Basrah Journal of Veterinary Research

Garlic (Allium sativum Linn.), commonly used possess a comprehensive range of antimicrobial action. The goal was to test the health properties of Saudi garlic to eliminate the gut pathogenic microbes. Methodology was included the collection of Saudi garlic, were prepared the extracts, and were tested the pathogenic microbes cause gastrointestinal infections. The results showed the first score was included Staphylococcus aureus was eliminated with the boil extract within twenty-four hours, and within forty-eight hours it was eliminated with the hot extract. The second score was included Shigella dysentery, Campylobacter jejuni, and Escherichia coli were eliminated within forty-eight hours by the hot and boil extract. The third score was included Closterdium sp., Bacillus cereus, and Salmonella enteritica were eliminated with the presence of some little colonies. The fourth score was included Candida sp., Aspergillus sp., Cryptococcus neoformans, and Saccharomyces services were partially eliminated. It was decided that the active substances in Saudi garlic were capable of eliminating pathogenic microbes cause gastrointestinal infections. It was suggested that the pharmacy department be active in determining the permissible quantity of Saudi garlic for an individual to use according to his health condition.

The present study emphasizes the importance of in Ovo feeding strategies, particularly the supplementation of fertilized eggs with amino acids such as L-arginine to enhance the Bursa of Fabricius development. Targeted nutritional interventions during embryogenesis offer a promising approach to improving the overall health, productivity, and market value of poultry. The experiment was done in the college of agriculture - University of Sulaimani to study the effects of arginine on the bursal tissue of commercial and local Kurdish chickens. One hundred fertile eggs involved from the Ross-308 broiler breeder strain and one hundred fertile eggs from a local breed. The in ova inoculation treated included a control group without inoculation and three groups inoculation with 1%, 2%, and 3% Arginine solutions. The inoculations were carried out twice, on the 14th and 18th days of incubation. Four chicks at one-day age from each Treated group were euthanized, and their bursa of Fabricius was preserved for histological slide preparation. The study found that bursal follicular proliferation in Kurdish breeds showed significant improvements in lymphoid follicles and number compared to commercial breeds. The scoring system for bursal follicular proliferation was higher in the G4 (3% Arginine) Treated group. However, bursal sections from Fabricius bursa showed significant aggravation in follicle number, with G3 and G4 Treated groups scoring higher. Eggs inoculated with arginine showed significant follicular growth in both breeds.

This study evaluated the effects of treating eggs with varying concentrations of acetic acid (0%, 5%, 10%, and 15%) on internal and external egg quality traits. A total of 40 fresh chicken eggs were divided equally among the four treatment groups. Eggs were immersed in their respective acetic acid solutions for 10 minutes, followed by rinsing and air-drying. Quality parameters, including weight, external dimensions, shell thickness, and internal traits, were measured before and after treatment. External traits such as egg breadth showed significant differences (P<0.05), with higher values observed at 5% and 10% concentrations, while egg length and shell thickness remained unaffected. Internal traits such as yolk and albumin weights were significantly influenced (P<0.05), with optimal values noted at 10% concentration. Egg volume and surface area also increased significantly with acetic acid treatments, particularly at higher concentrations (10% and 15%), while the shape index remained stable. Density-related traits such as egg and yolk density peaked at 10% and 5%, respectively, reflecting enhanced structural integrity and nutrient retention. The shell weight per surface area was highest at 5% concentration, suggesting improved calcium deposition. Overall, acetic acid concentrations of 5%-10% demonstrated the most favorable effects on egg traits, indicating the potential for moderate acid treatments to enhance certain quality parameters without compromising structural integrity. These findings provide valuable insights for optimizing acetic acid use in egg preservation and hatchery practices, warranting further research into extended exposure durations and alternative acids.

Drug and chemical substances are common causes of liver dysfunction, including acute hepatitis and liver failure. Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) is widely used as a model to study hepatic toxicity. Nanosilymarin (S-CsNPs), with its antioxidant properties, has emerged as a potential therapeutic agent for liver injury. This study aims to evaluate the therapeutic effect of (S-CsNPs) on hepatotoxicity. The study involved 30 adult female albino rats, randomly divided into five groups. The first group served as the negative control and received no treatment. The second group received carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) intraperitoneally at a dose of 3 mL/kg twice weekly for four weeks. The third group was the untreated group, which also received CCl4 as described but did not receive any subsequent treatment. The fourth group was treated with silymarin at a dose of 50 mg/kg, administered orally once daily for three weeks following CCl4 exposure. The fifth group received (S-CsNPs) at a dose of 0.2 mg/rat, administered orally once daily for three weeks after CCl4 administration. Liver function was assessed via enzyme markers (ALT, AST, ALP, GGT and bilirubin), and oxidative stress was evaluated by measuring TNF-α, MDA, SOD, and GSH levels. The CCl4 group showed significant elevations in liver enzymes and oxidative stress markers compared to negative controls. Treatment with (S-CsNPs) significantly(P<0.05) reduced ALT, AST, ALP, GGT, bilirubin, TNF-α, and MDA levels, while increasing SOD and GSH levels compared to CCl4, untreated and silymarin-treated groups. Nanosilymarin effectively reduced CCl4-induced liver damage, indicating its potential as a liver-protective agent

The current experiment was done in the poultry farm of the animal production department, college of agriculture - Kirkuk University, from (22/04/2022 to 22/07/2022), 120 unsexed chicks were used (White quail=40, Brown quail=40, and Gray quail=40), rearing on the cages, the diet and the water ad libitum when the flock reached 120 days of age 5 male, and female were chosen randomly to slaughter. Following the slaughter, the heads were gathered, boiled, and the characteristics of the skull were measured using a Caliper Vernier with an accuracy of 0.01 mm. There were significant differences in some dimensions, as the Pro. Sprameaticus of sequamosal bone was larger in the brown genetic line compared to the white one, which was smaller. This is also the case with Postorbital process, as for the other dimensions, there were no significant differences between the genetic lines. There were highly significant differences in many dimensions, where the female white quail excelled over the rest of the birds in the Cerebellar prominentia trait, and in the Exoccipital bone trait and Postorbital process, the male white quail excelled over the other birds. The gray female quail also excelled in the Postorbital process, Dorsal middle point of frontonsal structure, and Middle point of frontonasal structure Basilar tuberculum of basioccipital bone, over the other of the birds. As for Paraoccipital process, white males, gray males and females outperformed other birds. As for the other of the characteristics, there was no significant effect among the studied interactions.

The purpose of the study was to investigated the histological effect dietary L-arginine supplementation at 0%, 5%, and 10% above National Research Council recommendations on the testes of 225 male Japanese quail from three genetic lines (white, Brown, and gray). The current study was conducted from December 6, 2022, to July 1, 2023, at the poultry farm of Kirkuk University's animal production department, College of Agriculture. Initially, the Directorate of Agricultural Research-Baghdad. Birds were divided by color into three groups and fed diets containing different arginine levels from age 30 to 90 days. Testes from selected birds were examined histologically after H&E staining. Results showed that 5% arginine (S2) induced significant spermatogenic activity in all groups, with the most notable effect in gray quail (thickened basement membranes, increased spermatogenesis, and fat infiltration). The Brown line showed moderate changes, while the white line exhibited only mild stimulation with no fat infiltration. At 10% arginine (S3), the gray line displayed severe histopathological changes, including basement membrane thickening, Sertoli cell disruption, fat infiltration, and signs of early lipoma formation. The Brown line exhibited signs of hyperplasia, while the white line showed enhanced spermatogenesis and sperm maturation with minimal adverse effects. In conclusion, gray quail were highly sensitive to arginine supplementation, Brown quail showed a moderate response, and white quail demonstrated increased spermatogenic activity with minimal histological damage.

This research aimed to study the effect of Lepidium sativum (LS) seed extract and to compare between it and GnRH in treating inactive ovaries in cows by gene expression, the study was conducted on 27 lactating anestrus crossbreed cows, aged between 3-5years in Al-Thahab Al-Abiad village / Abu-Ghriab/ Baghdad province during June 2020-July 2021. These animals were suffered from ovarian inactivity after 60-90 days postpartum. These dairy cows were randomly separated in to three equal groups. (9cows on each). The 1st group treated by injected IM with 0.021mg/animal GnRH (5ml), the 2nd group treated with Lepidium sativum 25mg/orally/ for 10days (250mg/animal), the 3rd group left without treatment. Reproductive parameters included animal response, period of response, services number /conceptions, rate of pregnancy and days open. The results revealed that animal response was 7(77.7%), 6(66.6%) and 3(33.3%) in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd group respectively with significantly increase (P<0.01) for the 1st (GnRH treated group) and 2nd (LS treated group) in compare with the 3rd group (control) , the duration of response recorded 6.36±1.24, 13.72±2.45 and 87.2±0.1in the three groups respectively recording superior significantly (P<0.01) for treatment groups (G1 , G2) when compare with the control group (G3) and for G1 compared with G2, Pregnancy rate was 85.7%, 83.3% and 66.6% and days open recorded 106.35±5.47, 114.26±6.52 and 187.40±0.0 in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd group respectively which was high significant in (P<0.01) in treatment groups in comparative with control group. We concluded that LS seed extract was effective in cows