Journal of the College of Education for Women

The study tried to reveal the impact of youth participation in volunteer activities on the formation of social capital values to them. It relied on the descriptive approach and on more than one tool in collecting its data; (interview, observation, focus discussion), and the application of the study is in Erbil Governorate. The study relied on a sample of young volunteers; 49 young people participating in volunteer work, and 10 young volunteers from different social and institutional backgrounds to benefit from their opinions and experiences in enriching field study. The results of the study revealed that participation in volunteer work plays an important role in building trust among youth and among youth and society. When young people participate in volunteer activities, they learn how to collaborate with others and build positive relationships with them, which contributes to building trust between them and the community. Also, volunteering brings youth to new skills and enable them to make a positive impact in society. The study concluded that there is a positiv relationship between the values of social capital and the trend towards volunteering, as it shows that youth possess high values of social capital due to participating in volunteering. So, institutions can work to promote the values of social capital among young people by organizing awareness and educational programs aimed at enhancing trust, cooperation and social participation. This can contribute to increasing the participation of youth in volunteerism and enhancing their positive role in society.

The study aimed to examine compulsive shopping disorder (oniomania) and its relationship with self-esteem among employees in the city of Hebron, both male and female. To achieve this, the researchers used a questionnaire as the study method to collect data. The study used the self-esteem scale developed by Rashmawi (2013) and the compulsive shopping disorder scale as defined by Moon (2019). After identifying 152 employees who met the criteria for compulsive shopping disorder from all employees for the year 2023, they were selected randomly. According to the results of the study, the motives for shopping among the sample ranged from compulsive (impulsive) to recreational. The results also showed that, from their perspective, employees with compulsive shopping disorder in Hebron had modest self-esteem. Moreover, the study found a statistically significant negative correlation between self-esteem levels among employees in Hebron and compulsive shopping disorder. The results also indicated a relationship between compulsive shopping disorder and self-esteem among employees in the city of Hebron, with self-esteem affecting compulsive shopping disorder. Based on these results, the study provided a set of recommendations, the most important of which were: increasing awareness about shopping behavior and planning for it, through holding seminars and training courses for employees, in light of the significant degree of compulsive shopping disorder observed among the respondents.

The research is a descriptive one, and it focused on studying the internal conflicts in the Republic of Sudan and their effect on the security and stability of the state. The ethnic diversity and tribal extension of the Republic of Sudan with its geographical neighboring countries constituted a factor of weakness in its geopolitical weight, which affects its internal stability, it leads the intervention of Neighboring countries in the politics and affairs of the Republic of Sudan, and the richness of the Republic with mineral resources makes it subject to the ambitions of foreign powers. Sudan is considered one of the richest African countries through its enormous natural resources, especially mineral resources such as oil, uranium, gold and copper, in addition to forest wealth and livestock. The large area and the nature of the terrain make it difficult for the Sudanese government to control the troubled regions, such as the Darfur region, and the separational movements fueled and supported by regional factors represented by neighboring countries such as the separation of South Sudan from the mother Sudan, in order to destabilize the security and stability of the state. One of the most important conclusions of the research is the continued interference of external powers in the internal affairs of the State of Sudan, which always seeks to increase ethnic conflicts and unrest within it to make it a weak state in order to achieve geopolitical goals in a way that serves the interests of external powers to work on exploiting the natural resources of the State of Sudan.

This research includes a study of the social and cultural conditions in Bukhara, based on an authentic source: the book "History of Bukhara" by al-Narshakhi. This book is considered an important historical book, containing valuable information about one of the most important cities in the Islamic East, Bukhara, during the era of al-Narshakhi's reign. This era was marked by the Samanid dynasty, and the rulers' interest in social, cultural, and economic aspects. Bukhara was one of the most important scientific and cultural centers, rivaling Baghdad, the capital of the Abbasid Caliphate, as many scholars and thinkers visited it. The princes were keen to encourage and disseminate knowledge, as well as translation and authorship. The geographical location played a significant role in the diversity of social classes and groups. I used a descriptive and analytical approach to analyze the content of the book, analyzing the scientific material, and supplementing and complementing it through other sources and studies, which contained scientific material.

The study aimed to identify the assessment practices required for kindergarten teachers in light of professional standards. It also sought to determine the extent to which these standards are met in the assessment practices of kindergarten teachers. To achieve the research objectives, the descriptive-analytical approach was used, and a questionnaire was applied to a sample of 80 kindergarten teachers in the cities of Khamis Mushait and Abha. The study found that teachers demonstrated a beginner level in managing learning situations that encourage activities for expressing opinions, providing opportunities, and utilizing them for creative activities that develop critical and creative thinking in preschool children. However, the first indicator—expressing opinions in storytelling activities—showed a very high level. The study also highlighted the importance of kindergarten teachers presenting activities in an engaging and enjoyable manner with children's participation, as well as training them to listen attentively to others, which achieved an ideal level. Additionally, indicators related to teachers' ability to attract attention, encourage participation and experimentation, engage in recreational activities and competitions, and treat children without discrimination achieved a very high level.The study recommended focusing on the practical and field aspects in early childhood education curricula in a way that ensures the desired outcomes of adopting professional standards. It also emphasized the importance of preparing for field training using various methods, such as micro-teaching, observation lessons, and meetings with experienced teachers.

The current research aims to identify what digital education is, and diagnose the challenges it faces in the process of developing awareness of electronic risks, as well as knowing digital ethics and its importance in building a healthy digital society, and employing the fields of the social work profession in raising levels of awareness of electronic risks among students. This research is one of Descriptive and analytical research that relies on the use of the social survey method using a purposive sample method that reached (200) respondents from male and female teachers working within the secondary staff in the General Directorate of Education of Diyala Governorate in the district of Baqubah and its environs. The researcher intended to build a scale (digital education and awareness of electronic risks), which It consists of (30) items distributed equally among three areas, after the form was subjected to the necessary statistical tests to verify its ability to measure what it was designed for. The research concluded that there are statistically significant differences between the areas of digital education and its role in developing awareness of electronic risks, The general trend of the respondents, each within their educational specialization, towards employing social service roles in developing awareness of electronic risks through interest in digital education was moderate.

This paper explores American Travel Literature broadly, with a specific focus on poetry. It provides an overview of the evolution of this genre and emphasizes the significance of spatiality, including concepts of space and place, within its framework. Travel Literature is a well-established literary genre that includes a variety of literary genres as well as humorous and serious styles ranging from the documentary to the evocative. A. Pausanias released his Description of Greece (1886), derived from his observations. It serves as the earliest example of travel poetry. Travel writing fills the gap between fact and fiction, highlighting cultural divides and the shifting aspirations and concerns of both the traveler and the reading public. It looks at several different solutions to the issues that domestic and foreign landscapes provide. Poetry is the best form of contemporary cross-national transit. Poetry is the imaginative enactment of geographic movement. For this, poetry is other than any form of literature suited to travel. Travel poets play a function in the dissemination of poetry. Many migrants and expatriates changed poetry during the early twentieth century like T. S. Eliot, Elizabeth Bishop, and Naomi Shihab Nye. Place and space play an important role in travel poetry since poets rely on the physical and imaginary places. This leaves a tangible effect on the very core of their poetic works. For poets who travel, the place becomes of spatial significance that gives meaning to their travels and the reality they experience.

English language has become an international language and a means of communication among people all over the world. EFL learners, particularly those who are in the earliest stages of language learning, find and face difficulties to understand spoken language and comprehending written texts. The inadequacy of traditional instructional approaches has prompted educational innovations in various places of the world. Educational innovations and renovations are necessary for education. Iraqi EFL students are less proficient and less advanced in their English language acquisition than students in neighboring countries for a variety of reasons, the primary one is the way English being taught. It appears that teachers use typical English teaching approaches, also learning is less successful when students are not emotionally invested in what is happening. One of the key goals and advantages of ESA (engage-study-activate) is the idea of involving the students. So, this study aims to show the effect of ESA model on second intermediate school students’ achievement in English. The quantitative data collected by selecting two groups randomly as experimental and control group and apply the ESA model on the experimental group. The two groups exposed for post-test to know the effect of ESA model on their achievement in English. The data analyzed by using SPSS v26 program. The results indicated that English achievement of the experimental group, which are taught by using ESA, is better than the control group, which are taught by using the traditional method.

Bullying in educational environments is a widespread problem that is typified by aggressive actions and power disparities between people. This study explores a topic that has not gotten enough attention in the literature: the practical implications of bullying among Baghdadi students. Through the examination of data from many educational settings, the study seeks to address the following queries: Which kinds of bullying do students experience? What practical methods do students use to bully their classmates? An eclectic model was used to address these issues, and a survey of 100 randomly chosen students from seven hundred ones in various schools was administered. Of these, thirty students reported having been bullied. This investigation sheds light on the various tactics bullies use to intimidate and cause harm to their peers in educational settings. The results help create intervention tactics that are more successful in stopping bullying and fostering a more secure and encouraging learning environment in schools.

A fallacy is a kind of faulty reasoning that undermines the credibility of an argument on a logical level and paves the way for the argument to be exposed as being invalid. It is a flaw in reasoning that contravenes one or more of the five main criteria of a good argument. These criteria encompass the argument’s structure, relevance, acceptance, sufficiency, and rebuttal. It is argued that fallacies abound in debates, especially in religious ones. This paper examines this negative issue in terms of the critical pragmatic approach. It addresses the following questions: What are the types of fallacies that are made in religious debates? What are the pragmatic strategies used to convey fallacies in the data under study? This research analyzes two religious debates to answer these questions. The first is between a Muslim and an atheist figure, while the second is between a Christian and an atheist. This study utilizes Damer’s (2013) classification of fallacies as well as Searle’s theory (1976) and Grice’s Maxims (1975). A variety of conclusions have been reached. Firstly, the fallacy makers employ different types of fallacies to win the argument; they employ the fallacies of elusive normative premise, wrong reasoning, and ignoring the counter-evidence. Secondly, similar pragmatic strategies are utilized to convey fallacies in the two debates. Various speech acts appear in the data, like stating, commanding, and criticizing. In terms of rhetorical devices, the fallacy makers employ hyperbole and rhetorical questions.