Al-Nisour Journal for Medical Sciences

Cardiovasculardiseasesinthecontextofdiabetesrepresentamaincauseofmorbidityandmortalitywithatwotothree
times higher risk of cardiovascular diseases in T2DM patients than in people without the condition (normoglycemia).
The current study aimed to assess some Cardiac markers (CK-MB, myoglobin and troponin) in Iraqi type two diabetic
patients with metabolic syndrome. The study was carried out on (60) patients with type-2 Diabetes mellitus who were
divided into 2 groups: (30) subjects having metabolic syndromes and (30) subjects without metabolic syndromes.
VenousbloodsamplesweretakenfrompatientswhovisitedtheMedicalCityHospital-Baghdadduringtheperiodfrom
November 2024 to January 2025.The results demonstrated highly signi cant differences between metabolic syndrome
andwithoutmetabolicsyndromegroupsinregardtoTGandHDL(p 0.001).Inaddition,therewasahighlysigni cant
difference (p 0.001) in CK-MB and Myoglobin levels between the two groups, and a signi cant variation was found
in Troponin I levels between these groups (p 0.003). We can conclude that a highly signi cant variation was found
between individuals with type-2 diabetes having metabolic syndrome and subjects having no metabolic syndromes in
regard to CK-MB, Troponin-1 and Myoglobin levels.

The study aimed to assess the effects of physical exercises on patients with amblyopia with age ranges from 2 to
45 years old. This is study involves forty (40) patients, nineteen(19) males and twenty one (21) females with age ranges
from
(2_45) years old. All patients in our study diagnosed by visual acuity (VA) test for both right and left eyes (without
glasses and with glasses), then the patients submitted to study questionnaire (Date of amblyopia diagnosis), is there
any previous treatment? What type of exercises (Patching, ocular motility and others) they have? The patients examined
byVisual acuity (VA), Auto refractor device, Retinoscope device And Trial case, through the physical treatment sessions
(one session in every week during one month), patients are treating by many physical exercises (patching, ocular
motility).Demographic variables (gender (male and female) and age), which revealed that the percentage of gender (19)
(47.5%) for study group were males and (21) (52.5%) for study group were females. The age groups ranges from (2–45)
years old, Mean age was (20 7.41). The results showed that there is a signi cant differences at (0.03) (p < 0.05) the
means there is an improvement (6/12) in visual acuity (V.A) in the pre and post treating by physical exercises for the
right eye in patients with Amblyopia, also, the results showed that the statistical differences were signi cant at(p <
0.05) meaning an improvement in (V.A) in the pre and post treating by physical exercises for the left eye (Lt) (6/9) at
(0.041) in patients with Amblyopia. We conclude that the treating by physical exercises has a signi cant effect in the
improving the visual acuity in patients with Amblyopia.

Background: Menstruation is a natural biological process that signi cantly impacts women’s physical and emotional
well-being. Despite its universality, misconceptions and unhealthy practices surrounding menstruation persist, particu
larly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). This study aimed to assess the knowledge and practices of married
and single women regarding healthy menstrual habits in Baghdad, Iraq.
Methods: Across-sectional study was conducted from December 20, 2022, to February 25, 2023, involving 100 women
dividedintotwogroups:50singlefemalesfromtheCollegeofHealthandMedicalTechniquesand50marriedemployees
from Baghdad Teaching Hospital. Data were collected through structured interviews and self-reported questionnaires.
Descriptive statistics and frequency analyses were performed using SPSS version 24.
Results: The majority of participants (52%) were aged 25–34 years, and 50% held a bachelor’s degree. Most women
(92%) reported drinking natural juices during menstruation, and 55% cited their mothers as the primary source of
menstrual information. However, 79% did not exercise during menstruation, and 76% consumed sweets, indicating
room for improved health education. High awareness was observed regarding showering during menstruation (86%)
and delaying strenuous work (58%).
Conclusion: While women in Baghdad demonstrated moderate knowledge of healthy menstrual practices, gaps
remaininareassuchasexerciseanddietaryhabits.Targetedhealtheducationprograms,particularlyforyoungerwomen,
are recommended to address these gaps and promote better menstrual health1

Background: Renal transplantation is a life-saving procedure for patients with end-stage renal disease, but it raises a
risk for lymphoma.
Case Presentation: A 52-year-old male presented with abdominal pain, vomiting, and abdominal distention 13 years
after being transplanted. Imaging and histopathological examination revealed intestinal lymphoma.
Discussion: This case, because the patient was schronically cytologically immunosuppressed and simply presented
with non-speci c signs and symptoms with respect to the abdomen, serves to emphasize the importance of recognizing
malignancies in immunocompromised patients.
Conclusion: The case was employed by the authors to primarily emphasize the requirement for early diagnosis and
proper handling of intestinal lymphoma with renal transplant recipients; regular follow-up and vigilance for possible
complications are also important.

Abstract
Amongchildren under ve, pneumonia stands as a major contributor to both illness and death, creating a signi cant
challenge for global health efforts. This study aimed to evaluate the correlation between radiological severity, clinical
parameters (such as fever and oxygensaturation), and laboratory markers (including CRP levels, white blood cell count,
and the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio) in pediatric patients with pneumonia. A retrospective analysis was conducted
on 51 hospitalized children with severe pneumonia admitted to Al Mansour Pediatric Hospital in Baghdad from July
2024 to February 2025. The results revealed a strong association between radiologic severity and clinical indicators, with
higher fevers and lower oxygensaturation levels observed in more severe cases. CRP levels showed amoderate positive
correlation with pneumonia severity, while bacterial infections were associated with signi cantly higher CRP levels
compared to viral or unknown causes. White blood cell count progressively increased with disease severity, reinforcing
its role as asupportivemarker.Notably,theneutrophil-to-lymphocyte(N-L)ratioemergedasahighlyeffectivepredictor
of pneumonia severity, with a cut-off value of 18.5 ensuring high sensitivity (84.6%) and speci city (93.0%). These
ndings underscore the importance of integrating these biomarkers into clinical assessments for early identi cation
and timely intervention in severe pediatric pneumonia cases. The study highlights the potential of the N-L ratio as a
simple yet powerful tool to improve patient outcomes and calls for further research to validate these ndings in larger
cohorts.

In this study, we tackled the problem of early pulmonary disease detection in chest radiography by developing
and evaluating a sophisticated deep learning framework. Our goal was to improve diagnostic precision for conditions
like cancer and pneumonia. To do this, we combined insights from current literature with a rigorous experimental
protocol using a 5,000-image sample from the well-known NIH Chest X-ray dataset. Acore component of our work was
the implementation of a multi-stage preprocessing pipeline, featuring both lung segmentation and targeted contrast
enhancement, designed to focus the model’s attention on relevant clinical features.
We assessed our models, which were trained as an ensemble of specialized classi ers, using a suite of standard
metrics (accuracy, sensitivity, speci city, and AUC). Our ndings show a clear advantage for our deep convolutional
neural network (CNN) approach, which achieved an 82.4% average accuracy and a 0.89 AUC. We demonstrated that
our unique preprocessing steps were highly effective, boosting accuracy by a substantial 13.2%. We also critically
discuss the limitations of our work, including challenges with model generalizability and the smaller dataset size
comparedtopriorstudieswithhigherreportedaccuracies.Inconclusion,ourworksupportsthemovetowardsAI-driven
precision radiology and lays out key recommendations for future research, such as creating more transparent systems
and performing multi-center validation.

Chronic wounds pose major clinical and economic challenges, especially in patients with comorbidities or impaired
healing responses. This study presents NanoSeal-X™, a bioinspired multifunctional wound dressing engineered to
address distinct biological demands at each phase of healing. The theoretical construct integrates a dual-layer matrix:
a hyaluronic acid-based hydrogel embedded with silver nanoparticles, amoxicillin, and lidocaine, supported by a
chitosan-basedscaffold.Eachcomponentisstrategicallyselectedtoprovidehemostasis,infectioncontrol,tissueregener
ation, and pain relief. This work presents a theoretical design framework to guide the development of multifunctional
wound dressings. NanoSeal-X™ integrates pharmacological and bioactive components aligned with distinct healing
phases, and serves as a translational scaffold for future empirical and clinical validation.

The present work aims to study the refractive error instability effects on life quality among type 2 diabetic patients
and to understand the issues in people with refractive error. The cross-sectional study was conducted among patients
of Ghazi Al-Hariri Hospital and Al-Diwaniyah Teaching Hospital from 1/11/2023 to 1/3/2024. A slit lamp, E chart,
lensometer, OCT, trial case, and some tests were performed. One copy of the questionnaire was completed for each
subject out of 100 diabetic patients. The present study included (48%) male and (52%) female who were diagnosed as
type II diabetic patients. The results show that (89%) of patients had a refractive error in one or both eyes. Most of the
participants (51%) had astigmatism followed by myopia (21%), and (17%) participants had hyperopia, most astigmatic
patients have dif culty with doing things (54%), interfering with their life (50%), planning with friends (49%), feeling
burdened(50%)andembarrassed(50%),anditshowsdiabeticpatientswithalongerdurationofDM(97%)hadahigher
risk ofoculardiseasethanpatientswithashorterduration(45%).Weconcludethatevaluationoflifequalityisassociated
withrefractiveerrorsandthatvisionperformanceswhichdependupondiabeticpatient’sviewsincreasedinrecentyears,
and measuring of life quality helped us greatly to reach an accurate comprehension of decision, need, treatment as well
as elevation of the person’s social level in life.

Atotal of 45 Whole milk powder(WMP) samples from the same brand and batch were collected and tested pre and
post-storage under closed conditions at 45–50 °C. during 60, 90, 120, and 150-day intervals. For the chemical indicators of
the WMP,therewerenosigni cantdifferencesinthecontentoffatduringthedifferentstorageintervals,asthefatvalue
was30.00–29.99%,whiletheproteinpercentwas23.23%anddidnotchangesigni cantlyduringthestorageat60,90,120,
and150daysrespectively.Ontheotherhand,signi cantdifferencesoccurredinthemoisturecontent,wherethemoisture
value ranged from 2.55–2.56% as a reference reading, 2.57–2.59% after 60 days, 2.56–2.58% after 90 days, 2.70–2.71% after
120 days, and 2.76–2.81% after 150 days, respectively. Signi cant differences in the acidity values were obtained the
results of the reference reading value ranged between 13.60–13.80 ml, 13.80–14.20 ml after 60 days,14.20–14.40 ml after 90
days, 14.36–14.40 ml after 120 days, and 14.80–15.20 ml after 150 days, respectively. The results of the microbial pro le
revealed that the total viable count TVC showed a signi cant difference at 60, 90, 120, and 150 days. However, there
are no signi cant differences found between the 90 and 120 days. Testing for pathogenic indicators (Salmonella, E. coli,
and Staphylococcus aureus) clarify their absence. We determined that elevated storage temperatures of 45–50°C directly
affect the quality of whole milk powder, speci cally regarding moisture content, acidity, and total viable count, which
increase with prolonged storage duration.

Background: Regulatory T cells (Tregs) represent 5–10% of the total T cell population and are known as potent
suppressorsoftheimmunesystem.Theyarecrucialformanagingimmuneactivation,ensuringperipheraltolerance,and
supporting tissue repair and overall homeostasis. These cells are characterized by the expression of speci c biomarkers,
including CD4+, FOXP3+, and CD25+. While CD4 and CD25 were initially used for their identi cation, the discovery
of CD25onotherTcelltypesledtoamorepreciseevaluation of Tregs through the assessment of the intracellular Foxp3
transcription factor.
Objective: The primarygoalofthisstudywastodeterminethefunctionofregulatoryTcellsinpatientswithischemic
heart disease by measuring the concentrations of their key markers (CD4+, CD25+, and FOXP3+).
Patients and Methods: This was acase-controlled study that included 45 patients with a clinical diagnosis of IHD and
45healthyindividualsasacontrolgroup.Ofthepatients,30(66.7%)weremaleand15(33.3%)werefemale.Sampleswere
collected from a specialized cardiac center in Baghdad, Iraq, between October and December2022.SerumlevelsofCD4,
CD25,andFOXP3werequantitativelymeasuredusingtheEnzyme-LinkedImmunosorbentAssay(ELISA)accordingto
the manufacturer’s protocol.
Results: The mean CD4levelwasfoundtobesigni cantlyhigherinthepatient group comparedtothecontrol group.
Similarly, the mean CD25 level was also signi cantly elevated in the IHD group. In contrast, the mean FOXP3 level was
signi cantly lower among the patients compared to the healthy controls.
Conclusion:ThestudyfoundthatmalesweremorecommonlyaffectedbyIHDthanfemales.Italsorevealedanotable
imbalance in the T regulatory cell markers, with signi cantly higher levels of CD4+ and CD25+ and signi cantly lower
levels of FOXP3+ in the patient group, highlighting their potential role in the disease pathology.

Helicobacter pylori is a highly prevalent gastric pathogen (colonizing 50% of people worldwide) that causes chronic
gastritis, peptic ulcerdisease,MALTlymphoma,andgastriccancer.Risingantibioticresistance(e.g.>15%clarithromycin
resistance) has compromised standard eradication regimens, necessitating novel therapies. SH-HP (His-D-Trp-Ala-Trp
D-Phe-Lys) is a synthetic hexapeptide analogue of the endogenous hormone ghrelin/GHRP-6, originally developed
as a growth hormone secretagogue. Preclinical studies reveal that SH-HP/GHRP-6 has potent gastroprotective and
anti-in ammatory effects: it prevents stress-induced gastric mucosal lesions and mitigates multiorgan damage in is
chemia/reperfusion models. Given that ghrelin receptor signaling plays a key role in gut mucosal defense (via nitric
oxide and prostaglandins) and gut–brain homeostasis, we hypothesize that SH-HP may improve outcomes in H. pylori
infection and acute gastric injury. This paper reviews the background and rationale for SH-HP therapy, including
its effects on mucosal integrity, systemic in ammation, and the gut–brain axis. We propose a randomized, placebo
controlled clinical trial (see Table 1) to evaluate SH-HP as an adjunct to standard H. pylori eradication therapy. If
effective, SH-HP could represent a new adjunctive treatment to protect the gastric mucosa, counteract in ammation,
and restore neuroendocrine balance in infected patients.

Abstract
Many studies have been conducted on the effects of smoking of all kinds on middle and high school students.
Furthermore, smoking has recently become normal lifestyle for many university and school students (especially in the
preparatory and secondary stages). Where smoking included tobacco cigarettes, e-hookah and hookahs of various types
and avors. As is well known, smoking has many negative effects on health, physical, psychological, cognitive, social
and economic aspects. According to the World Health Organization, the use of tobacco leads to catastrophic effects
on public health and it’s a direct cause of death for more than 7 million people and an indirect cause of death for
1.2 million people annually worldwide. This research aims to conduct a statistical study of some boys’schools in Anbar
Governorate about smoking- its harms- ways to avoid it and tips for quitting with the aim of educating students about
the real dangers of smoking and its negative effects on their health, yearly grade point average (GPA), absenteeism rate
and academic achievement in the future. The results: average and the rate of absence, as is clear from the statistical
tables and charts. Conclusion: All types of smoking are harmful to students in every aspect, including health, nances,
academic level, and consequently academic future

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a complex endocrine-metabolic disorder affecting women of reproductive
age. It is characterized by ovarian dysfunction, insulin resistance, and hyperandrogenism, often accompanied by an
overactivehypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal(HPA)axis.“ShohaniHormonalGuard”(SHG)isanutraceuticalformulation
designed to target PCOS pathophysiology via multiple ingredients. We present a comprehensive review of SHG’s
components– including inositols, N-acetylcysteine (NAC), berberine, ashwagandha, omega-3 fatty acids, and micronu
trients (zinc, magnesium, vitamin B6, vitamin D3/K2, resveratrol, chromium, probiotics, etc.)– and their mechanistic
roles and clinical bene ts in PCOS. The literature demonstrates that SHG’s ingredients improve insulin sensitivity,
modulate cortisol and adrenal function, restore hormonal balance, and reduce in ammation and oxidative stress. We
discuss how these agents synergistically address PCOS’s root disturbances, potentially enhancing ovulatory function,
metabolic health, andqualityoflife. This evidence-basedanalysishighlights SHGasamulti-targetedadjunctforPCOS
management, aligning with current clinical and nutritional recommendations.