Al-Tuff Journal for Human and Social Sciences

Rumors in general and electronic rumors in particular have a great and wide impact on the local, regional or international scale, especially in light of the development of the means of the Internet and social networking sites in all its forms.

The electronic rumor differs in terms of its objectives, nature, and the social milieu that it targets. It may have economic goals or political goals to create chaos and confusion and destabilize societal security. It may have goals and health orders such as the spread of some epidemics and influence through them to sow terror, panic and fear and provoke psychological warfare among all circles of society and this What the world is currently suffering from in light of the spread of the Corona pandemic, which accompanied the wide dissemination of information, ideas, events and false rumors about this pandemic, which created confusion and panic at the national or international level, as this pandemic is international and cross-border thanks to the development of modern technology, which helped spread False news about this epidemic, its symptoms and vaccines, and in the face of this situation, the countries of the world and international organizations, especially the World Health Organization, are making exceptional efforts in the face of false information and false and shady news published on websites by broadcasting electronic rumors about the Corona pandemic because of its severe impact on members of society in In light of these exceptional circumstances that the entire international community suffers from, only Due to the outbreak of this dangerous pandemic, which necessitates all countries of the world to take legal mechanisms and precautionary measures to combat the electronic rumor and its impact in light of the Corona pandemic

Governments spend huge amounts of resources to support energy consumption، with harmful economic، social and environmental effects. The resources spent on support divert public budgets from investment purposes to consumption، both necessary and wasteful.
Thus، subsidies for energy consumption often aim to benefit society and stimulate investment، but they are usually regressive، as the bulk of the benefits go to those who enjoy higher levels، that is، those at the top of the income distribution.
Subsidy programs also shift demand towards subsidized products and away from those
products whose prices better reflect real market conditions، as well as smuggling، and this unplanned subsidy is economically costly and environmentally harmful.
This report aims to present a proposal from comprehensive support to targeted support، as it can help policy makers build future strategic plans in the medium term، implementing energy policies that balance necessary consumption and economic development، and overcoming the constraints of the economy and affordability.

The idea of collective security has been present since the first era of the emergence of human groups، and up to the present day، but what distinguishes it today is that it has become subject to international legal rules، both conventional and customary، through the creation of bodies of an international nature such as the League of Nations، the United Nations، and especially the main، administrative and executive body of the UnitedNations (the UN Security Council)، which represents the highest authority . This is due to the powers it enjoys، the most important of which is the maintenance of international peace and security، and then the achievement of collective security، which means that an attack on one country is considered an attack on all countries، regardless of whether they are members of the international organization or not، through the belief in the principle that collective security is one and indivisible، and that there is an international duty that falls on the Security Council with the powers it has been granted as stipulated in the United Nations Charter. By taking action to deter and punish the aggressor، given that the Security Council represents the member states of the United Nations and is primarily responsible for achieving the goals and principles of this organization. Therefore، the essence of collective security is based on two principles: the first is preventive، which is maintaining international peace and security through taking preventive measures، and the other is remedial، which involves taking subsequent measures after the aggression occurs، such as stopping the war and punishing the aggressor.

Abstract The idea of legal protection for the consumer is not new in legislation، and is not limited to a specific type of consumer contracts. Whatever the type of contract، the consumer must need legal protection، because the consumer deals with a professional who has long experience in the buying and selling process، in addition to the financial ability enjoyed by the merchant. The consumer، in most cases، does not have experience in commercial dealings and is characterized by limited financial ability، but has an instinctive drive to meet his need for the features of the goods or services offered by the merchant. For these reasons and others، the legislator called for the necessity of supporting and protecting the consumer، in an effort by the legislator to create an environment of balance and equality between the contracting parties in all types of contracts، whether traditional or electronic. The principle of legal protection for the consumer was widely raised، especially when traders exploited the properties of the international information network to promote goods، and the popularity of this network and the large number of its users، especially social media، at that time، promoters benefited from the large number of people to promote their goods، so e-commerce contracts diversified، and because the consumer in such contracts concludes the contract with a person he does not know and at the same time does not know his place of residence، and is not able to see the commodity subject to the contract and its specifications، but rather he merely sees its image on the screen of his personal computer، these reasons called for the intervention of the legislator and surrounding the consumer with a type of legal protection، and in view of the accelerating pace of technological development in this field and the diversity of commercial transactions، which requires searching for legal frameworks that guarantee protection for the consumer in light of the successive and emerging reasons in this field.

This research is concerned with studying (the duality of beauty and religion in Islamic photography)، as I participated in the research in four chapters. The first chapter contained the study framework for an example of the research problem، its importance، and the need for it، which was represented by the representation of beauty and religion in Islamic photography، and its essential connection to the great sanctity it carries in Islamic art، given that they are effective and the thought of many jurists has not emerged in them، but the goal of the research includes identifying the parts of beauty and religion in Islamic painting. The second chapter included the theoretical framework for research and previous studies in
The topic and the theoretical framework included three sections، the first of which touched on beauty and religion in Islamic philosophy، while the second section touched on Islamic art، as art and its particularities، types and features، while the third section was devoted to presenting Islamic art schools in addition to presenting previous studies close to this topic of the current study. The third chapter included the research procedures، which included the research population، its sample، the research tool، and methodology، as well as the analysis of the sample of (5) Islamic miniatures. As for the fourth and final chapter، it included a presentation of the research results، including:
1- The diversity of the line appeared in all its many forms، thick، fine، sharp، soft، flowing، or broken، as well as light or dark colors، as in the folds of clothes، clouds، and water waves، as in the sample (1، 2، 3، 4، 5).
2- The use of colors in close harmony، which gives a sense of anthropomorphism and an approach to realism without the use of shadow and light. As in sample (4،3)
Among the conclusions reached by the current research:
1. Adherence to the correct doctrine leads to the production of art that stems from originality and is loaded with aesthetic religious laws.
2. The methods of depiction in the Shahnameh miniatures have involved different artistic techniques in their compositional elements in the treatments of colors
and lines to
highlight the specificity of the aesthetic value by using the structural relationships of pictorial construction، as well as recommendations and proposals.

The noticeable interest in the teaching staff around the world, especially in Europe, began during the nineteenth century due to the emergence of the need for academic education and in line with the developments that societies needed after the Age of Enlightenment. Most countries sought to legislate laws regulating work in the public service job and clarifying the employee’s rights, duties and obligations that he must bear the burdens of. The legislator went further than this in issuing specific laws that work to regulate a narrow scope on some professions with characteristics that distinguish them from government employees, such as members of the teaching staff due to the nature of their scientific work, which represents an important and decisive role in the process of developing and advancing society. But we find that Iraq came late, as the University Service Law No. 23 of 2008, and the Instructions for Regulating the Work of Faculty Members No. 72 of 1993 and the amendments made to them, are noted for not fully covering the aspects of legislation, as they neglected to organize the disciplinary and criminal aspects that provide effective legal protection for faculty members. This is a legal flaw that we must point out and refer to the Iraqi legislator to address by organizing the provisions of legal protection for this important elite, similar to the categories for which special laws were established to protect them, for example, Journalists’ Rights Law No. 21 of 2011, Doctors’ Protection Law No. 26 of 2013, and Teachers, Instructors and Supervisors’ Protection Law No. 8 of 2018. It is worth noting that the term (university service employee) which is used to refer to a faculty member in Iraq, is mentioned in the University Service Law No. 23 of 2008, as amended, while the term (faculty member) is mentioned in the instructions for the work of the faculty member referred to above, unlike Legislations of other countries, most of which use the term (faculty member), such as Egypt, Algeria and Jordan, so in this research we used the two terms according to the context of the topic. Keywords: faculty member, university service employee, legal protection, administrative protection, criminal protection.

There are many changes that have taken place in the world، and among these changes are those affecting commercial life، Due to the rapid development in the world of cyberspace، which has created financial exchange operations between the seller and the buyer that were not known before، One of these operations is the credit card issued by banks to a person and they open a credit line for him within certain limit، The person to whom the card is issued is called the cardholder، Through this method، customers can obtain goods and services from the merchant without paying cash، This transaction will be settled through the bank that issued the credit card.

The current study aimed to identify emotional crowding among middle school teachers. To achieve this goal، the study included a total of (400) schools. The researchers were able to learn the theory of the emotional crowding scale based on Coleman's theory (Goleman، 1995). They then discovered standardized gains for measuring accuracy and reliability. Using the statistical effectiveness of SPSS، they discovered the results until they found the research on effective crowding.

Art education is one of the fundamental pillars in building a student's character and refining their life skills. It contributes to developing aesthetic sense and refined taste, and opens up horizons for creativity and self-expression. Although it may be considered a non-essential subject in some educational settings, its vital role in shaping learners' cultural, social, and artistic awareness cannot be ignored. Art education is not only concerned with teaching drawing or painting, but also extends to encompass understanding the aesthetic dimensions of the surrounding world and promoting the values of cooperation, appreciation, and discipline.
The research, titled "Professional and Educational Challenges for Art Education Teachers: Between the Reality of the Curriculum and the Aspirations of Creativity," addresses a problematic problem that raises several questions about the extent to which teachers are able to perform their educational and artistic role in a manner that achieves the objectives of the subject, and the extent to which the surrounding educational environment influences their performance. It also calls for the need to investigate the real challenges they face and explore possible solutions to enhance their role in this vital field. It also emphasized the importance and need for the research in terms of identifying the professional and educational challenges facing art education teachers between the reality of the curriculum and the aspirations of creativity. The research addressed the most prominent topics, including the role of the teacher in developing students' skills in art education, the professional competencies required of the art education teacher, the impact of the teacher in refining artistic talents, the problems facing teachers in teaching art education, administrative and organizational challenges, professional and personal challenges for the teacher, proposed solutions to improve the role of the teacher in teaching art education, and other topics, respectively. The results then included some obstacles that emphasized the limited time and intensive curriculum, as well as the lack of resources and the evaluation of creativity. The researcher discussed the positive results in turn. The research concluded with a list of Arabic and English sources.