations.

Abstract
This research aims to learn (The Strategy of Teaching by Alternation and its influence to Get rid of Weak of Cognitive Achievement Problem and Tend towards History Subject (Experimental Study )
To achieve the research objective the researcher made two zero hypothesis:
The research is limited in a sample of female student fifth class in secondary school and the experiment was made in the first term of the studying yeas (2017-2018 ) .The scientific material is determined in several subjects of book of Modern and Contemporary History of United States and Europe that are studied in the studying year 2017-2018 .
The experimental design of partial control and posttest as a design for the research . Two groups were chosen as 20 female students for the experimental group and 20 female students for the control group with the variables (the general cognitive previous achievements , intelligent ,pre direction towards the subject ) . Also posttest o educational achievement were mad and its validity , truth ,difficulty coefficient and distinguishing force were.Also the measure of the direction towards history subject , prepared from Albiaty(2015) was approved o face validity .The two instruments are applied in the end of the experiment that last for complete studying term and the researcher reached to the following results :There are differences towards the experimental group in increasing cognitive achievement and the increase direction towards history subject .

Summary
This study focused on drug crimes in Iraq the most important transitions and changes in rates and the size and nature of the manifestation of cannabinoids .Adding to the ways and means to commit these crimes after 2003 where this study revealed by adopting a descriptive Approach and analysis of the various statistical report on a drug crimes and social disciplines and research sources and relevant criminal drug subject lraq to a shift in the qualitative and quantitative drug crimes in lraq both in terms of abuse or addiction or traded the shift came as a result of insecurity caused by the us occupation of Iraq and weakness in the legal and security bodies and the accompanying open lraq border with neighboring countries lack control structure on movement of goods and goods interring lraq .add to social, religious and cultural variable an economic society.
In 21 st century lraq contributed directly and indirectly the growth rates and proportions of drug crimes so few crimes became one of organized crime that use special technical plans, and that most perpetrators were young people and teenagers and is produced upon which society in advancing development and participate more effectively .it included few studies on four detectives first.
Section included methodological framework the search the main concepts used in the reprocess while ensuring the second section studied the most important transformations that happened on drug crimes in lraq after 2003 while the third section addressed to most important variables and encouraging the growth of drug crimes in Iraq ,and finally the four section contained his ring main research findings of the research ,adding to group of recommendations and proposals to tackle the growing drug crimes in lraq to limit them.

Abstract
What the (ISIS) organization has achieved in terms of appeals to many groups of young people from different cultural levels from different countries, and the adoption of some groups of Jordanian society to its ideas, and its exploitation of modern media, the new media to spread its hate speech, atonement of others, incitement and incitement to violence, calls for standing on the way. With which he addressed those groups, and how to reach their minds and influence them. Therefore, the problem of this study is determined by looking at what ISIS media discourse is, and how it affects society.

Summery
The Federal Supreme Court stands at the head of the hierarchy of the judicial organization in Iraq, as it is the highest court in terms of status and the heaviest in terms of tasks and specializations. It is unavoidable for any party to abide by its provisions, or else it will be considered as violating the constitution. Although the court is, in the end, an authority established under the constitution, a study of the decisions it issued proves that it has sometimes stripped itself of the mantle of the original founding authority that lays down the constitution and imposes its provisions. From a deficiency or similar to a defect, and those decisions would have added to the aforementioned texts provisions that the Constitution had not previously mentioned, and some of their decisions would paralyze provisions in the constitution and hold them out of force, while others would have added to the court a margin of jurisdiction that it does not have according to the explicit provisions of the constitution. The research is an attempt to shed light on these decisions and to reveal what has been secretly leaked from provisions complementary to the constitution, among their multiplication and vocabulary.

Abstract : Restorative justice is a system based on the idea of compensating the victim and reforming the criminal instead of applying the punishment that has negative effects in the range of minor crimes. His crime, and restorative justice has received great attention at the international level and comparative legislation, as many countries have legalized the system of mediation and penal settlement to achieve the goals of restorative justice. Among these comparative legislations were many Arab legislations that found that the criminal reconciliation system in itself is not sufficient. By following other innovative means to achieve one of the most important penal procedural legislation, which is restorative justice.

Summary:
The arbitration agreement in contracts for the transport of goods has two effects, one is negative, and the second is positive, and the negative impact of the arbitration agreement on contracts for the transport of goods is to exclude the jurisdiction of national courts to consider the dispute, and this is what is decided by national laws, including the Egyptian Arbitration Law No. (27) of 1994. And the Iraqi Law of Procedure No. (83) of 1969 amending, and international treaties and agreements, as well as the positive impact of the arbitration agreement on transport contracts is the commitment of the parties to the arbitration agreement concluded between them, its final and non-recourse.
Thus, international agreements, national laws, and the judiciary in most countries unite to give effectiveness to the arbitration agreement and exclude the jurisdiction of the national judiciary in consideration of the dispute subject to the arbitration agreement, as well as collecting international treaties and national laws, including Egyptian law and Iraqi law, provided that the lack of jurisdiction of ordinary courts in consideration of the dispute due to the existence of the arbitration agreement is Relative lack of competence, which the court may not rule on its own accord, rather it must be adhered to by one of the litigants, who is the defendant or the plaintiff as well, according to the law.
Key words: arbitration, arbitration agreement, ordinary judiciary, Iraqi law, Egyptian law, transfer of jurisdiction.

summary
it may over shadow the creation in general disrupting life, stopping work, suspending live lihoods, and relaxing the night of want over the servants, but the light of islam is sufficient to dispel that darkness. truth, glory be to him, is the best of everything he has created and guides his servants to the exit from all distress, god almight said (he who fears god makes away out for him) (divorces2) and from that what happened from the corona virus that exhausted the world, countries, stopped the economy, doubled the suffering of creation and this is important of research, so it is necessary for us to dive into the sunnah of our prophet in order the draw from it solution for this situation, especially the financial ones, because we are absolutely certain that the honorable sunnah has not left adilemma, but has dealt with it, and here the research problem emerges we calculated for example that the prophet stopped saving your sacrificial animals in sunnah that he descended in the warm city. people came to city so that the meat was distributed, and they would not be hungry as imam Al - Bukhari narrated therefore the research came to examine the sunnah of mercy that is given as it describes financial treatments for us, which are (the objectives of the research) including his order to set needs and his permission to accelerate alms and to spend alms in public good and to spend the savings of sustenance, so it is called research (prophetic financial treatments in calamities the general public). dividing it into an introduction, four demands. in each of them we stood up to a prophetic solution of rational economic solution, and then concluded it with a conclusion indicating the most important results and stood up to a prophetic soluation of rational economic solutions and then concluded it with conclusion indicating the most important results and treatments... and we ask God to accept it.

Abstract
The study is on Climate Elements Impact on Heritage Houses Spaces Formation in Baghdad Kadhimiyah, Adhamiyah , and Kerkh as case study models .
The study defined the problem of the research by discussing natural factors impact on traditional architecture formation in Baghdad. It also discuss the harmony, accordant, and compatibility of traditional architecture with climate factors as far as climate change impact on building design and its elements formation are concerned. The study aims at having a compatible climate environment. The study includes three main sections:

Abstract
The Paper deals with one of the prominent figures in the English novel, his fiction is controversial, for the modern qualities of his novels. His works like The Mayor of Casterbridge, Tess of d'Urberville and Jude the Obscure are considered part of the classics of English Novel. Hardy is distinguished from other novelist of the Victorian Period in his developed philosophical views about life drawn from his own experience. This brings him closer to modern psychologist especially Freud and his theories. The paper aims at explaining Hardy's philosophy and ideas from the perspective of Freud's theories. The paper consists of an Introduction giving a brief background about the topic. Section one, talks about Hardy's philosophy about man and Fate.
Section two, deals with Hardy's theory of heredity and comparing it with modern psychology especially Freud's concepts of heredity.
Section three, is dominated by Freud's ideas of instincts of life and death and applying them on Hardy's novels. The conclusion, sums up the finding of the paper.
Key Words: Fate, philosophy, psychology, heredity, fiction.

The research aims to evaluate the current transportation system in Al-Muthanna Governorate, according to the concept, indicators and determinants of the sustainable transport system. It aims to develop a vision for the development of the current transportation system in the region towards sustainability and direct the various interventions in this system according to the principles and requirements of sustainability.
The research relies on the descriptive and analytical approach in monitoring the current status of the transport network in the governorate, in monitoring the policies followed for developing transport networks, and then presenting a vision for developing transport networks towards sustainable transport. The importance of research comes from the lack of a clear understanding of the development of transport systems in the province to achieve easy access, in a manner consistent with the actual need for transportation in a sustainable manner that meets social, economic and environmental requirements. Many cities have developed plans to address traffic congestion in a thoughtful manner, so the importance of the research stems from of the importance of sustainable transportation systems and the extent of their impact on the city’s planning to meet the need for transportation easily and in a way that improves the social, economic and environmental aspects. As for the research hypothesis based on that sustainable transport applications provide effective solutions to the current traffic congestion in the study area and addresses the challenges posed by the current transportation system to the governorate. Based on partial treatments, which do not take into account the negative repercussions on the transport system and the ecosystem, which is currently being planned, in a way that adopts sustainable systems in the 2030 Vision. The research arrives at the conclusion that the road density for the population was low compared to the global level, while the per capita share of the road was low. By analyzing the degree of correlation using the beta indicator, it was proved that there is more than one interconnected transport network, while the use of the gamma index indicated the existence of interconnectedness. The average in the network of the transport system, as for ETA, indicates the deficiency of the transport network in the study area and the current obstacles that must be addressed to achieve sustainable transport. The research concluded accordingly to developing a vision to improve the transport network in the governorate based on a set of principles that take into account sustainable transport tools and global and regional experiences in this field.
Key words: transportation, sustainable transport, systems, infrastructure.

Abstract
This is a study of Brian Turner’s master poem “Here, Bullet” which gives his first volume (2005) its title. It studies this poem in light of Theodor W. Adorno’s “Aesthetic Theory”, 1997. It shows the authentic, realistic and truthful aspect of Arts in general and poetry in particular in expressing the atrocities of the war on terror comparing with other means of expressions (mass Media, interviews ...etc). It investigates a first- hand experience of a poet veteran who suffers the horror of war. It studies the poet's reaction towards the idea of death and how he aesthetically depicts the inability of the bullet to penetrate his soul. And by doing so such portrait appeals to the reader. The language of the poem shows the courageous soul of the speaker who invites the bullet to target his body. Doing so adds to the beauty of the poem and thus appeals to the reader.
Keywords: Bullet, Violence, Veteran, Aesthetic, War.