Engineering and Technology Journal

The achievement of sustainable development does not require attention only to the economic and social growth, but also to environmental and biodiversity fields necessitating the need to work to preserve the natural resources in the environment and biodiversity of organisms and management of the service of development, that any attempt to promote sustainable development and poverty reduction must take into account the provision of appropriate natural environment where the poor are the most dependent on the natural environment in order to meet their daily needs of food, health, shelter and the sustainable development of the environment and biodiversity longer a global facility-year-old link between the environment on the one hand centrally component of the process of globalization on the other. The sustainable environment is the true measure of the civilization of peoples, one of the most important goals of the civilized societies in this day and age, and that the preservation and maintenance of the environment and biodiversity comes through the role of herbarium, botanical gardens, nature reserves These contribute significantly to the protection of environment and biodiversity in order to achieve sustainable development, and it should be encouraged research and studies on the establishment of green belts around urban cities in order to find free of carbon clean environment, and develop solutions to the challenges of climate change and to support the efforts for a sustainable future, and attention to search universities and research centers and the relevant authorities to carry out studies related to the maintenance of diversity biological in plant Sciences, and microbiology, animal, insect, and the exchange of experiences as well as discuss the pros and cons of novel applications in the new scientific disciplines to study the environment and biodiversity, nature conservation, and to reach a scientific constructive ways to improve studies of protecting the environment and biodiversity, ways to maintain and use for development sustainable.

A field experiment was carried out during (2014-2015) season growing in one of the fields Quratu / Khanaqin region, Diyala province, aiming to determine the effect of the interaction between both Hydrogen peroxide at concentration 5, 10% and Vitamin C in three concentrations 50,100,150 mg. L-1 as well as control plant.
The results were showed occurrence of a significant decrease in the weight of the spike and spikelets and the number of spikelet’s and grain weight in the spikes and the weight of the grain in the spike of two varieties white and black to barley Hordeum vulgare especially at concentration 10%. But when the plant treated with vitamin C these qualities increased significantly especially at concentration mg.L-1 compared with control plant.

The determination of heavy minerals removal Cu, Cr, Pb, Cd, Zn, Ni, Fe achieved by using the dead and alive biomass and the pretreated biomass by NaOH 0.1 M and HCL 0.1. The percentages of removal in alive cells were 99, 97, 96, 90, 98, 92, 93 % and in dead cells were 100, 99, 98, 92, 100, 93, 95 % consequently, and the pretreated biomass by NaOH 0.1 M showed complete removal for the minerals Fe, Ni, Zn, Pb, Cu and 96,97 % for the minerals Cd, Cr and the pretreated biomass by NaOH 0.1 Mshowed 90,87,95,90,94,92,98 % for the minerals Fe, Ni, Zn, Cd, Pb, Cr, Cu consequently. The isolate have proved it’s fully removal ability for the most studied heavy elements by their analyze at low concentrations (1 mg/l) individually (100,99,90,80,100,90,100)% or combined (100,100,99,90,100,99,100)%for the minerals Fe, Ni, Zn, Cd, Pb, Cr, Cu consequently. Aspergillus niger isolate has proved a high efficiency in biological treatment for the industrial waste water of Al- Daura refinery and the waste water of the Abu-Ghraib Dairy factory using pretreated dead biomass by NaOH 0.1 M , the mineral removal percentage reached (97.5,96.6,95,87.5,98.9,88.8,90.9) % and (97.5,96.6,95.4,85.7,98,88.8,89.7)% for the minerals Fe, Ni, Zn, Cd, Pb, Cr, Cu consequently. Aspergillus nigermutant isolate has proved a high efficiency in biological treatment for the industrial waste water of Al- Daura refinery and the waste water of the Abu-Ghraib Dairy factory by using the Pretreated biomass with NaOH 0.1M ,the mineral removal percentage reached (100,97.8,100,94.4,100.97.2,100)% and (100,97.5,100,90,100,95,100) for the minerals Fe, Ni, Zn, Cd, Pb, Cr, Cu consequently

This present study was conducted to show the extent of using non-traditional water resource such as sewage after its treatment with local alternative chemicals and using the resulting water in agriculture parts. The study with the current application of phytoremediation system for sewage treatment crude from the inner collected during the spring season 2016. Phytoremediation is used to note the efficiency of Ceratophyllum demersum in reducing the values of pollution indicators, improve water quality, and compare it with the values of those indicators in station water. Measuring of some physical and chemical before and after treatments. Moreover, we measured four metals (Cd, Zn, Ni and Cd). C. demersum showed highly efficient in removing total dissolved solid, total suspended solid, biological oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demined, nitrate, phosphate rates (43.22%, 95.55%, 90.72%, 90.49%, 88.19% and 85.71%) respectively. Efficiency to remove the concentrations of trace metals under study (Cadmium, Zinc, Nickel and Lead) (24.27, 9.94, 49.08 and 29.21) mg/l respectively. The study reached the following result, the C. demersum have a high efficiency removal in treatment of wastewater

Afield experiment was conducted during the spring and fall seasons of 2013 at the experimental farm, Department of Field Crop, College of Agriculture, University of Baghdad, to investigation the effect of nitrogen fertilization (150, 300 and 450 kg N ha-1) in grin yield and seed quality of ratoon sorghum of Inqath variety. The method of agriculture was significant in all the studied characters except number of seeds per head. The ratoon method gave high significant values for the number of heads, kernel weight, grain yield, harvest index (HI) percentage of protein and field emergence (12.58 head.m-2, 14.92 gm-2, 7.51 tons ha-1, 0.3611.30% and 59.8%), respectively. The direct seeding (by seeds) gave high significant values of the head weight (71.4 gm). The direct seeding gave high significant values of seeds content of carbohydrates (32.25%). Results of statistical analysis also indicates that there was significant effect of fertilizers application of at 300 kg N.ha-1 gave high significant values for the head weight, number of heads and grain yield (70.5gm, 14.5 head m-2 and 8.37 tons.ha-1 respectively). Increased nitrogen fertilization gave a significant improvement of seeds quality, the higher level of N fertilizer (450 kg N ha-1) the higher values of the percentage of protein and field emergence (11.93% and 64.0% respectively). By contrast, the seed content of carbohydrates performance was decreased with the increase of level of nitrogen fertilizer to reach its lowest average (29.21%) at the level of (450 kg N ha-1). However, we recommend using the ratoon method cultivation as it increases the grain yield by 37% and improved its quality

Seasonal variations and quality of Epipelic non-diatomic algae was conducted at the confluence of Al-Therthar arm with Tigris river, samples were collection monthly for (4 seasons) in 2016 year. 43 taxa were identified, algae belonging to 20 genus, which Cyanophyceae were dominate with (30) species, followed by Chlrophyceae 8 species, Euglenophyceae 4 and Chryptophyceae 1 specie. Also The study able to recoded new species (Nostoc microscopicum .Carmichael) of blue- green algae to add to the of Iraqi fluora. The results observed increase in the species belonged to Cyanophyceae in general and specially to both genus Oscillatoria and Spirulina, which shows that the study area exposed to deferens environmental stresses

The current study is an attempt to highlight the possibility of stimulating the amount of total protein of three green algae (Asterococcus spp, Scenedesmus dimorphus, Chlorococcum humicola) under the influence of Nitrogen removal (N2- 0), adding of Sodium chloride (NaCl), mixture of vitamins (B1, B6, B12) and change the current speed (as a mixing factor) of 400 and 850L/h. Algae were Isolated locally from the Iraqi environment and selected culture medium (Chu-13) for culturing and development with controlled conditions (25 ± 2 ° C, intensity of illumination 3000 Lux and 8:16 light: darkness system and pH 7-7.5.Total protein was determined depending on the methods of Lowry modified by Lopes et al. ( 2010) and then the optical density was measured at a wavelength 665 nm and a standard curve depending on the protein (Bovin serum albumin) concentrations (0-10) ml was draw. The results showed varying effects on total protein between algae either in control (Chu-13 medium) or when the transaction with the variables of removing nitrogen and adding NaCl, mixture of vitamins B, current speed change, Results were as follows: Algae Asterococcus sp, S.dimorphus and C. humicola recoded a total protein values (109.6, 78.8 and 185.9) mg/g-1 and percentage (19.5,2 0.17 and 35.3.%) in control medium, Chu-13, respectively, while recorded (111.2, 41.5 and 170.7) mg/g-1 and (27.0, 11.7, 31.7%) in Chu13-N0, and (119.4, 112.3 and 158.6) mg/g-1 and (28.O, 26.7 and 29.3%) in the center Chu13 + NaCl and (225.3, 146.7, 216.2) mg / g -1 and (51.1, 28.9, 40.3%) in Chu13 + (B1, B6, B12) and (294.7, 46.5, 214.3) mg/g-1 and (40.7, 9.1 and 36.9%) at 400 and (171.6, 127, 145.2) mg/g-1, and (31.8, 29.2, 28.4%) at 850 l/h current speed respectively.

The research was conducted in the laboratories of the Environmental Research Center / University of Technology for the academic year 2015-2016 to determine the chemical structure and the Effective Material in the edible parts of the licorice. The results of the chemical analysis of humidity was 3.72%, fat 1%, ash 35.61%, protein 4%, fiber 13.08% 42.59% The ratio was based on dry weight. While the percentage of the major mineral elements of potassium, magnesium, calcium and nitrogen was 2.913, 1.32, 2.140 and 1.50% respectively and the mineral content was 220 ppm and the water extract of the licorice powder had a neutral behavior with a pH 7.2. The qualitative detection of the water extract of licorice powder between its composition on the compounds flavonates, tannins, glycosides and Saponins, which are effective compounds of the plant. The effect of licorice extract on the efficacy of laboratory germination of barley seeds has been tested as a quick method for producing barley seed crops in a short time, which can be used for medical, food or feed production purposes

The issue of health has become one of the most important concerns in the development of various societies, both developed and developing, as one of the most important factors contributing to sustainable development and one of its indicators. While health is a value in itself, it is also a key to increasing productivity and raising productivity. Health development is an important element in the process of social and economic development. It is not possible to achieve real development, without improving and developing the human health condition, which is the nucleus and goal of development. A healthy person is capable of building healthy and sustainable development. , If the direct and main factor in the field of health is to control the disease and the treatment for treatment,
many critical factors lie beyond the direct control of the health sector. This is coupled with the sectors of water, sanitation, education, urban and rural life, housing, energy and agriculture, especially the environment. The importance of the study in linking the relationship between the sustainable health development of the population in Iraq and its effects on the human resource and explain its impact on the length of life and quality of life of the population and then its direct economic and social impact on the human resource and sustainable development will also enable this study to identify the results of health development in Iraq By virtue of its own characteristics of population, geography and development The responsibility of sustainable health development lies in raising the number and quality of life expectancy of human beings and thus benefiting from additional years of life that can achieve some economic and social balances. . The research also aims at clarifying the close relationship between sustainable health developments and improving the life of the human resource. Considering that health development is a gateway among other approaches to sustainable development, it is considered one of the most important approaches to sustainable development because its subject is human resource

This research included a comparison between the chemical and physical properties of the ground water in the different parts of the Samawah desert in order to compare the aspects of ground water with the limits of World Health Organization (WHO) for drinking water as well as to assess their suitability for agricultural purposes. Several parameters are examined for (16) wells and (3) artesian wells which are located in the different regions of Samawah desert depending on the scientfic methods of sample collection in mid - February (2017). In this research, information about the location and geological aspects of Samawah desert are provided. The results showed that there are differences in the ground water aspects (chemical and physical aspects) among wells water and most of the wells water was a saline water generally in comparison with the WHO limits. However, there are three wells where have a good quality of water and matching to WHO limits. Also, the water of these three wells is suitable for agricultural uses, unlike the rest of the examined wells, where the water was not suitable for agriculture or suitable for agriculture, but taking care of the soil.