Journal of Almaarif University College

Education is getting more developed and creative with what the teachers’ minds have excelled in
throughout the ages, and no matter how diverse the means of education are, reading remains the basic
element for all types, and it is a tool for every knowledge, and reading remains the starting point towards
the march of science and knowledge in history, and among the most important targets in basic education
are children Those who are a trust in the necks of society in all its segments, and this is confirmed by
families at home and educational institutions, and since the Noble Qur’an revealed, the Islamic nation
has taken care of raising and educating children, and the first food that enters the mind of a Muslim child
was the Qur’anic words, and from the first moments of a newborn’s life He hears the Takbeer of the call
to prayer so that monotheism is the basis of his life, and after the child's senses are qualified and his mind
matures from this pure environment, he will draw from the source of the Qur'an recitation and
memorization

The research handles the morphological connotation, and its impact on identifying the meaning in the
interpretation of (Adwaa al-Bayan in Explaining Qur’an by Qur’an) by Al-Shanqeeti, based on the
descriptive approach, and some of its tools, such as analysis, observation, and induction. The study
reached into some results including that: The morphological connotation has a clear function in
identifying the meaning in (Adwaa Al-Bayan). The difference in morphological formulas also had an
impact on a difference in the meaning in it. Al-Shanqeeti used the morphological connotation in choosing
the meaning, preferring it, and distinguishing the sayings of the interpreters. The functional meanings
varied due to the different morphological forms mentioned by Al-Shanqeeti in (Adwaa Al-Bayan).

n this research,we dealt with an issue mentioned in the interpretations that deal with the graphic side,and this issue is the association between words,and we found that this association may be between two words repeatedly,forming a phenomenon,and it may be between two words in one place and its purpose is to serve the meaning. A requirement in this research due to the honor of those names,and it became clear from this research that conjugation is a method intended to consolidate and strengthen the meanings.

This research was not the first study that dealt with Professor Al-Shalubeen (645 AH), but rather it is
considered the one of a series of previous studies. It aims to shed light on the following sides. Firstly,
focusing on Al-Shalubeen, who did not get the fame that his students got (Ibn Al-Hajib, Ibn Asfour, Ibn
Al-Dha\'a, and Abu Hayyan). Secondly, getting acquainted about the methodology of Al-Shalubeen in his
dealings with audio evidence, and the status of hearing wiith him, through his book (Hawashi AlMufssal), which he put it on the book (Al-Mufssal in the Craft of Arabs) by Jarallah Al-Zamakhshari. It
is known to all that the Qur’anic text represents the highest levels of language, eloquence, and power.
Not only that, but most of the Arabic studies came to serve the Quranic text. Finally, the aim of this
study explains the concept of employment among the Shalubeen in the light of the grammatical
differences, and the multiplicity of opinions that accompanied the audio evidence.

Among those whom God (Glorified and Exalted be He) blessed them with an explanation of the book
“Izhar Al-Asrar” by Al-Barkawi in grammar, Sheikh “Suleiman bin Ahmed Al-Mudarres”, one of the
scholars of the twelfth century AH, and he called it “Zubdatul-Anzar fi Halli Ouqadi Iz’har Al-Asrar”,
and it is one of the important and valuable explanations that It is indispensable in the grammar lesson, as
its author explained it in an easy, scientific manner, and detailed many grammatical issues in it, according
to reference to the sayings of scholars, as well as deposited in it many controversial issues and
grammatical explanations, in addition to some different linguistic issues, such as morphological,
phonetic, etc. and rhetorical It is no secret that Allama Al-Barkowi was a scholar, interpreter, jurist,
ascetic and preacher, and he had a great position among the scholars, as he was the chief grammarian of
his time, and he was keen. The research included the grammatical factor in the present tense of the
explanation as a model.

Praise be to Allah, Lord of the worlds, and peace and blessings be upon our Prophet Muhammad, the seal
of the prophets. In this research, we will shed light on a topic of utmost importance, namely the subject
and predicate in the book "Al-Fawaid Al-Mahdawiyyah" by Sheikh Muhammad bin Muhammad AlMuhdawi, who is considered one of the pillars of Arabic language books. This research will discuss the
author's biography and life, then present what is mentioned in the book regarding the subject and
predicate. The research will conclude with a summary of its findings.

The prophetic expression is considered a high level in the statement, eloquence, and Arabic rhetoric. No
one can deny the ideal image of eloquence in the honorable prophetic hadith, which comes after the Holy
Qur’an. His words carry the most accurate meanings, the kindest ones, and the finest structures, as they
have a solid structure that fails anyone who tries to come up with the same. In this study, I tried to identify
some of these places in which the letters expand. It is supported by each of the letters in the honorable
speech of the Prophet, mentioning the opinions of scholars regarding these letters and from these letters
(from, what, or, about, even, the ba, no, the ha).

This study dealt with military terminology because of its importance in daily life, and military life existed
from the time of the Messenger (may God bless him and grant him peace) to our present time. In the
introduction, it dealt with something about the importance of the Arabic language as well as military
terms. Semantic and its study has importance. It helps the researcher to refer to the terms and choose
their words accurately and shorten the time and effort for him. I took the term with Dr. Ahmed Mukhtar
Omar and then studied it with the ancients and modernists. I concluded that Dr. Ahmed Mukhtar Omar
mentioned the military terminology abundantly .

The aim of the research is to analyze the in-kind poem described by Ibn Duraid, that the Arabs did not
say a poem in warning better than it, as poetry is a form of human speech, and it is an honest way to
express emotion and emotion, and from here it is possible to trace the poet\\'s emotion, or his emotions
through his choice of words in terms of strength and weakness, the recipient can stand on its implications.
The research was divided into two parts. The first section dealt with the introduction, which includes the
traditional lineage, which includes verses (1-9) While the second section concerned the main purpose of
the poem and called it the national dimensions, and it includes verses from (10-60) The research
recommended dealing with other poems by other poets to show the emotions of the poets and their impact
on communicating their components and goals.

It is noticeable that the state of the ego and the other ego is clear in the poetry of Ibnul-Haddad Al-Andalusi,so the ego was suffering and pain for him,and this matter appears clearly in most of his poems,and perhaps the reason behind this is rejection and prohibition in the other,and his view of the other (woman) was a negative view,and it is noticeable that he relied on In his discourse on the other on symbols,as many Arab poets who preceded him relied on this approach,in not declaring the names of their beloved ones using pseudonyms,and Ibnul-Haddad expressed his flirtatious experience with a Christian girl whom he called (Nuwayra),and he directed his (ego) towards that woman in a way Great passionand passion.Therefore,the suffering ego appeared sad in his poems a lot,so he mentioned the abandonment of the beloved and her repulsion from him,and the wise ego had a large share of his poems. Because this topic contained space,it occupied the mindof Ibn al-Haddad a lot,especially since he was living in an emotional atmosphere that was optimistic at times and anxious at other times. The ego lover of Ibn al-Haddad Al-Andalus got an important part of his collection.

The Abbasid era witnessed distinction and a qualitative shift in various areas of life,and this development depended on several factors,including the transition of people from the Bedouin to the civilized city,from poverty to wealth,and from introversion to coexistence with various races,and these factors helped to keep up with this poetry The development and the tradition and innovation in it appeared to us.As for the idea of renewal,the poet is always eager to break out of the cycle of monotony,following,and imitation. The phenomenon of renewal in Arabic poetry is not recent and limited to contemporary modern poets. Rather,it is a civilizational phenomenon with roots in our poetic heritage. Differs from; For the aforementioned reasons,if renewal is a new innovation that has not been found before,then renewal came at all levels of the poem in terms of form,content or purpose,so renewal is considered a revolution against the old in order to replace it with something new.And our poet Hais Bays succeededin imitation and renewal,so he did not leave the originality and originality of the poetry of the first poets,but rather you see his poetry as if it were from the pre-Islamic era,as we see the old tendency remained somewhat conservative,but this does not mean that he remained an imitator,rather he kept pace with the development taking place in his era and took the idea Renewal in his poetic production in terms of its themes and structures.

This research deals with the mystical poetic experience in general, referring to the overlap between poetry
and mysticism and the relationship interdependence between the two poetic and mystical experiences.
existential dimensions, and it is no longer just a tool for expressing thoughts and feelings, but rather a
position in itself, as it expresses a certain kind of knowledge, then it turns to talk about the mystical poetic
experience of the two great poets (Ibn Arabi and Mulla Al-Jaziri) and the influence of Ibn Arabi on AlJaziri in His poems and mystical thoughts and an indication of the sites of influence through a
comparative study between them, and we chose for this comparison three mystical topics that are among
the most prominent and important theories produced by Islamic mysticism: love and divine adoration,
the unity of existence and the unity of witnesses, and the unity of religions and the Muhammadan truth,
and we believe that the hadith is based on These theories form an epistemological basis for the mystical
theories produced by Sufi poets in their poems and collections, including Ibn Arabi and Mulla Al-Jaziri.

It is established among Muslims that the Islamic law, as God ordained it for eternity, through renewal
and development that simulates reality and its changes to be consistent with this perpetuity and eternity.
a lot. That is why this law came, and indeed all the laws, to preserve for them the purposes of five -
according to the opinion of the majority in their number - perhaps it is obvious that the preservation of
religion is at the forefront of its ranks, which the laws meant to preserve, and today we want to trace what
this law enacted in terms of a rule to preserve the mind negatively, through The prohibition of drinking
alcohol, and specifically whether it is hadd or ta’azeer, they are exposed to some details of what this
difference throws on some jurisprudential rulings, all this through two topics, the first is the definition of
the limit and the reinforcement linguistically and idiomatically, and then delving into the details of the
jurists and their differences by presenting the opinions and presenting the evidence for each team,
weighting When he outweighs it with complete impartiality, we have not been able to do so, and perhaps
it will suffice us that the truth was our pioneer in our pursuit of this part, and Allah knows the intent.

The study aims at identifying the general level of job satisfaction for college staff in each of (Al-Maarif
University College) as a private college, and (University of Fallujah) as a public one, and the level of
arranging job satisfaction factors from the highest satisfaction to the lowest, which are (salary, work
relations job security, degree of empowerment, and social status) comparing between the two educational
institutions of the level of job satisfaction and the order of its factors. The research sample was a total
number of (103) staff members, with (51) members from the two departments (law and medical
laboratory techniques) at Al-Maarif University College, and (52) members from (College of Law and
College of Applied Sciences) at University of Fallujah. Using the questionnaire as a study tool and
arithmetic means are as a statistical means. Result show that the study revealed that the level of job
satisfaction of college staff in the two institutions was well above the hypothetical arithmetic mean (2.5),
as the arithmetic mean at Al-Maarif University College was (3.815), which is slightly higher than it was
at University of Fallujah, which reached (3.678). As for the factors of job satisfaction, it has been found
that they were ranked from the highest satisfaction to the lowest at Al-Maarif University College, where
the labor relations factor was in the first rank with an arithmetic mean of (4.186), followed by the
empowerment factor in the second rank (4.143) and then the social status factor. In the third rank (3.671),
the job security factor ranked fourth (3.575), while the salary order was in the fifth and last rank (3.506).
While the arrangement of job satisfaction factors at University of Fallujah was the empowerment factor
in the first rank with an arithmetic mean of (3.883), followed by the labor relations factor in the second
rank (3.805), followed by social status in the third rank (3.721), followed by job security (3.501), while
the salary factor was in the fifth and last rank (3.481). The study has presented a set of proposals and
recommendations to enhance the job satisfaction of staff members in educational institutions

One of the goals that most countries, including Iraq, seek to achieve is agricultural development. This is
because of its increasing effects on providing food for the population, which is increasing significantly.
The development of agriculture and the production of crops has become a necessity. Agriculture is the
main resource of human food. It also provides the requirements of livestock and meets their needs. The
value of this research lies in the importance of the study area, i.e. human factors, and their importance to
achieve agricultural development. The study of these factors aims to investigate the extent of their impact
on achieving agricultural development. The methodology of this research follows a descriptive and
analytical approach in studying all the aforementioned factors using scientific methods, especially the
positioning device (GPS) and a set of analytical programs. The study presents scientific conclusions,
where the number of human factors has a direct and indirect impact on achieving agricultural
development in the study area.

Faith is crucial for a Muslim's life; as Islamic religious texts emphasize its importance. It
manifests in individual behavior and society. The Sunnah of God afflicts righteous servants to
raise their status and set an example for patience. The Prophet Ayyoub is a prime example of
patience. This study aims to highlight lessons Muslims can benefit from in their faith,
especially during temptation. The study utilizes a descriptive approach to reveal the
characteristics of Prophet Ayyoub, highlighting his satisfaction and praise. This serves as a
practical lesson in faith for late-age learners, highlighting the strength of determination and
the presence of more claimants. The most prominent finding of the study is that God tests His
servants as He wills, so whoever is satisfied will have contentment, and whoever is
discontented will have discontent, bearing in mind that I did not find a previous study that
focused on this subject in terms of belief. The study recommended searching for doctrinal
lessons that can be learned from the stories of the rest of the prophets in surviving trials, and
focusing on faith issues that a Muslim can benefit from to help him in his life.

The International Monetary Fund played an important role in guiding the Iraqi economy after the US
invasion of Iraq in 2003. The Iraqi economy was affected by the massive economic transformations and
the decline in oil production and natural resources. Therefore, the Iraqi government was forced to request
financial support from the International Monetary Fund. The International Monetary Fund provided the
necessary financial and economic support to the Iraqi government. The fund directed the government in
implementing economic reforms to achieve economic and financial stability in the country. The
mechanisms used by the fund to achieve this goal. Analyzing these mechanisms helps assess the impact
of economic reforms on the economic and financial situation in Iraq. Based on this analysis, it can be
determined whether the current reforms are sufficient to bring about improvement or if further reforms
and economic measures are needed.

This paper addresses the ways of how President Biden chose to use language in his speech about the
Corona virus vaccination entitled (Remarks by President Biden on Fighting the COVID-19 Pandemic)
on September 9, 2021. The speech was transcribed on the White House official website on the same date
of the speech. This study has adopted for the analysis the three-dimensional analytical model of Critical
Discourse Analysis model by Norman Fairclough (1995). Thus, the speech was analyzed through text
analysis and described via social practice. The ideological and persuasive parts of the selected corpus are
evaluated, which show Biden's language choices. The power shown in the language is also looked at.
The study adopted a qualitative analysis that showed that the speech was meant to give real reasons why
people should get vaccinated to stop the pandemic from spreading. This meant that the speech had to be
kept. Results showed most of the ideas that came out were about nationalism, working together to fight
the pandemic, and making the country's economy better. Also, results showed how the president and his
subjects shared power by the president's use of the pronouns "we, our, and us," and his repeated use of
the term "fellow Americans," his appeal became more palatable to the audience

Language can be a powerful vehicle of influence for leaders as it enables them to frame and organize the
meanings and messages they need. Academic leadership and communication are intimately connected in
the sense that the way the newly elected university presidents craft their inaugural speeches for their
audience is crucial in selling themselves and their visions, an aspect that is rarely addressed in earlier
research of genre analysis. As such, drawing upon genre analysis theories, the study takes the form of a
qualitative investigation of the generic structure and obligatory rhetorical moves and steps in ten
inaugural speeches of the newly appointed American university presidents collected through the use of
simple random sampling. The results of the study demonstrated that the new university presidents
organize their inaugural speeches on a succession of eight obligatory generic moves. Each move was
reported and explained with concrete examples from the corpus.

Interest in media has increased recently. So, several patterns are discovered from both academic and
industry perspectives. For instance, news networks are crucial in delivering breaking news on
international affairs, military operations, other topics to people around the world. The words used,
especially in headlines, in news articles, have significant impact on how effectively they achieve their
intended communication goal. There are several linguistic characteristics that define this language. The
pragmatic aspect is one of such aspects. In study effort in this area, the use of speech acts specifically,
which is a fundamental element of pragmatics, has not been fully addressed. The current study aims at
closing this gap by examining the speech acts used in CNN headlines to depict Ukraine and Russian War.
From each of these news sources, twenty- five (25) headlines are chosen. According to this study,
headlines may have pragmatic implications that are encoded, making it important to find out what such
meanings are. The time frame is between March and October 2022. The investigation carried out with
this study demonstrates that carefully examining the speech act used in news headlines might be a useful
technique to ascertain the writers' intended meaning. To this end, Searle's (1979) model has been adopted
in this study. According to research, CNN news stations most frequently utilize assertive speech acts in
their headlines. With the lavish use of assertive speech acts in the headlines of CNN news channel. The
reason behind this assertives are used to give truthful information to the reader. The finding shows that
explicit speech acts have the highest percentage of employment than implicit speech acts in the headlines
of the CNN news channel. The findings also refer to using the commissive and expressive speech acts.
Quantitative as well as qualitative descriptive method was selected as the most suitable design for the
current study. Quantitative method was used to calculate the frequencies and the percentages of speech
acts as well as the linguistic devices associated with the speech acts. Qualitative descriptive method was
used to analyze the pragmatic and linguistic phenomena related to CNN headlines in the light of the
previous researches. The study recommends that the newspaper writers continue executing assertive
speech acts in their headlines if they wish to tell the truth.

This study conducts a pragmatic analysis of symbolism in the English version of the film "The Lion of
the Desert" by Omar Al-Mukhtar, investigating the use of symbols as a means of communicating
meaning beyond their literal definition. Grice's theory of implicature is utilized to examine how symbols
are used to communicate effectively and efficiently. The study focuses on fifteen major symbols used in
the film, exploring their use in conveying themes and messages related to Libya's struggle for
independence. The findings demonstrate that the use of symbolism is an effective technique for
communicating complex themes and ideas to the audience. The research highlights the significance of
pragmatic analysis in understanding language use in context and provides insights into the role of
implicature in conveying meaning beyond explicit statements

The focus of this study is on the speech acts used in leadership speeches. Speech acts is considered one
of the most important theories in the field of language use. It is viewed as the essence of pragmatic
analysis since the majority of pragmatic studies are mainly based on or even have a marginal reference
to this theory. The study is being conducted to fill a gap that, according to the best of the researcher’s
knowledge, the speech acts has not yet been investigated in the speech of leaderships, namely heads of
departments and their subordinates in Iraqi universities. The study aims to investigate how speech acts
are similarly or differently used by subordinates and heads of English departments in an academic setting.
To achieve this objective, the researcher adopted Searle's (1969) classification of speech acts. The
researcher hypothesizes that there are significant differences in the use of directive, assertive, and
commissive speech acts between SDEs and HDEs. However, a quantitative analysis is conducted to
analyze the data that is collected from the participants via a questionnaire sent to them in the WhatsApp
as a link. A quantitative approach is efficient in displaying the frequencies and percentages of various
speech act categories. The findings revealed significant differences between the heads’ and subordinates’
use of most speech acts (expressive, commissive, and directive).

Michel Foucault's theories of biopower attract the attention of many writers who articulate this notion in
their writing. For Foucault, Biopower is the use of different techniques to achieve body enslavement and
population control. However, in light of Foucault's theory of biopower, the doctor-patient relationship is
given less consideration. Foucault asserts that the medical gaze and discourse play influential roles in
defining this relationship. Thus, this study aims to examine the patient-doctor relationship in light of
Foucault's theory of biopower. It investigates the role of biopower, specifically the medical gaze, and
discourse, in controlling such relationships in Lisa Loomer’s play "The Waiting Room". This play depicts
the medical institution as an unhumanized environment that uses its knowledge and power to dehumanize
powerless patients. Medical gaze and discourse are used as methodological tools for the analysis to show
their role as sites of power. The present study concludes that medical gaze and discourse empower
doctors in such relationships and, in return, weaken patients for their lack of such methods.

Power is a prerequisite for relationships. These connections may be made between individuals or groups.
One will get the upper hand in the power relation, dictating the other’s behavior. For instance, in a parentchild relationship, the parent will typically control the child’s behavior. The objective of this study is to
investigate the impact of the social and religious background on peoples' behaviors. Foucault’s concept
of power relations is the method that will be applied on Dennis Kelly's play DNA to show the impact of
the group on individual, and the strong over the weak. This play raises questions about the behavior of
individuals whether their violent act is an outcome of the power relations, or it is in their biology to act
in such a violent way. By explaining the role of Foucault’s power relations (groups, parents, and society),
the study concludes that the environment surrounding individuals definitely affects their behaviors. The
absence of laws and parents’ role in the play side by side with the power of the group give the opportunity
to the characters to engage in criminal acts and create innocent criminals

In education, a virtual learning environment (VLE) is a platform used in teaching and learning to give
access to educational online content. This can be via computers or mobile technology. This study aims
to identify the relationship between VLE and Iraqi EFL Academic Students` Achievement. The study
design is a descriptive correlational one, the instruments are used as an achievement test, and the Distance
Education Learning Environments Survey (DELES) was distributed by email addresses to develop
settings for investigating how virtual environments affect students' achievement in online courses.The
sample of the study was selected in a randomized method in this study to examine the relationship
between the (100) students enrolled in the virtual second course and their achievement, during the
academic year 2021/2022 in English Department. The student's achievement was the (dependent
variable). The results indicate that there is positive links between these VLE and students` achievement.
As shown to be significantly correlated with the study independent variables (instructional to an
introductory methodology, student autonomy, and virtual course format). Students who had received a
thorough introduction to technique, structure, and autonomy tended to perform much better than those
who had had a less thorough an introductory to methodology, structure in the course, and levels of
autonomy. In the light of the obtained results conclusion, recommendations, and suggestions have been
put forward.

This paper highlights the representation of hijab to Mohja Kahf (1967) an immigrant Muslim woman in
the United States of America and Nimah Ismail Nawwab (1966) a Muslim woman living in Saudi Arabia.
The study displays the difference between the dominant understandings of the West to hijab as a symbol
of the subjugation of Muslim women; and the self-expressed sense of Muslim women that wearing hijab
has an affirmative experience in their lives. As being Muslim women poets, Kahf and Nawwab embrace
certain Islamic duties to be the speaker and educator on behalf of Muslim women. The study tackles
Kahf's poem "Hijab Scene #7" from her volume of poetry E-Mails from Scheherazade (2003) and
Nawwab's poem "The Hidden Layers" from her collected poems The Unfurling (2004). The aim of this
study is to argue that the concept of hijab is not only a religious issue, but it embodies the cultural identity
of its wearers as well as to explore how Kahf deals with the concept of hijab as a symbol of difference
to the migrant Muslim woman in Western society and Nawwab's portrayal of Muslim women wearing
hijab/niqab/abaya and living in the Arabic/Muslim world. Through their poems, the two poets refute all
the harmful assumptions towards the hijab of Muslim women and show that hijab is a metaphor for their
positive experiences. The study will rely on the concept of hijab by providing its diverse definitions and
shapes through history. To illustrate the correlation between the terms of culture and identity a
clarification is given which helps to form the cultural identity theory. Then, Hall's theory of cultural
identity is applied in order to frame the analysis of the poems and the most effective theorists and critics
who developed it.

Identity construction is the process of developing and defining one's sense of self, which is influenced
by various factors such as culture, experiences, and social interactions. Language learning is one such
factor that can significantly shape one's identity construction. Given that, it is understandable that one’s
identity or sense of self may easily be affected in the process. In light of that, the current study aims at
finding out the implications of the English language on EFL learners’ identity at Soran university.
Another aim of this research is to analyze the level of awareness among students in relation to the impacts
of the English language on their identity. The study made use of a qualitative research design. Focus
group interviews were used as a major tool for data collection. The participants of this study were twenty
students from the English department/Faculty of Arts/Soran University who were both undergraduate
(3rd, and 4th year) and postgraduate master students. The results of the study demonstrated that the
English language has a great impact on the way the participants view their national identity, think about
the world, dress, behave, and view their culture. It also revealed that learning the English language
resulted in the formation of different learner identities and that some of the learners were unaware of
such changes in their identities.

Zora Neale Hurston 1891-1960 was an African American novelist, folklorist, and anthropologist who
was an important figure in the Harlem Renaissance. She is known for featuring African American folk
culture and explored issues of race, gender, and identity. The paper approaches Hurston's Sweat (1926)
in light of The Second Sex (1949) by De Beauvoir. Beauvoir argues that women are treated as "other" in
society, and that this is the root of their oppression. She contends that men are seen as the norm, and
women are seen as inferior and deviant from this norm. This is particularly true for women of color, who
face not only racial oppression but also sexism. The paper aims at examining Hurston's work as a
response to this idea of the "other" in her novel Sweat. The paper also addresses Hurston's work as
highlighting that the cultural specificity of African American women's experiences should be recognized
and celebrated, rather than being subsumed under the category of "woman" as defined by the dominant
culture.