AL-ADAB JOURNAL

Abstract:
Talent is a readiness that is born with a person who has the ability to distinguish himself in one area of life, or in several ones. It requires making great efforts in order to discover them, appreciate them, support them and take care of them, with the aim of developing them. Recent decades have witnessed the interest of developed countries in the talented people in various fields, and allocated special budgets in order to develop methods of identifying them, and to design programs and initiatives studies to take care of them, which guarantees them an integrated psychological, mental and social growth. The UAE has spared a noticed effort in this field. This research is focusing the light on the most prominent initiatives and programs implemented by the country’s institutions with the aim of discovering talented citizens in the field of literary writing, tutorship them and refining their creative talent. This is done through three axes: the first deals with the concept of creative writing, and talent development and nurturing programs. The second: reviews a number of programs for talented children in creative writing. The third focuses on the sponsorship programs for the talented youth in the same field.

The importance of narrative discourse is evident in the fact that it is not just a discourse programmed according to the linguistic dimensions that are employed according to the context of the maqam, but its importance appears as a multi-dimensional semantic, contextual and ideological discourse, emanating from a shady reality, unclear dimensions. Hence, the fact that the narrative text presents to the reader several concepts that help him understand human history and the lived present. The research shows the study of the manifestations of textual dimensions in the novel Chaos of the Senses by Ahlam Mosteghanemi, taking the concept of pilgrims and intentionality as important dimensions that exist within each literary text that carries a cultural discourse.

*AleIrfan* is a mental science that emerges from cognitive theory and is linked to the brain, mind, and mental processes. It is a science that considers language from a mental perspective.Language, according to those with a mystical orientation, is not seen as an independent entity to be studied in isolation but is connected to mental and perceptual processes. Consequently, the meaning of a Quranic term can be viewed from a perspective different from the linguistic context, resulting from the mind and intellect and related to intention and context. Some interpreters have used the science of cognition in interpreting the Quran, referred to as symbolic interpretation. This involves interpreting the Quran not by its apparent meaning but through hidden indications perceived by mystics and Sufis. These interpreters believe that texts have apparent meanings but also contain subtle indications revealed to those on a mystical path. This type of interpretation differs from that of esoteric sects. The mystical method does not deny the apparent meaning but encourages it, asserting that it must be understood first. In contrast, esoteric sects disregard the apparent meaning entirely, focusing solely on the hidden meaning.

Arabic dialects have formed a wide field of scientific studies, and although there are studies on Arabic dialects in the Arabian Gulf, some of these studies are specific to the dialect of the United Arab Emirates, but the Emirate of Sharjah has its own dialect character that the linguist notices when dealing with its people. This study aims to highlight some aspects of the dialect of the Emirate of Sharjah. By addressing the issue of phonetic changes in the hamza sound, which has witnessed major historical and technological changes over time. It also seeks to link this dialect to the Arabic dialect system by monitoring the dialect remnants of ancient Arabic dialects in it. The importance of the study stems from the fact that it addresses a linguistic topic in linguistics, which is living dialects, in addition to the lack of studies on the dialect of the Emirate of Sharjah. The study followed the descriptive and analytical approach by observing, classifying, and phonologically analyzing vocal phenomena to show the manifestations of the vocal changes in the sound of the hamza and explaining them according to phonetic laws. It also benefited from data from field linguistics through narration and monitoring the speech of the language’s people to reveal dialect differences. The study showed that the Sharjah dialect has phonetic issues, especially the hamza sound, which constitute an extension of phonetic developments in Arabic dialects, and that some of it represents dialect deposits from ancient dialects.

The book “The Great Writer” is one of the most prominent books written by Ibn al-Muqaffa, and it played a major role in defining the Arab world and raising its artistic and rhetorical level among writers. Given the artistic, historical, literary and scientific value it contains, we decided to shed light on the book Let us discover the most important functions of the title based on the pragmatic approach. The research concluded with several results, namely that the book was distinguished by several aspects according to the perspective of pragmatics, especially in the functions of the titles, as the titles in the book of great literature had multiple important meanings that revolved around many social and political issues, and they carry two types of meaning, which is the descriptive function and the seductive function. The descriptive function was to shift the role of titles dealing with politics, so it revolved around dealing with the Sultan and the necessity of guarding against him, the way to deal with him, introducing his character and what the Sultan likes towards his subjects, taking care of the affairs of the elders rather than the minors, the types of kingship, delegating matters to the competent, inspecting the subjects, etc The Sultan requires it from The matter of the world. The seductive function was often evident in the writer’s speech for people to deal with their world and the ruler and the principles that they must follow, which were represented in: keeping company with the ruler with caution, not questioning the Sultan, warning against the ruler’s wrath, being kind to the Sultan’s entourage and his group, tolerating disagreement, correct advice to the Sultan obedience to kings, Behave with knowledge, be humble, and avoid lying and slander.

The historical library is rich in many manuscripts and printed sources that provide specialists and researchers with the scientific content necessary to study and understand the historical course of events and build important historical information in its field. However, we find that many sources lack perfection and are affected by deficiency and loss; for several reasons, including material, human, natural, intentional, and others; which constitutes a severe deficiency in these sources and in the importance, nature, perfection, and completeness of the scientific material they provide, and thus disrupts the scientific value of these sources and the extent of their benefit, which may lead to abandoning them. We also find mention of some books and publications, but they were lost over time and their texts were scattered in the books, which necessitates re-collecting them again and presenting them to students in the form of a single source as it was in its original form, or at least in the closest image to the lost original. This is undoubtedly a difficult task and requires great and exceptional effort with great knowledge, awareness, and comprehension in this field, which not every researcher and historian is proficient in, but rather it is the work of historians and investigators experienced in their field of specialization. The most prominent objectives of the research are: identifying the reasons for the loss and deficiency in the original historical sources, what led to this, how to re-collect the missing texts and reconstruct the texts, and complete the deficiency and missing parts of these original sources, and clarify how to use scientific methods and methodology that contribute to restoring these texts to their correct status and reusing and employing them in historical studies. The desired results of the research include: providing a mechanism and methodology for how to deal with historical sources and texts that are missing or parts of which are missing, and how to benefit from them, as well as encouraging researchers to work and practice this type of purposeful and promising scientific research, with tracking down the sources that are still missing and how to work on serving them in the required scientific manner.

Dubai is one of the UAE’s largest cities. The emirate is well-known for its rich history and heritage. As well, it has become one of the most important commercial capitals in the Arabian Gulf. Museums serve as critical institutions for the dissemination of educational and cultural knowledge, acting as bridges between the past and present. This study explores the role of the Al Fahidi District Museums in promoting cultural awareness and educational outreach, examining its impact on visitors. The Al Fahidi District Museums not only preserve the rich history of Dubai but also offer visitors a unique opportunity to engage with the emirate’s transformation from a small trading post to a global metropolis. Through a combination of qualitative and quantitative research methods, including visitor surveys, and literature reviews, this study aims to assess how effective the museum’s exhibits and programs are in enhancing visitors’ understanding of local heritage. Special attention is given to the museum’s use of interactive displays, educational workshops, and multilingual guides, which cater to a diverse audience. The findings reveal that the Al Fahidi District Museums play a significant role in shaping visitors’ perceptions of Dubai’s cultural and historical identity. Visitors reported increased awareness and appreciation for the emirate’s heritage, and the museum was praised for its ability to make history accessible and engaging. This case study underscores the importance of museums in fostering cultural understanding and highlights the need for continuous innovation in museum education programs to maximize their societal impact.

The civilizations of Mesopotamia and South Arabia witnessed the development of systems of government throughout the ages. It started with a religious monarchy, as the ruler was considered an intermediary between the people and the gods. Then It moved to strong centralized monarchies, such as Sargon of Akkad, and Urnammu and Hammurabi, up to the Assyrian kings, as for the systems of government in southern Arabia, despite its chronological lag from Mesopotamia, developed its own a system of its own, initially based on the customs of the and was soon influenced by Mesopotamia, establishing kingdoms with a centralized system of government These systems were influenced by geographical and economic conditions, and emerged different types of administrative and legal organization.

Abstract:
Heritage has a comprehensive meaning for all that is inherited from cultures that include values, traditions, and visions, and this does not mean it belongs only to the past, but rather it is a cultural extension that lives with the era, and has an impact on contemporary life, which makes it have an impact on political, social, cultural, and spiritual life, and increases its historical and cultural value. The study touched on the profound historical and cultural importance of the Tree of Life in the Kingdom of Bahrain. Rooted in the arid landscape of Bahrain's desert, this reclusive tree of life represents a powerful example of endurance, defying the harsh conditions surrounding it for centuries. By examining historical beliefs, folklore and cultural practices, the study illustrates the multifaceted layers of meaning attributed to this iconic natural landmark. The Tree of Life serves as a focal point of Bahraini identity, embodying themes of resilience, continuity and interconnectedness with the environment. Its presence has inspired countless historical narratives and spiritual beliefs, and has become a sacred symbol of strength and vitality in Bahrani culture. Moreover, the tree's distinctive presence has facilitated scientific research into its adaptive mechanisms, contributing to a deeper understanding of the desert environment and conservation efforts. This study emphasizes the essential relationship between nature and culture, and shows how the Tree of Life transcends its botanical significance to become a powerful symbol of heritage and tradition in the Kingdom of Bahrain. By clarifying its historical and cultural value, it will subsequently impact Bahraini society.

Recent years have witnessed an increasing interest in historical and heritage buildings as a witness to the city’s memory and cultural heritage. The Historic Center of Baghdad, specifically the Saray area, is distinguished by its historical and heritage spaces that symbolize the city and its urban and urban identity. It occupies great importance and a distinctive position in society because it displays to us the city’s cultural heritage. Therefore, it constitutes the city’s identity as well as the fact that it constitutes the cultural, social, political and economic heart of the city. The rapid developments that cities have witnessed in the recent period have led to the deterioration of these spaces despite their importance and high value to society, which has caused them to lose many of their characteristics and have become areas of poverty and exclusion devoid of any activity. Therefore, the research investigates the concept of temporary activities as one of the modern concepts that have emerged to solve urban problems and that have developed. Gradually, with the difference in contemporary urban trends, which began to call for returning to the interior of cities, exploring deteriorating spaces, working to develop them, regaining their vitality, preserving areas of value, reviving what remains of the historical and architectural heritage of the region, and ensuring its continuity for future generations through rehabilitation and development, and adding events and activities that are lacking in order to Increasing their efficiency and exploiting them for economic and cultural investment purposes, so that historical buildings become a link that ensures continuity between the past, present and future. The most important conclusion was the basic role of temporary activities in activating and reviving city spaces and the importance of protecting the identity and values of society by preserving central and valuable areas, as a number suggested. Among the recommendations, based on identifying the gap, are to rehabilitate and develop areas of historical and heritage value using the concept of temporary activities.

The idea of this research is about participatory design and community involvement and its role in providing and proposing suggestions and ideas to reactivate the spiritual heritage of Al Rolla square park that is located in the emirate of Sharjah. It is characterized by Al Rolla tree that stood in our beloved emirate for more than 200 years and its leaves and branches covered all the place. In 1987, the leaves started to fall down suddenly, which made the people who used to visit the place shocked and in grief. This tree was one of the most historical and social sites for the residents of Sharjah city. This place has hosted many events such as national, cultural and social events. The place was renovated and reopened in 2014 by Sharjah municipality, but the problem is that nowadays there is no turnout by the locals to this historic square. This research will introduce the locals ideas and suggestions to revive the dynamic of Al Rolla square park to become a center of intangible heritage in the emirate of Sharjah and to highlight its value in terms of social and cultural through media platforms to educate the tourists and the new generation of locals about it as our grandfathers used to know it.

Plato has used one of the writing methods as a means of presenting his aesthetic ideas, the concepts of beauty and his aesthetic opinions. One of these writing styles which is known as dialogues was a means to present his ideas. The dialogue is characterized by its imaginative style; it does not explain the idea in a clear scientific way, rather, it explains it through metaphor, myths and stories. The Plato dialogue was the most successful method of expressing the truth; it tries to indicate the truth, but it does not claim to comprehend it. It addresses only the elite of people who can perceive the truth and interpret it.

Aristotle's realistic vision in ethics was not far from the reality of Greek society with all its traditions and beliefs; in addition to this reality, it did not neglect the external and lived reality; the ethical research of Aristotle was looking into the moral virtues according to this realistic vision.
Aristotle's main meaning of virtue is the complete readiness and execution of an action; it is the moral quality that makes a man a good man when he performs his own work to the fullest. Aristotle divides virtue into two parts: The first, mental, is natural, produced and developed by education and needs experience and time; the second, moral, is acquired, produced and generated by habit and character. Moral virtue is a state of natural and rational balance between excess and excess. In this research, we tried to clarify the moral purpose of the early Greek philosophers, from Socrates and Plato to Aristotle, and discussed the main differences in the interpretation of virtues between Socrates and Plato's vision and Aristotle's vision, in addition to Aristotle's realistic vision of practical moral virtues and theoretical mental virtues, such as goodness, justice and courage, in addition to Aristotle's realistic vision in practical moral virtues and theoretical mental virtues.

The interest sought from legislating the provisions of Sharia law is divided into several categories, the clearest and most famous of which is its division based on importance and what the legislation relates to. It has come into ranks in existence in proportion to the strength of each of them in itself and the consequences of each of them. These ranks are termed the three levels, and discussion of them will be comprehensive. On a statement, examples and applications of many of them, and those three levels are the types of interests considering their strength in themselves, which are: (necessary interests), (necessary interests), (improving interests).

This research aims to study the effects of parental separation on children in the UAE community from its educational and psychological aspects, highlighting the challenges that children face as a result of this separation. The research addresses the impact of separation on children's psychological stability, including problems of anxiety, depression and behavioral disorders, in addition to its impact on their academic performance and academic achievement. The research also explores the role of the UAE community, including educational and social institutions, in supporting children affected by their parents' separation, and provides recommendations for developing effective strategies to mitigate the negative effects of this phenomenon. Data and information derived from previous studies and field research are analyzed to provide a comprehensive picture of the size and impact of the problem in the cultural and social context of the UAE. The research results showed that parental separation leads to psychological and behavioral problems among children in the UAE community, which negatively affects their academic achievement and social relationships. The main recommendations include enhancing psychological support for children and educating parents on how to deal with the effects of separation. It is also recommended to activate the role of schools in monitoring children's behavior and providing the necessary support, in addition to updating legislation to ensure a stable and safe environment for them. Encouraging continuous research in this area is important for developing effective strategies to deal with this phenomenon.

The Hami Qishan Basin is considered one of the main basins of the Lezer Zab River, located in the northeastern part of Iraq within the high folded, imbricated, and suture zones. Erosion susceptibility levels in the Hami Qishan Basin were assessed using modeling of a set of indicators, including geological, topographic, structural, climatic, hydrological, land cover and land use, soil, and fieldwork confirmed the most effective factors in erosion. The study aims to prepare a spatial map that illustrates the levels of soil susceptibility to water erosion by applying the multi-layer spatial analysis methodology using geographic information systems and remote sensing technology. The modeling results revealed that there are four levels of water erosion types in the basin, varying in intensity and distribution, including low erosion type (0.01%), medium erosion type (33.31%), high erosion type (65.63%), and very high erosion type (1.05%) of the research area. This variation in erosion types results from the difference in lithology, topography, drainage network density, rock and soil type, and land uses, including vegetation cover density

Rapid urbanization contributes to increasing the concentrations of pollutants in the surrounding air, and this is clearly evident after applying the linear equation for the air quality index in Fallujah city, as the air quality index values for total suspended particles ranged between the good and very dangerous categories (AQI = 0 -500) for the two seasons, while the air quality index values for particles with a size of (PM2.5) ranged between the moderate category and the very dangerous category (AQI = 51 -500) for January, while the index values ranged between the moderate and dangerous categories (AQI = 51-300) for July, and the air quality index values for particles with a size of (PM10) ranged between moderate and very dangerous (AQI = 51 -500) for January, while the index values ranged between the good and dangerous categories (AQI = 0-300) for July. Among the health effects that accompanied the high index lie in the reduction of tolerance in healthy people and the appearance of negative symptoms in people with allergies, but if the index values are greater than 500, it can lead to deaths in sick people and elderly people. The index values vary depending on the variation in human activities and the type of fuel used in Fallujah city.

The study area is located southeast of Wasit Governorate and its area is (1191 km2), The study aims to know the morphometric characteristics and their effect on the sedimented valleys in determining the in Wasit Governorate (Al Bint,Al Yara,Al Ghariz). Through studying the reality of the study area, it was found that these sediments date back to the Triassic period. Which is represented by the Bay Hassan and Al-Maqdadiya formations and the deposits of the fourth time,which are represented by(deposited of the Pleistocene era,which included deposits of fan dals and deposits of running water) and (deposits of the Holocene era, which included deposits of sand dunes,shallow depressions,floodplains,filled with valleys,and deposits made by man),as the region is part of the eastern edge of the alluvial and returnable plain, The source of the unstable pavement is the valleys sloping from the eastern side of the Iraqi-Iranian border.which were formed by heavy rains in the form of torrents that wash away sand, gravel, clay, and silt. The study of morphometric characteristics represents one of the modern trends in the study water basins ,which is directly related to natural factors the most important of which are the water sources of those basins,Therefore, the study of morphometric characteristics helps to analyze the shape of the basin,the sedimentary stages of basins,and the land features that develop from them due to the variation in the processes of erosion and sedimentation of erosion and sedimentation,which can be used in many applied processes such as soil maintenance and water management, and in many engineering facilities it is possible to process and analyze within a set of laws that are mostly based on Horton's laws (1945). As well as on the laws that were introduced by many researchers such as Miller (1952), Strahler (1958), and Schum (1954). These studies have shown that the morphometric characteristics of water basins are the result of natural factors according to their quantitative morphometric classifications, whether areal, grid, or topographic. However, each method has its advantages and disadvantages, as it addresses only one aspect of morphometric analysis.

This research aims to predict the population maps of Dhi Qar Governorate by comparing the spatial interpolation methods Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) and Radial Basis Functions (RBF), The research also seeks to harness spatial interpolation techniques to produce maps with a high level of perceptual accuracy in representing the population data of the study area. This is achieved after exploring the statistical and spatial nature of the used databases, analyzing them, and determining their distribution using a variety of spatial data exploration tools available within the GIS (Geographic Information Systems) environment. These tools contribute to evaluating the characteristics, distribution, and analysis of data, including testing data distribution, identifying its direction, and uncovering its spatial correlations. This highlights the importance of the study and understanding the distribution pattern of the population data in the study area, thereby facilitating the preparation of future plans that serve spatial organization by building spatial models for the distribution of the total population, urban population, and rural population at the level of administrative units of the study area. This is done using Geostatistical Analysis methods within the concept of spatial interpolation in GIS. The research also seeks to predict the population maps for Dhi Qar Governorate by comparing spatial interpolation methods, namely Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) and Radial Basis Functions (RBF). The study concluded, after verifying the accuracy of the results using the Cross-Validation curve, that the Radial Basis Function (RBF) method is the most accurate model in spatial prediction of population data for representing the numerical distribution data of the rural population in the study area, as it had the lowest Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of 24731.19. It was followed by the Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) method for representing the data of the elderly population with an RMSE of 25236.635. This indicates that the use of statistical criteria improves the accuracy of spatial interpolation and that the spatial prediction of the population data for the study area using the Radial Basis Function (RBF) method was more accurate than the Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) method based on statistical indicators.

The parliamentary electoral process holds significant importance in determining the fate of nations and countries. Therefore, it was crucial to study and elucidate its components, which form the basis of conducting elections. Among these elements, the people are fundamental, as they constitute the basis for the existence of governments and states, and the conduct of elections. From these populations emerge voters who choose their representatives in the political parliament, voicing their opinions and expressing their requirements. Other elements of the electoral process complement the voters' voice, including electoral districts, registration centers, polling stations, and electoral centers, all essential for counting and distributing registered voters in each electoral district. Hence, the study addresses the spatial geographic distribution of registrants, voters, and subsequently, those who cast their votes. Furthermore, it delves into the division of electoral districts and the geographic distribution of polling stations and electoral centers. The study also examines the impact of the spatial distribution of electoral process elements on voter turnout in Iraq's governorates during the 2021 parliamentary elections. The research concludes that there is geographic variation in the distribution of electoral process elements, which clearly affects voter turnout. Larger electoral districts tend to see higher voter turnout, indicating greater enthusiasm for voting in larger-sized districts, with the opposite being true as well.

The current research aims to identify the nature of the sustainability of community satisfaction, and to know the factors (building/erosion) of community satisfaction towards elected leaders, in addition to knowing the general level of community satisfaction with the performance of elected leaders, and knowing the statistically significant moral differences between the arithmetic and hypothetical means on the scale of sustainability of community satisfaction with elected leaders according to the variables (gender, age), The current research is one of the descriptive analytical researches that adopted the social survey method using the sample method, as the intentional sample was adopted in calculating the sample size from the research community represented by three residential neighborhoods in the center of Baqubah city, and the simple random sample was adopted in a cross-sectional manner in distributing the forms for the scale (sustainability of community satisfaction with elected leaders), which the researcher prepared from (24) paragraphs, after subjecting them to the necessary statistical tests to verify their ability to measure what was set For this, the research reached several results, including: There are statistically significant differences between the arithmetic means of the measure of sustainability of community satisfaction with elected leaders according to the variables (gender and age), and that general community satisfaction with the performance of elected leaders appeared at an average level, and that some elected leaders do not believe in freedom of opinion and do not accept constructive and purposeful criticism to improve the community reality, and that achieving sustainability of community satisfaction with the performance of elected leaders is linked to their interest in realistic community policies to reduce the manifestations of poverty and unemployment in society, and requires improving the educational, health and economic reality of society, and that society evaluates the performance of elected leaders through their efforts to improve the quality of life of community members, and the research reached the construction of a proposed vision from the perspective of the method of organizing society to achieve sustainability of community satisfaction towards elected leaders.

This study aims to discover the factors of quality of life and their impact on determining the level of job satisfaction from the perspective of employees working in the field of family development. The research is based on Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory to interpret the characteristics of job quality. The study adopted a social survey methodology, collecting data through a questionnaire designed with 39 indicators distributed across seven dimensions. A five-point Likert scale was used for responses, targeting a sample of 80 employees from the Family Development Foundation in the Emirate of Abu Dhabi. The study found a general increase in employee satisfaction, reflecting a clear and positive work environment within the organization. It highlighted that a positive evaluation of physical working conditions and interpersonal relationships indicates the organization's commitment to providing a comfortable and supportive environment, which fosters collaboration among employees. However, the study also identified a potential threat to job satisfaction due to the absence of a well-structured compensation and incentives system. Additionally, the study confirmed no significant gender differences, suggesting fairness within the organization, while it did reveal differences based on educational levels, indicating varying expectations and needs. Overall, the study emphasized that high job satisfaction reflects the organization's success in meeting employees' expectations and needs, thereby enhancing loyalty and productivity.

This study aims to determine the effects of social stigma and self-esteem on inmates' recidivism to crime from their own perspective. The study used the descriptive-analytical approach. A sample of 201 inmates was selected to apply the questionnaire on them. The following results were obtained; the impact of both social stigmatization and self-esteem of the inmates was found to be at a moderate level, with statistically significant differences between the averages of inmates' responses regarding social stigmatization and self-esteem in favor of social stigmatization. This indicates that society treats inmates harshly and that there is a need to modify its treatment towards prisoners.

The study aimed to explore the experiences of Emirati families in dealing with their children who are addicted to drugs, and to determine their level of awareness of methods of proper dealing with these children. The study also sought to evaluate the extent to which families accept their addicted children and identify the challenges they face in providing support, in addition to reviewing the role of treatment centers in supporting these families. The study relied on a case study approach using semi-directed interviews with an intentional sample of 16 family members of addicts receiving treatment at the Irada Treatment and Rehabilitation Center in the Emirate of Dubai. The results revealed the need for families to have more awareness and education about how to deal with addicted children, whether before or after starting treatment, as it was found that families suffer from a weakness in accepting their addicted children, especially in the early stages of discovering addiction. Families also faced several challenges, most notably: cutting expenses, forcing children to stay away from bad friends, providing emotional and psychological support, and social stigma associated with addiction. In addition, the study showed the effectiveness of the treatment and rehabilitation programs provided by the Irada Center, which won the approval of families in terms of the quality of care and programs provided. The study recommended intensifying awareness campaigns about the dangers of addiction, targeting families and students in schools and universities, and directing them on how to detect and deal with addiction. She also stressed the need to involve parents in all stages of children’s treatment, and to provide them with the necessary support during the rehabilitation period.

This study aimed to explore the process of divorce in Emirati society through a qualitative sociological approach based on the perspective of the social process. Divorce is considered a significant social issue that goes beyond merely ending a marital relationship; it is a process that undergoes several complex stages, starting from marital conflicts and their negative impact on marital compatibility, and ending with final separation. In the initial stage, marital conflicts arise from accumulated issues and ineffective communication between spouses, which may include differences in values and perspectives, financial disputes, or life pressures. This tension negatively affects the marital relationship, leading to a deterioration of trust and mutual respect, making constructive dialogue difficult. Over time, these conflicts become significant obstacles that push the spouses toward considering divorce as a solution to regain psychological peace and stability. The descriptive-analytical method was used in this study to collect data from various sources such as interviews, surveys, and field observations. The researcher relied on the qualitative analysis tool (in-depth personal interviews), collecting data from 30 individuals who were divorced in the Emirate of Sharjah (19 females and 11 males). The statements and data collected were analyzed to provide a deeper understanding of the stages of the divorce process and how different factors affect the marital relationship. The study resulted in a comprehensive understanding of the stages involved in divorce, from the emergence of marital problems to the final decision to divorce. It also revealed that the gradual accumulation of unresolved issues and the lack of conflict resolution skills among spouses play a significant role in the progression of the relationship toward divorce.

The study explains assisted employment provides important support to UAE families, but requires conscious supervision to ensure that family values and healthy upbringing of children are protected. It refers to the effects of social and economic changes, such as the shift from extended families to nuclear families and increased reliance on household chores. The study raises the question of the impact of domestic service on children, as such employment goes beyond its traditional role and has a negative impact on children's social and cultural upbringing. The study aimed to identify the categories of service workers, the pros and cons of their use, and their impact on children's social and cultural upbringing. It used the analytical descriptive curriculum and the results showed that domestic labour was a category of workers under Federal Decree No. 9 of 2022. The study has also found that it has many benefits, especially for working women and obtaining a place in society, relying on domestic workers may help the UAE family manage its affairs, but it requires awareness and controls to reduce its negative impact on children and ensure a balanced upbringing in keeping with the UAE's inherent values. It recommends the need to establish legal controls on the use of domestic labour and to raise parents' awareness of the importance of their role in education.

This research is an overview of the life of the Jewish writer and writer Yitzhak Rabinowitz and his bitter experience in life and society and its impact on his productions. He was born in Poland in 1884 to “wealthy parents.” We find that when his father's financial condition worsened and his mother's illness, who was naturally ill, increased, when he was thirty years old, he felt sadness and despair, which had already reached a dead end and he had no choice but to immigrate to America, to the place where his children had settled earlier. There is no doubt that sadness, in its simplest connotations, is an emotional state and an internal feeling in which despair, pain, depression, and a sense of frustration are mixed. It is one of the most important phenomena that was frequently mentioned in modern Hebrew poetry.
It seems that the reasons for the sadness of the Jewish writer have many motives, including “the psychological motive that is represented by the inability of the Jewish individual to integrate with his surroundings,” including the “social motive that manifests itself in class disparity and cases of poverty,” and among them a political motive that “manifests itself in the social system.” The authorities and their oppressive practices towards the Jewish individual and force him to emigrate from his country of origin. Hence, I was motivated to choose this topic as a field for research and study, taking the Jewish poet (Yitzhak Rabinowitz) as a model representing this phenomenon, through extrapolation of his poetic productions, extracting from them poetic texts that were dominated by the tendency of sadness and despair, and trying to identify the causes and motivations. Which affected his psychological world, and made him a sad and desperate writer who sheds his tears and vents his sadness and pain.
The importance of the research comes from the importance of the phenomenon that it seeks to address, as well as from the importance of the poems that it chooses for study. The phenomenon of sadness - which has a striking presence in the poetry of (Yitzhak Rabinowitz) - stops the student and raises many questions about the prevalence of this phenomenon and its control over his psychological world. For reference, most Jewish poets suffer from estrangement, as a result of their distance from the homelands in which they lived due to social and political unrest, or as lovers overflowing with affection and longing for loved ones who have departed and others who have left.
The writer Yitzhak Rabinowitz embodied the tragedy of sadness in his poetry, and his psychological pessimism reached its peak. Thus, the researcher devoted himself to studying (the motives of sadness and despair in the works of Yitzhak Rabinowitz), complementing the efforts of the distinguished professors and researchers who preceded him, in accordance with the analytical method that came in an introduction, three chapters, and a conclusion. The research reached an important result, which is the prevalence of this type of sad poetry in Modern Hebrew poetry is a reflection of the historical and cultural context, and the literary styles used by Hebrew poets to express their feelings and thoughts.

Abstract:
Symbols play a very important role in sufi works, because they allow sufis to convey their complex concepts and personal spiritual experiences to others through symbols. It was a deep Sufi concept, which in most cases should be kept away from the understanding of those who are not familiar with this field. Most sufi stories are in the field of didactic and allegorical literature. In addition to being an effective means of expressing the meanings of Sufi texts, the symbol is a precise tool for evaluating the content of these works and the most important and at the same time the most effective means. It is considered to be symbolic to express the themes of the texts.Two important works in mystical literature are " Mantek Altair " by Sheikh Attar Neishaburi and "Golshan Raz" by Sheikh Mahmoud Shabastri is full of these symbols. Although these two important works use mystical symbols, the type of symbolism and the goals of each are different. The present paper is described in a descriptive and analytical way, firstly in the introduction of the symbol and its types, then the symbol is identified from the story of al-Tair Logic and the book Kolshan Raz, and finally, it examines, compares and analyzes the types of sufi symbols and their use in the two texts. The result obtained from this article is; While Attar uses allegorical and fictional symbols to express the spiritual journey and mystical experiences, Shabestri deals with philosophical and abstract symbols to explain the theoretical concepts of sufism. These differences indicate two different approaches to sufism in Persian literature: one based on spiritual experience and the other based on philosophical and theoretical thinking.

There are incidents in some people's lives which have a great impact on their behavior, work and even their belonging to an extent they undermine the voice to become a tide in vanishing and surfacing at different times. This paper aims to demonstrate the ups and downs of the Irish poet Louis MacNiece in looking at his native country, Ireland, in general, and the west in particular in comparison to other places and the criterion with which he could stand on that slippery ground to avoid slander and non- belonging. His deep and powerful emotion toward his country makes him a tourist who views the vistas from afar and comments as a true outsider exploring the condition of the world mixing between his inner thoughts instigated by social, religious, or cultural motivations with what he must be as a citizen.

This study will analyze transcripts of selected American talk shows, “The Late Show with Stephen Colbert," focusing on the use of performative verbs. The analysis will consider the syntactic context of these verbs and their pragmatic functions within the conversational context. Language serves as more than a means of transmitting information. It also shapes behavior, thinking, actions, and relationships. The study aims to analyze American talk show hosts' and guests’ performative verbs regarding possible cultural differences in communication at a pragma syntactic level. It seeks to contribute to understanding how language is used to construct social interactions, establish relationships, and shape the discursive dynamics of the show. An analysis of performative verbs in “The Late Show with Stephen Colbert” will examine their frequency, types, and functions. This study will employ an eclectic model, incorporating aspects of Searle's (1979) speech act theory and Quirk et al.'s (1985) grammatical analysis of sentence types and adverbs to examine the functions of performative verbs in “The Late Show with Stephen Colbert.” This study will use a mixed-methods research design to identify the types of performative verbs utilized in American talk shows, analyze their functions, and examine how they contribute to achieving communicative goals within the cultural context. It has also been noted that American talk shows are forceful and informative-looking. Adverbs co-occurring with performative verbs can enhance the impact on an audience or modify the degree of explicitness depending on the American culture.

Abstract:
This study is an attempt to approach the notion of politainment from the socio-pragmatic framework of participation. Politainment is a relatively new concept that describes a merge between the political and entertainment genres as a result of the effect of modern media platforms on politics. It falls into two main categories: political entertainment, and entertaining politics. Political entertainment usually involves the utilisation of political agendas in entertainment like movies and music; while entertaining politics involves the politicians attending entertainment events to advocate for their political agendas. The focus of the current study is on entertaining politics as a speech event. The event in question is a political satire show. This study tries to analyse such events in terms of the socio-pragmatic notion of participation which tries to account for the different production and reception roles played by the politician and the other people in these shows in order to establish the speech event itself. The sample of the study consists of an interview with a politician in an entertainment show. The main finding of this study is that this type of events tends to be more on the entertainment side than adopting a political theme.

This paper aims at analyzing the suffix "Nispet ya" found in Arabic words within the work Teşrifatü'ş-Şuara, written by Edirneli Güfti, whose real name was Ali. Our study consists of three main sections: Güfti (his Life, Literary Character, and Works), the "Nispet-Nasap Ya Suffix" in Arabic Words, and Teşrifatü'ş-Şuara ( Information about the Work and Examples of the "Nispet-Nasap Ya Suffix" in Arabic Words in Teşrifatü'ş-Şuara). The "nispet suffix," also referred to as ( ism-i mensup) is a grammar rule of great importance. It involves adding a "ya" suffix to the end of words to indicate affiliation with a certain event, situation, element, country, city, race, religion, sect, or similar distinctions. In our study, we point out that Teşrifatü'ş-Şuara by Güfti has not been previously analyzed and, recognizing this as a gap in the relevant literature, we aim to provide examples from the couplets, their modern Turkish translations, and explanations of the nispet suffixes identified in the verses.