journal of kufa studies center

In recent years, the interest of specialists in the development and planning of secondary service centers has increased, as they are considered complementary centers to the main centers in cities, especially in large cities, where there are many service centers, and one of these cities is the holy city of Karbala, which has witnessed a remarkable growth in these secondary centers, which are spread in most of its residential sectors and provide a range of basic services to its residents and residents of its neighboring areas, which makes these centers Areas that support the main centers, which is crowded with religious tourism throughout the week, which makes it unable to provide the basic services entrusted to the residents of the city and the regional residents who flock to it from various other regions and governorates on the one hand, and the multiple religious events that the city center witnesses during the year, in which a large number of visitors arrive from inside and outside Iraq, which makes the center very oriented to satisfy the needs of visitors as a result of the job and service pressure it suffers from on the other hand. This made other service centers within the residential areas take their service role in the process of providing services to the population throughout the year, and the demand for these centers increases during the seasons of religious occasions witnessed in the city, so the study came to clarify this role.

This study aims to find out the extent of the application of the balanced scorecard in the Libyan commercial banks operating in the city of Al-Bayda, and to find out whether there are any statistically significant differences in the opinions of the participants about the extent of the application of the balanced scorecard by the employees of the Libyan commercial banks operating in the city of Al-Bayda due to some personal variables. To achieve the objectives of the study, the study followed the descriptive method, as the researchers developed a questionnaire based on some previous studies, where its credibility and stability coefficient were confirmed, and the study population was represented in all the employees of the Libyan commercial banks operating in the city of Al-Bayda, which are (312) workers, and to determine the size of the sample, the Krejcie and Morgan (1970) table was relied upon, where its size was determined by (175) worker, selected by stratified random sample, and to analyze the data of the study, a computer was used and a statistical program was used from the software service contained in (SPSS), where many results were reached that can be summarized as follows: The study showed that the application of the balanced scorecard in the Libyan commercial banks operating in the city of Al-Bayda under study was average. The study also concluded that there are significant differences between the average responses of the participants' opinions about the application of the balanced scorecard in the banks under study attributed to the age variable and in favor of the age group (less than 30 years) at a significant level of 5%, while the results of the study showed that there are no significant differences between the averages of the responses of the participants' opinions about the application of the balanced scorecard in the banks under study due to the following personal variables : age, specialization, length of service, training courses, and finally, the study recommended several recommendations to raise the level of the implementation of the balanced scorecard in the commercial banks under study.

The concept of livability in cities emerged as a reaction to the problems of rapid urbanization that is taking place in the cities of the world, and the fact that the concept does not have a fixed or specific definition agreed upon in the literature, this led to its overlap with other concepts, and one of the most overlapping concepts with the concept of livability are the concepts of quality of life and the concept of urban sustainability. The research assumes a convergence The concept of livability and the concept of quality of life in the objective dimension of each of them while it meets the concept of sustainability in their respective goals, but at different levels. The research aims to reach a clear understanding of the concept of livability in cities and its difference from both the concepts of quality of life and urban sustainability.

The concept of the Solidarity City came to reduce the phenomenon of urban sprawl, as the Solidarity City has a material and spiritual strength linked to the collective memory of the inhabitants because it was characterized by several advantages, the most important of which are social, defense and economic, and that it has a distinctive urban form, especially that density played a distinctive role in giving this form, as density helped to be mixed use. The research found that the main characteristics of a conglomerate city are (high density, mixed use, easy access, proximity, public transportation).
The Solidarity City has achieved sustainability in all its aspects, including social sustainability through social interaction, social justice, social mixing , reducing the difference between social classes and environmental sustainability by relying on public transport and reducing CO2, encouraging walking and cycling, focusing on the importance of open and green areas and economic sustainability by making significant savings through the demand for transportation. The habit of rehabilitating open areas in cities, mixing land uses reduces the scarcity of urban land.

Salafism has become a key actor in shaping the structure of the Islamic fundamentalist mind, its thinking, its behavior, and even the way it leads political entities at the level of countries and armed groups, and this is the most dangerous thing in the matter, as there is no fundamentalist jihadist movement or organization that claims to be associated with Salafism, this one-sided approach of understanding and perception in its possession of the truth and the absolute claim of religious, sectarian and political legitimacy, begging for violence once. With the power of the state once again, and taking advantage of the security turmoil and intelligence employment for the third time, these factors imposed the Salafi-jihadi approach as a product that derives its teachings and fatwas from historical Salafism, and the contemporary bio-Salafism is a grave tragedy on the values of the civilization of the Arabs and Muslims itself, and the corresponding global human civilization within the framework of the theory of religious and political conflict, which the poles of this school of thought say in what they classify as the House of Islam: The one who is restricted to the approach of the Salaf, and the abode of disbelief: non-Muslims and followers of different Islamic religions and doctrines.

The importance of the research stems from the importance of the incident of Atif in the life of the Iraqi society and the importance of drawings as projective touchstones to identify the psychological emotions inherent in the hearts of young people.
The research aims to identify the embodiment of the Atif incident in the drawings of the students of fine arts institutes according to their mental perceptions.
The theoretical framework of the research consists of three topics, the first topic was concerned with the incident of Atif in which the researcher reviewed a historical reading of the incident, while the second topic was concerned with the study of the philosophical and psychological system of artistic representations, and the third topic was concerned with the impressions of the incident of Atif on Iraqi social thought and its repercussions in art.
In order to achieve the research goal, the researcher designed a tool to analyze the fees of students (the research population) which amounted to (67) students, following the descriptive research method. The researcher reached a number of results, the most important of which were:
1. 91.04% of the students' drawings embodied the Atif incident according to their mental perceptions, while (8.96%) of the drawings did not show an embodiment of the incident, and this may be attributed to the weakness of the students' artistic abilities in expressing the incident.
2. The high percentage of plastic embodiments in the students' drawings of the Altif incident is a practical translation of the students' close association with Hussein and the extent of their great emotional interaction towards his oppression, as well as the transcendence of their religious and national affiliation by describing the incident of Latif as part of their Islamic history and heritage.

Imam Ali bin Muhammad Al-Hadi (AS) is the tenth Imam of guidance (AS), whom God has infallible from error and purified from impurity, and he assumed the Imamate after his father, Imam Muhammad bin Ali Al-Jawad (AS) at the age of eight, and he is qualified for this divine position, and we stand on a milestone of Imam Ali Al-Hadi (AS) and his scientific activities and knowledge achievements in the field, and an art of humanitarian, educational and legal knowledge. It is the rooting of fundamentalist rules based on conclusive or conjectural evidence, so that it can be a way for scholars to start from it to think and think.

The intellectual and content dimensions in the Qur'anic text allow for research into the structures, linguistic and compositional elements that consisted of a strange stylistic weaving and exquisite systems, and these elements have formed expressive properties in structure, sound, and signification, and identifying these elements would reveal the homogeneous meanings and the goals and objectives implied in these meanings, and the aesthetic values they carry, and to identify the miracles in the noble text. Therefore, I decided to study (Surah Al-Ma'oun) to find out the pleasant meanings contained in this Surah, because of its call to achieve social justice among the members of the same society by refining social behavior on the one hand and achieving equality in the distribution of wealth on the other hand, away from the style of command and the obligatory tone, but in a way that included presenting the situation of those who lie, call and do not urge through verbal manipulation of vocabulary in perfect harmony with the structure of the phrase. Despite the small size of the surah, it included the reference to reporting the most important things mentioned in the true religion in stabilizing its pillars, including belief in reckoning, reward, zakat , and prayer, but in a style controlled by the choice of vocabulary and the lexical, semantic, and morphological significance it entails that is consistent with the context of the text, the subject of the surah, and the syntactic pattern in the structure of the phrase in a pleasant way that ensures expressive properties of the content of the surah, a musical bell, and a linguistic intonation related to the meanings of the surah. All of this reflects the harmony and consistency between the name of the surah, the place, and the reason for its revelation, revealing the graphical nature of the text, and the functional and expressive relations of the textual structures in their various aspects in directing the discourse in a pleasant expressive style, revealing one of the aspects of his rhetorical miracle.

This is another of the works of Muhadib al-Din al-Basri, the scholar who wrote a lot, and it is a manuscript ( Al-Afia al-Wafi ) in various etiquettes, most of which revolve around food etiquette .
The manuscript consists of twenty pages, each page has twenty-five lines, and in each line there are fifteen words in a beautiful and clear naskh script, except for a few words that seemed unclear in front of me, and their subtitles are colored red . It includes a summary of the great hadiths and useful narrations on the etiquette of food and its Sunni benefits, which were narrated from the Ahl al-Bayt (peace be upon them ), because the polite person is a Shiite, and for this reason the sources of Shiite scholars were the sources on which he relied.
The manuscript begins with an introduction in which he praises Allah (swt) for the virtue of food, the conditions of drink, its benefits, its tastes and properties, and he mentions the benefits of each plant and its own hadiths, and if he mentions each drink and food, he narrates the narrations that revolve around it, for example, when he mentions water, he narrates some texts, such as "If one of you drinks water and breathes three times, he will be congratulated and a woman", and when he mentions meat, he narrates: "Allah revealed to one of His Prophets when he complained to him about his weakness that I should cook meat with him." When he mentions a plant like a watermelon, he says about it that its smell is like the smell of Paradise and he cites the hadiths, his way of mentioning what is going on about the word that he mentions is reminiscent of the way al-Damiri in his book (The Great Animal Life), which deals with hadiths and news that have to do with animals or plants.
I obtained the manuscript from Dr. Tawfiq Al-Hajjaj, a professor at the Faculty of Arts, University of Basra, who brought it from the treasury of Dr. Nizar Al-Mansouri in Karbala .
The fact is that the manuscript contains a narrative effort by some of the sciences and etiquette of the Islamic society on the subject of food, and it contains a warning about what is recommended and what is hated of the types of food .
The manuscript was characterized by scientific precision, linguistic control, and a clear rhetorical style that indicates the position of the polite in the world of writing and authorship .

The tourism sector is one of the important economic sectors for many countries that have had a share in the field of tourism investment, as it contributes effectively to the general budgets of developed countries and to the economic growth of the country, among these countries are Egypt, Tunisia, Malaysia and China, as most of the developed countries are interested in achieving an attractive investment climate for investors in order to develop infrastructure services, bridges, and all facilities concerned with the services of the tourism sector
Due to the importance of tourism investment in the employment of the workforce, the availability of job opportunities, the elimination of unemployment and the improvement of the quality of life for the population, as well as the development of tourism services such as hotels, tourist restaurants, and travel and tourism companies, despite the fact that Iraq and the Iraqi governorates, including the province of Najaf, have important tourist sites such as religious, archaeological and historical sites, but they suffer from neglect, as well as the lack of environmental conditions that attract tourism investments due to security problems and the conditions that Iraq has gone through. During the period after 2003, there are many tourist sites from the north to the south of Iraq, many of which express the authenticity and civilization of Iraq.
This research comes as a way to show the importance of tourism investments in this vital sector of the Iraqi economic sectors , and a number of conclusions and recommendations have been developed for those concerned with the subject of tourism investment.

Marketing organizational outputs represents the main concern of many organizational departments as it represents the final results that organizations have come out of the normal practice of their work, and for this purpose, many theories have been developed and many strategies have been listened to to find the optimal methods to promote and market these outputs, perhaps the most important of which is the strategy of orienting towards the market.
In the current study, the strategy of market orientation has been applied with its two branches, proactive orientation and entrepreneurial orientation , by adopting the approach of foresight for the future and the analysis of the historical data of the subject of the study, which is the marketing of scientific research for postgraduate students at the University of Kufa, through the study and analysis of the historical data obtained for the academic years from 2009/2010 to the academic year 2014/2015 and for the three study programs (Higher Diploma, Master's, and PhD).
The most important results reached are the construction of a mathematical model through which a future vision can be developed to achieve development at the various research and scientific levels of the field under study, as well as the possibility of determining the optimal number of scientific researches to be promoted in the light of both the strategy of proactive orientation, or the strategy of entrepreneurial orientation by the concerned colleges or departments at the university.

The main purpose of this research is to study the role of strategic momentum in achieving sustainable value for the customer in Rafidain Bank in Najaf, to determine the relationship and impact of adopting strategic momentum in achieving sustainable value for the customer in Rafidain Bank in Najaf, and to achieve the objectives of the research, two main and sub-hypotheses were tested.
The research was applied to a sample of (29) managers in the branches of Al-Rafidain Bank in Najaf, and the data were analyzed using SPSS software. The most important findings of the research are the desire of Rafidain Bank in Najaf to retain its customers and reduce their loss rate over a lifetime by providing banking services that exceed their needs and expectations and achieve their complete satisfaction, and also the results of the research showed the weakness of the promotional strategy adopted by the management of Rafidain Bank, and this is reflected in the weakness of the acquisition of new customers for the researched bank. The results of the research also showed that the management of the Rafidain Bank in Najaf Al-Ashraf suffers from weakness in the field of directing the sufficient strategic momentum that accompanies the changes that take place in the research bank.
While the study recommended the need for the management of Rafidain Bank in Najaf to adopt an advanced promotional strategy that has the ability to acquire new customers and retain existing customers, the study also recommended the need for the management of Rafidain Bank in Najaf to focus in a balanced manner on the components of sustainable customer value in its three dimensions (customer acquisition, customer retention, and customer expansion) because of their role in achieving the largest market share and thus achieving profitability.
Also, the management of Rafidain Bank in Najaf should use the strategic momentum in a way that accompanies any targeted change process because of its great role in achieving sustainable value for the customer.

The study tried to present a modern theoretical framework for the most prominent things presented by writers and thinkers regarding the two variables of the study, especially that the independent variable represented by modern management practices is one of the important topics that have received wide attention in recent years, which can be considered a new dawn in the world of business administration because it is one of the modern topics, while the adopted variable represented local performance, which is also one of the topics that received great attention in the Recently, especially after the developments in business administration and the difference in the perception of it and considering it as an important strategic partner that participates in the general strategy of the organization.
The study tried to answer a number of questions, the most prominent of which was the problem of the study.
1. Do the researched organizations rely on modern management practices in the performance of their functions?
2. Are modern management practices the main pillar of the organization's performance?
A hypothetical model has been developed that shows the nature of the impact relationship between the variables and has been explained by a set of main and sub-hypotheses that have been tested using some statistical means for the collected data through a questionnaire form on the researched organizations in the Najaf Provincial Council, and reached a set of conclusions, the most important of which are:
1- The results of the field study showed that there is a relationship between modern management practices and local performance
2- The dimensions of modern management practices vary in terms of influencing local performance
The conclusions reached prompted a set of recommendations and suggestions for the researched organizations, as well as recommendations provided to researchers in the future in the topics of modern management practices and local performance.

The fuqaha' of the school of Ahl al-Bayt (a.s.) were interested in fundamental research, especially with regard to practical principles – such as innocence, choice, precaution and companionship – and Shaykh al-Azam al-Ansari (d. 1281 AH) was the most prominent of these topics in their current state.
I am not exaggerating in claiming that the hadeeth of al-Rifa' had the favor in these fundamentalist researches, because it is the mayor, rather it is the most important thing that indicates the rule (shar'i innocence), so I have discussed it in three chapters, the first of which dealt with the chain of hadith, and it became clear from the folds of the words that it is a complete chain of narration, regardless of whether it is a saheeh isnaad or a valid one.
Since the semantic research with regard to the hadith has taken up a large space in the researches of the scholars, I thought that I should make it into two topics (the second and the third), including the second of which is what is meant by the lifting mentioned in the hadith, and since the lifting requires that something be raised, the third topic was to show that.
The research concluded with results, perhaps the most prominent of which is that the researcher of the hadith and others has reached the fundamentalist depth that the Najaf Ashraf Fundamentalist School has reached, through the opinions and evidences that have been exposed, the most famous of which agree on the possibility of benefiting from the hadith as a support and an indication of what is required, while the research was not without exposure to some literary, linguistic, men's and other jokes, as is the view of researchers in the science of fundamentals, as it is one of the sciences that support the fundamentalist research.

One of the issues that has occupied the minds of scholars, whether in the field of religion or in the field of applied sciences, is the attempt to find an explanation of the mechanism and how the devil influences man, because he can reach all human beings without exception, coming to the world from the point of view of his knowledge, to the ignorant in terms of his ignorance, to the professional in terms of his profession, and to the young according to his perceptions. etc., and all of these are under the control of his whisperers.
Since this strange creature is considered one of the world of the unseen and spiritual, which has no tangible effect, scientists have differed in explaining the mechanism of its influence on man, because each of them sees it from the area of knowledge accumulation from which it originates. The divine philosopher and the mystical world are researching it in terms of philosophical and mystical vision, the theologian is researching the texts that are about him and trying to interpret them according to his theological drink, the practitioner of applied sciences tries to subject this mechanism according to natural and material laws, and the secularist who does not believe in the existence of occult beings at all believes that all these interpretations are inspired by the soul and imagination that have no reality outside.
In light of these opinions, the research dealt with the views of some religious scholars, psychologists and philosophers in a preface and two topics, the preamble was devoted to the definition of (the devil) in language and terminology, followed by the first topic to present the interpretations of Muslim scholars, and then the second topic was devoted to the interpretations of medical scientists (psychological and physical).

One of the important legislations in Islamic law, especially in the economic aspect, is the waqf system, where each taxpayer may lock up his property on a certain entity, so that it will be the same or benefit to that entity, and Islamic jurisprudence has set provisions and controls that regulate this process in a way that makes it achieve its goal of contributing to the improvement of the condition of those who have been arrested or those who work and invest in it, and like any other issue, the Muslim jurists have worked hard in rulings according to their schools of jurisprudence, and there has been a multiplicity of statements in the details, so he took over the management of the endowments. The Islamic rulers, including the endowments of the Ahl al-Bayt school, which differ in their detailed rulings on the issue of administration, have suffered throughout its history from the domination of rulers who do not follow the Ahl al-Bayt school in their rulings, especially the ruling regime in Iraq before 2003 AD, which made these endowments lost and did not achieve what they were suspended for, and made people reluctant to stop because as a result, it falls into the hands of the unreliable ruler or the violator in school affiliation.

The great scholar Ja\'far ibn Qulawwiyah (368 AH) (RA) (RA) is one of the great jurists of the Imamiyyah and its great marja\'s, this great scholar contributed to the defense of the doctrine of the Ahl al-Bayt (AS) and wrote a large number of books in the branches of rulings and various afflicting issues to explain and disseminate the jurisprudence of their great school (AS), especially at the end of the Minor Occultation and the beginning of the Great Occultation. The people of pure infallibility (as) have included a large number of narrations transmitted from them in jurisprudence and others, but this great legacy still suffers from neglect, including his great book (Kamil al-Ziyarat), in which he collected all the narrations about the Imams (a.s.) about visiting the grave of the Great Prophet (pbuh) and the rest of the graves of the Imams, and the virtue of these visits, their etiquette and the reward they contain.

The mention of the fighter of the saints and the children of the prophets (peace be upon him) was repeated in the Holy Qur'an, and the mention of the fighter of those who commanded the majority of the people was also mentioned again, as was the mention of the fighter of some believers who had faith in their hearts, so the mention of the details of that fighter had a prominent impact on the texts of the Holy Qur'an by virtue of its repetition in more than one of the sources of the Holy Book, and if this mention has been repeated in the Holy Qur'an as a trace of the ancient nations. The question that arises in the mind of the researcher is: Why did the Holy Qur'an focus on some fighters and not on the many murders that took place on the face of Adam (peace be upon him) to this day?

This study aims to identify the nature of the complementary relationship between corporate governance and project risk management (ERM) by evaluating the internal control system and its sub-components using corporate governance as well as project risk management as a whole, as well as identifying the modern concepts of each. The researchers used the descriptive method in the aspect of the theoretical framework of the study and statistical analysis in the applied (practical) aspect of it, and developed for this purpose a questionnaire form consisting of four axes and reached some conclusions, perhaps the most important of which is that all economic units are committed to adopting and developing modern control systems based on the application of the best modern corporate governance standards, which should be supported by the use of project risk management (ERM). ) for operational, reporting and compliance activities Assists in the evaluation and sustainability of the internal control system as well as the process of controlling and managing the surrounding risks properly.

The research aims to clarify the importance of program and performance budgeting as a platform to reach the optimal utilization of resources and propose a framework that facilitates the transition to the application of program and performance budgeting in government administrative units, and the research is based on the following hypotheses: The use of item budgeting does not lead to efficiency and effectiveness in allocating resources and using them in government administrative units, and the application of program and performance budgeting will lead to a focus on planning, goals, and performance measurement, and the proposed framework leads to facilitating the application of program and performance budgeting in government administrative units. Proving these hypotheses through the practical aspect that included distributing a questionnaire to a sample of centrally funded government units and analyzing their results, the research dealt with the emergence of the general budget in Iraq, its concept, the method of preparing it, the emergence of program and performance budgeting, the reasons for switching to program and performance budgeting, and proposing a framework that helps implement program and performance budgeting, and the research reached several conclusions, the most important of which are: The use of traditional government accounting and item balancing systems including bottom-up, cash-based accounting and traditional auditing systems while adhering to rules and instructions These systems are unable to assist in evaluating the management performance and operational performance of government units and considering issues of economics, efficiency and administrative effectiveness of the operations for which the management is responsible.
Several recommendations include: applying the merit basis with the budget of programs and performance , moving from input-based budgeting to output-based budgeting , paying attention to performance measures , applying a tab that is compatible with the budget of programs and performance, and issuing the proposed framework in the research to facilitate the implementation of program and performance budgeting.